Region: Korean Peninsula · Coordinates: 39.017, 125.748 · 66 events
| Year | Source | Account |
|---|---|---|
| 109 BC | Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) | General Yang Bok, commander of the warship, with seven thousand Qi troops reached Wanghyeom first but was defeated by Ugeo; General Sun Chae could not break the western army at the Paesu. |
| 108 BC | Book of Han (Hanshu), Imperial Annals | The upper class of Joseon killed King Ugeo and surrendered; four commanderies were established on the land: Lelang, Lintun, Xuantu and Zhenfan. |
| 108 BC | Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) | In summer, Ni-gyesang Cham had Ugeo killed and surrendered. |
| 108 BC | Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) | Seong-i rebelled again; it was put down, and the four commanderies of Jinbeon, Imdun, Nangnang and Hyeondo were established. |
| AD 26 | Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) | King Muhyul of Goguryeo (Daemusin) destroyed Nangnang, and its people together with the people of Daebang surrendered to Silla. tradition |
| AD 32 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | Hodong urged the king to raid Nangnang; the Jamyeonggo drum of Nangnang had been torn, so Goguryeo troops reached the walls and forced its surrender. tradition |
| AD 37 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | King Muhyul of Goguryeo raided and destroyed Nangnang; five thousand of its people surrendered to Silla. tradition |
| AD 37 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | The king raided Nangnang and destroyed it. tradition |
| AD 247 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | Hwando fortress suffered disaster and could no longer be the capital; they built Pyongyang fortress and moved the people, the ancestral temple and the altars of soil and grain there. tradition |
| AD 313 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | He attacked Nangnang commandery and captured more than two thousand men and women. |
| AD 334 | Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) | King Gugwon of Goguryeo enlarged Pyongyang fortress. tradition |
| AD 343 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | The king moved to Hwangseong east of Pyongyang and lived there. tradition |
| AD 371 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | The king of Baekje attacked Pyongyang fortress with thirty thousand men; the king met them but was struck by an arrow and died on the twenty-third day of that month. tradition |
| AD 371 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | The king and the crown prince attacked Goguryeo's Pyongyang fortress with thirty thousand elite troops; Goguryeo king Sayu fought hard, was struck by an arrow and died, and they withdrew. tradition |
| AD 377 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | Baekje attacked Pyongyang fortress with thirty thousand troops. tradition |
| AD 377 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | The king attacked Goguryeo's Pyongyang fortress with thirty thousand men. tradition |
| AD 392 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | Nine temples were founded at Pyongyang. tradition |
| AD 427 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | King Jangsu moved the capital to Pyongyang. |
| AD 427 | Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) | King Jangsu of Goguryeo moved the capital to Pyongyang fortress. |
| AD 480 | Book of Southern Qi (Nan Qishu), Annals | The rank of Go Ryeon, King of Goguryeo and Duke of Lelang, is raised to General of Agile Cavalry |
| AD 551 | Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan) | In the twelfth year, King Seong of Baekje, together with the armies of two other countries, attacks Goguryeo, takes Hanseong, and advances to Pyongyang, recovering the land of the six commanderies |
| AD 552 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | He built Jangan fortress. |
| AD 586 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | He moved the capital to Jangan fortress. |
| AD 598 | Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) | Zhou Luo□ sails from Donglai across the sea toward Pyongyang city, but he too meets the wind, and most of his ships drift off and sink. |
| AD 612 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | Lai Huer, with the Sui navy, entered the Paesu River and came within sixty li of Pyongyang, where he defeated the Goguryeo forces. |
| AD 612 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | Lai Huer, pressing his advantage, entered the city to plunder, was badly defeated by an ambush, and only a few thousand managed to return. |
| AD 612 | Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) | In May 612, Lai Huer leads the Jiang-Huai navy ahead by sea, enters the Peishui River, meets Goguryeo forces 60 li short of Pyongyang, and crushes them. |
| AD 613 | History of the Northern Dynasties (Beishi), Annals | The emperor crossed the Liao and sent Yuwen Shu and Yang Yichen against the walls of Pyeongyang (second expedition). |
| AD 613 | Book of Sui (Suishu), Imperial Annals | He sent Yuwen Shu and Yang Yichen toward Pyongyang. |
| AD 624 | Old Book of Tang (Jiu Tangshu), Annals | King Go Mu of Goguryeo (King Yeongnyu) was invested as Prince of Liaodong Commandery, and the kings of Baekje and Silla were invested at the same time. |
| AD 642 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | To avenge the defeat at Daeya, Kim Chunchu was sent to Goguryeo to ask for troops; Goguryeo detained him. |
| AD 642 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | Yeon Gaesomun killed King Yeongnyu and set up King Bojang. |
| AD 644 | New Book of Tang (Xin Tangshu), Annals | Zhang Liang and Li Shiji were made Grand Generals of the Pyongyang and Liaodong Routes and led the forces of sixteen commanders to attack Goguryeo. |
| AD 644 | Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) | In 644, when Xiangli Xuanjiang reached Pyongyang, the Mahliji had already led his army to attack Silla and broken two castles, and the king of Goguryeo recalled him. |
| AD 661 | Old Book of Tang (Jiu Tangshu), Annals | Qibi Heli, Su Dingfang and Ren Yashang were each made Grand Commander to attack Goguryeo. |
| AD 661 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | Su Dingfang broke the Goguryeo troops at the Paegang, took Maeup Mountain and surrounded Pyongyang fortress. |
| AD 661 | Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) | In July 661 (Jiaxu day), Su Dingfang defeats Goguryeo at the Paegang river, wins battle after battle, and at last besieges Pyongyang city. |
| AD 662 | Old Book of Tang (Jiu Tangshu), Annals | Su Dingfang defeated Goguryeo at Weidao and attacked Pyongyang Fortress, but could not win and withdrew. |
| AD 662 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | Kim Yusin and others loaded more than two thousand carts with rice and millet and sent provisions to the Tang army at Pyongyang. |
| AD 662 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | Su Dingfang surrounded Pyongyang but withdrew because of heavy snow. |
| AD 662 | Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) | Su Dingfang, as Grand Commander of the Pyongyang route, broke Goguryeo troops at the Paegang, camped at Mauem Mountain and surrounded Pyongyang fortress; but heavy snow forced him to lift the siege and return. |
| AD 662 | Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) | When the Tang army stationed outside Pyongyang urged the delivery of provisions, Kim Yusin and Inmun led tens of thousands into Goguryeo territory and carried twenty thousand seok of grain to them. |
| AD 668 | Old Book of Tang (Jiu Tangshu), Annals | Li Ji defeated Goguryeo and took Pyongyang Fortress, captured King Bojang and Yeon Namgeon, and established the Protectorate General to Pacify the East. |
| AD 668 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | When Silla's army surrounded Pyongyang together with the great Tang army, the king of Goguryeo sent Namsan to ask for surrender. |
| AD 668 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | Li Ji took Pyongyang. |
| AD 668 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | King Bojang had Cheon Namsan lead ninety-eight chiefs bearing white banners to surrender to Yi Jeok. |
| AD 668 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | Li Ji went home; Goguryeo was divided into nine protectorates and forty-two prefectures, and the Andong Protectorate-General was set up at Pyongyang. |
| AD 668 | Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) | King Munmu led his army to Pyongyang, joined the Tang forces and destroyed Goguryeo. |
| AD 668 | Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) | In 668, Qibi Heli first reaches the foot of Pyongyang city, and Li Shiji's army follows and besieges it for a little over a month; the Goguryeo king Jang sends 98 leaders, including Yeon Namsan, with white flags to surrender to Li Shiji. |
| AD 671 | Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) | Tang general Gao Kan and others arrived at Pyongyang with forty thousand auxiliary troops. |
| AD 1010 | Goryeosa Jeolyo (Essentials of Goryeo History) | The Khitan besiege Seogyeong, their ruler camping at a temple west of the city; vice-governor Won Jong-seok and others write a letter of surrender, and general Dae Do-su leaves the city and surrenders to the Khitan |
| AD 1128 | Goryeosa Jeolyo (Essentials of Goryeo History) | 1128: Myocheong, Baek Su-han and Jeong Ji-sang argue that Seogyeong has a royal aura and should be made the upper capital, and push for Injong's visit to Seogyeong |
| AD 1131 | Goryeosa Jeolyo (Essentials of Goryeo History) | 1131: Yi Jung-bu is sent to build the Imwon palace walls in Seogyeong, and the Palseong Hall is set up in the palace, following Myocheong's theory |
| AD 1135 | Goryeosa Jeolyo (Essentials of Goryeo History) | 1135: Myocheong, Yu Cham, Jo Gwang and others rebel in Seogyeong, imprisoning the governor and others, proclaiming the state Daewi and the era Cheongae, naming their army Cheongyeon Chungui-gun and cutting the roads |
| AD 1135 | Goryeosa Jeolyo (Essentials of Goryeo History) | The Seogyeong rebels cross the Jap River at Matan and raid the government army's rear; a counterattack led by the monk Gwanseon and others gives the government forces a great victory with over 300 heads |
| AD 1136 | Goryeosa Jeolyo (Essentials of Goryeo History) | 1136: when Jo Gwang and others try to build a double wall inside the city against the government's earthen mound, Yun Eon-i and Ji Seok-sung ask to strike secretly and destroy it as the campaign is in its second year, but Kim Bu-sik refuses; through Yun Eon-i's insistence the army finally attacks in three divisions |
| AD 1136 | Goryeosa Jeolyo (Essentials of Goryeo History) | 1136: when Seogyeong is pacified, Injong issues an amnesty edict |
| AD 1174 | Goryeosa Jeolyo (Essentials of Goryeo History) | 1174: Jo Wi-chong, governor of Seogyeong, sends a call to arms to the fortresses of the two northeastern frontier regions, vowing to punish Jeong Jung-bu and Yi Ui-bang; over 40 fortresses north of Jeolryeong respond, but only Yeonju holds out under Hyeon Dam-yun and his son |
| AD 1175 | Goryeosa Jeolyo (Essentials of Goryeo History) | June 1175: rear army commander Du Gyeong-seung builds an earthwork and takes Yeonju with cannon; once the northwestern fortresses submit, the army moves to attack Seogyeong, and Yun In-cheom proposes a long siege with an earthen mound northeast of the city |
| AD 1176 | Goryeosa Jeolyo (Essentials of Goryeo History) | 1176: Yun In-cheom attacks Seogyeong's Tongyangmun and Du Gyeong-seung the Daedongmun, and the city largely collapses; Jo Wi-chong is captured and beheaded, his head sent to Gaegyeong for public display |
| AD 1233 | Goryeosa Jeolyo (Essentials of Goryeo History) | 1233: Pil Hyeon-bo, Hong Bok-won and others of Seogyeong kill the envoys Jeong Ui and Bak Rok-jeon and rebel with the city. Choe U sends 3,000 private troops and Min Hui to suppress them; Pil Hyeon-bo is cut in half and Hong Bok-won flees to the Mongols. The remaining people are moved to islands and Seogyeong is left in ruins |
| AD 1269 | History of Yuan (Yuanshi), Annals | Goryeo's Commander-in-Chief Choi Tan and others, citing Im Yeon's rebellion, led over fifty fortresses of Seogyeong to surrender. |
| AD 1269 | Goryeosa Jeolyo (Essentials of Goryeo History) | 1269: Choe Tan kills Seogyeong governor Choe Nyeon, judge Yu Chan and the magistrates of Yongju, Yeongju, Cheolju and Seonju, and the officials of the remaining fortresses all fall to the enemy; he defects to the Mongols |
| AD 1388 | Goryeosa Jeolyo (Essentials of Goryeo History) | 1388: King U has a pontoon bridge laid over the Amnok River from Pyongyang and forms the Liaodong expeditionary force, naming Choe Yeong commander of the eight provinces and Jo Min-su left army commander (Yi Seong-gye, right army) |
| AD 1593 | History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals | Li Rusong attacked the Japanese army at Pyongyang and took it. |
| AD 1894 | Draft History of Qing (Qingshigao) | In the eighth month Zuo Baogui, commander of the Fengtian reinforcements, fought the Japanese at Pyeongyang, was defeated, and died in battle. |