Region: Southern Europe · Coordinates: 39.250, 22.750 · 5 events
| Year | Source | Account |
|---|---|---|
| 378 BC | Xenophon, Hellenica | In the middle of winter Cleombrotus marches via the Eleutherae pass through Thespiae to Cynoscephalae; after staying sixteen days, he leaves Sphodrias there and returns home. |
| 364 BC | Plutarch's Parallel Lives | Both armies send out infantry to seize the hill of Cynoscephalae first (Pelopidas is killed here) |
| 197 BC | Livy, History of Rome (Ab Urbe Condita) | Climbing the height and seeing enemy corpses and arms scattered about, they guessed that battle had already been joined |
| 197 BC | Plutarch's Parallel Lives | On a foggy early morning the plain is covered in darkness and the battle begins |
| 197 BC | Polybius, Histories | Philip advances, taking the ridge of the hills |