Region: China · Coordinates: 34.800, 114.350 · 46 events
| Year | Source | Account |
|---|---|---|
| 225 BC | Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Annals | Wang Ben attacked Wei and diverted the course of the Yellow River into Daliang; the city collapsed, the King of Wei surrendered, and all his land was taken. |
| 207 BC | Book of Han (Hanshu), Imperial Annals | He attacked Kaifeng without taking it, but defeated the Qin general Yang Xiong of Zhen at Baima and east of Quyu. |
| AD 907 | Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiu Wudai shi), Annals | The Son of Heaven sent the Grand Censor Xue Yiju to convey his intention to abdicate in favor of Zhu Wen. |
| AD 907 | Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiu Wudai shi), Annals | Emperor Zhaoxuan of Tang issued a letter in his own hand, abdicating the throne to Liang (as cited in the Zizhi Tongjian). |
| AD 913 | Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiu Wudai shi), Annals | In the second month, day Gengyin, Zhu Yougui of Later Liang was killed by his general Yuan Xiangxian, and Zhu Youzhen (Prince Jun) was enthroned at Bianzhou. |
| AD 923 | Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiu Wudai shi), Annals | Someone urged Zhao Yan to flee west to Luoyang, but he said: If we go down from this tower once, whose heart can we rely on? |
| AD 923 | Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiu Wudai shi), Annals | On day Jimao at dawn the vanguard reached Bian city; Li Siyuan had them attack the Fengqiu Gate, and the Liang Kaifeng governor Wang Zan surrendered the city and asked for terms. |
| AD 926 | Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiu Wudai shi), Annals | Zhang Jian, controller of the Kongheshi stationed at Bianzhou, and others plotted rebellion and were executed; Privy Commissioner Kong Xun temporarily took over military and civil affairs of Bianzhou prefecture. |
| AD 927 | Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiu Wudai shi), Annals | The next day they reached Bianzhou, attacked and took the city, and Zhu Shouyin was executed. |
| AD 946 | Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiu Wudai shi), Annals | That night, Zhang Yanze, military governor of Xiangzhou, on Khitan orders, broke into the Fengqiu Gate with two thousand vanguard troops. |
| AD 946 | History of Liao (Liaoshi) | The Later Jin emperor Shi Chonggui, in mourning white, received the imperial edict. |
| AD 946 | History of Liao (Liaoshi) | Shi Chonggui and his clan left through the Fengqiu Gate, leading a rope and sheep, and waited to surrender. |
| AD 947 | Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiu Wudai shi), Annals | The emperor led his clan out of the Fengqiu Gate and reached the fields by palanquin, but the Khitan ruler would not receive him and made him stay at Fengshan Temple. |
| AD 947 | History of Liao (Liaoshi) | He entered Bianzhou with the full ceremonial carriage and received the congratulations of the officials in the Chongyuan Hall. |
| AD 947 | History of Liao (Liaoshi) | He established the national title Great Liao and changed the era name to Datong. |
| AD 948 | Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiu Wudai shi), Annals | On day Dingchou, the twenty-seventh, the emperor (Gaozu) died in the Wansui Hall, aged fifty-four. |
| AD 948 | Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiu Wudai shi), Annals | On the first day of the second month, day Xinsi, by the last edict, the imperial prince, Prince of Zhou, Liu Chengyou, ascended the throne before the bier. |
| AD 950 | Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiu Wudai shi), Annals | The Privy Secretary Nie Wenjin urgently summoned the chief ministers and officials to Chongyuan Hall and publicly declared accusations naming Yang Bin, Shi Hongzhao, Wang Zhang and others. |
| AD 950 | Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiu Wudai shi), Annals | When the emperor went with Su Fengji and Guo Yunming to a village house to the northwest, Guo Yunming, realizing things had gone wrong, stabbed him with a sword; the emperor died at the age of twenty. |
| AD 954 | Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiu Wudai shi), Annals | On day Bingshen, by the last edict of the Taizu, the Prince of Jin, Rong, ascended the throne before the bier. |
| AD 959 | Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiu Wudai shi), Annals | The ministers presented the Prince of Liang and had him ascend the throne by the eastern pillar of the hall, and an edict was issued to the court and the provinces. |
| AD 960 | Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiu Wudai shi), Annals | The abdication edict beginning with 'Responding to Heaven and following the people, following Yao's example in passing the throne to Shun' (the abdication of Emperor Gong). |
| AD 960 | History of Song (Songshi), Annals | In the first month of Jianlong's first year, a general amnesty was granted, the era was renamed, and the realm was named Song. |
| AD 960 | Xu Zizhi Tongjian (Continuation of the Comprehensive Mirror) | In the first month of spring, on the day yisi, Zhao Kuangyin, military governor of Guide, grand tutor on acting duty, and inspector-general of the palace guard under Later Zhou, proclaims himself emperor. |
| AD 976 | History of Song (Songshi), Annals | In the tenth month of winter in the ninth year of Kaibao, Emperor Taizu died and Taizong succeeded to the throne. |
| AD 997 | History of Song (Songshi), Annals | In the third month, Taizong died, and by his will Zhenzong ascended the throne before the coffin. |
| AD 1022 | History of Song (Songshi), Annals | The emperor died at the Yanqing Hall at age fifty-five, after a reign of twenty-six years. |
| AD 1063 | History of Song (Songshi), Annals | Emperor Renzong died. |
| AD 1065 | Xu Zizhi Tongjian (Continuation of the Comprehensive Mirror) | Sima Guang's memorial: recently a heavy rain fell, and the rivers and ponds all overflowed, the capital walls collapsed, most houses were submerged, and those crushed or drowned could not be counted. |
| AD 1068 | History of Song (Songshi), Annals | In the fourth month, Wang Anshi, Hanlin Academician, was ordered to enter the court out of turn. |
| AD 1069 | History of Song (Songshi), Annals | Chen Shengzhi and Wang Anshi first established the Sansi Tiaoli Commission to deliberate and carry out the New Laws. |
| AD 1085 | History of Song (Songshi), Annals | Emperor Shenzong died and the crown prince ascended the throne as Emperor Zhezong. |
| AD 1100 | History of Song (Songshi), Annals | In the first month of Yuanfu's third year, Emperor Zhezong died; the Empress Dowager took regency behind a curtain to settle the succession. |
| AD 1126 | History of Song (Songshi), Annals | The Jin attacked the Xuanze Gate; Li Gang blocked them, beheaded over a hundred, and they withdrew at dawn. |
| AD 1126 | History of Song (Songshi), Annals | The Jin sent Wu Xiaomin to negotiate peace, and Li Zhuo was sent as envoy to the Jin army. |
| AD 1126 | History of Song (Songshi), Annals | The Jin demanded tens of millions in gold and silk, the cession of the three prefectures of Taiyuan, Zhongshan and Hejian, and hostages from among the chancellors and princes. |
| AD 1127 | History of Song (Songshi), Annals | On the second month's dingmao day, the Jin took Emperor Qinzong north. |
| AD 1127 | Xu Zizhi Tongjian (Continuation of the Comprehensive Mirror) | Jin sent a proclamation to Xu Bingzhe, Yin of Kaifeng, ordering him to find the hidden Prince Guangping, Jie; in the end he could not escape. |
| AD 1127 | Xu Zizhi Tongjian (Continuation of the Comprehensive Mirror) | Song Qiyu, Secretary of the Left Secretariat, had just come in from outside; when asked where the enemy's true intention lay, he wrote three characters, 'Zhang Bangchang', and the discussion was settled. |
| AD 1128 | Xu Zizhi Tongjian (Continuation of the Comprehensive Mirror) | On the first day of the seventh month, guiwei, Zong Ze (Zizheng Hall Scholar), Commander of the Eastern Capital and Yin of Kaifeng, died. |
| AD 1214 | History of Yuan (Yuanshi), Annals | The Jin ruler moved the capital to Bian and entrusted the Central Capital to Crown Prince Shouzhong and Wanyan Fuxing. |
| AD 1232 | History of Yuan (Yuanshi), Annals | Subutai and others besieged Nanjing (Bianjing), and the Jin ruler sent his younger brother, Prince Cao E'ke, as a hostage. |
| AD 1233 | History of Yuan (Yuanshi), Annals | Cui Li, Jin's western field marshal, killed the administrator and surrendered Nanjing (Bianjing). |
| AD 1286 | History of Yuan (Yuanshi), Annals | The Yellow River burst its banks in fifteen places, including Kaifeng, Xiangfu, and Chenliu; more than 200,000 people of Nanjing were released to build embankments. |
| AD 1359 | History of Yuan (Yuanshi), Annals | Chaghan Temür breaks Bianliang city; Liu Futong escorts a puppet ruler and flees |
| AD 1642 | History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals | The rebels breached the river and submerged Kaifeng, drowning hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians. |