Jerusalem

Region: West Asia · Coordinates: 31.777, 35.235 · 164 events

Events

YearSourceAccount
1567 BCManetho's Aegyptiaca (fragments)More than 240,000 Hyksos left through the desert toward Syria and founded Jerusalem in the land of Judah. tradition
600 BCManetho's Aegyptiaca (fragments)Necho II took Jerusalem and led King Joahaz away as a captive to Egypt. tradition
588 BCManetho's Aegyptiaca (fragments)In the time of Apries, Jerusalem fell to Assyria, and the Jews who remained fled to him.
175 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsA dispute over the high priesthood arises in Jerusalem (title: Antiochus's expedition to Jerusalem over the high-priesthood dispute)
168 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAntiochus Epiphanes captures Jerusalem and plunders the Temple, amid the Syrian disputes over Egypt
167 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsOn the 25th of Chaseleu (December), year 145, Antiochus feigns peace and takes Jerusalem by trickery
164 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsJudas goes up to Jerusalem, purifies the Temple and keeps the eight-day festival of rededication
163 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAntiochus V and Lysias come through Bethsura and besiege Judas, shut up in the Temple, then withdraw on peace terms
161 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsNicanor comes to Jerusalem and tries to seize Judas by trickery under a show of peace, but is exposed and goes to war
160 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsBacchides advances again and Judas falls in battle
152 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAt the Feast of Tabernacles Jonathan puts on the high priest's robes (year 160)
144 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsJonathan sends envoys and gifts to Demetrius asking him to remove the garrison of the Jerusalem citadel
143 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsJonathan sends envoys to Rome to renew the old friendship
143 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsJonathan rebuilds the walls of Jerusalem and the wall around the Temple
142 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsWith Jonathan captured, Simon is acclaimed by the people and becomes high priest and leader
142 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsIn year 170, Simon's first year, the Jewish people are freed from Macedonian rule and tribute
134 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAs Antiochus besieges Jerusalem, Hyrcanus opens David's tomb and takes out money
134 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAntiochus VII invades Judea and besieges Jerusalem, where Hyrcanus is
134 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsHyrcanus opens David's tomb and takes out 3,000 talents of silver
104 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAristobulus is the first to wear the diadem; after killing his mother and brother, he dies within a year
104 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAristobulus puts on the crown and imprisons his mother and brothers
88 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAt the Feast of Tabernacles the people pelt Alexander with citrons and rise in revolt
88 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsDemetrius Eucaerus camps near Shechem and defeats Alexander but soon withdraws
80 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAfter a long illness Alexander dies around the fortress of Ragaba
76 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAlexandra succeeds her husband Jannaeus and rules for nine years, with the Pharisees holding real power
76 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAlexandra hands power to the Pharisees and rules for nine years
65 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAretas and Hyrcanus attack Aristobulus with 50,000 men, shut him in the Jerusalem Temple and besiege it
63 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsWhile the factions of Aristobulus and Hyrcanus split inside Jerusalem, Pompey fills the ditch and ravine north of the Temple and assaults it
63 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsPompey and his men enter the sanctuary that no one had ever seen — the nation's greatest wound
63 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsPompey keeps building earthworks even on the Sabbath, breaches the wall and takes Jerusalem, with Faustus first on the wall
54 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsCrassus takes all the gold left in the Jerusalem Temple to fund his Parthian campaign
54 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsOn his Parthian expedition Crassus takes the Temple's treasures
47 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAfter seeing Caesar off from Syria, Antipater returns to Judea and first rebuilds the Jerusalem walls Pompey had torn down
47 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsCaesar confirms Hyrcanus as high priest and makes Antipater procurator of Judea
47 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAntipater puts his eldest son Phasael in charge of Jerusalem and the 15-year-old Herod in charge of Galilee
46 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsHyrcanus summons Herod to trial, and Herod appears as his father advised
46 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsHerod is summoned to the Sanhedrin for killing bandits but flees to Damascus on a tip from Hyrcanus
43 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsCassius collects taxes in Judea, and Malichus poisons Antipater
40 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe Parthians bring Antigonus to Judea, and as Jerusalem fills with Pentecost crowds, unrest engulfs the Temple area
40 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsHerod, sensing a Parthian plot, slips out of Jerusalem by night with his family
40 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe Parthian Barzapharnes enters Jerusalem with Antigonus in front and, at Pentecost, captures Hyrcanus and Phasael
39 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsHerod camps west of Jerusalem, but the guards on the walls resist with arrows and javelins
37 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsSosius joins Herod with a large army, and together they surround Jerusalem
37 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsHerod and Sosius take Jerusalem by force, and Antigonus meets his end
37 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsIn the consulship of Agrippa and Gallus, Herod and Sosius take Jerusalem by storm
37 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsHaving taken Jerusalem, Herod offers its wealth to Antony and kills the rich
36 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsHerod installs Aristobulus, brother of his queen Mariamne, as high priest and soon has him killed
32 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsCiting the Arab king's ingratitude, Herod prepares for war and addresses his soldiers
31 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsIn the year of the Battle of Actium (Herod's 7th year) a great earthquake strikes Judea
30 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsHerod kills the aged Hyrcanus on suspicion of treason
29 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsHerod executes his wife Mariamne and also kills her mother Alexandra
25 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsIn Herod's 13th year a great famine and plague strike, and Herod buys grain abroad and distributes it
20 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsIn his 18th year Herod begins tearing down the Temple and rebuilding it larger
8 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsOver unrest in Trachonitis Herod fights Arabia, and Syllaeus accuses Herod in Rome
5 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsHerod tries Antipater at Jerusalem with the Syrian governor Varus and imprisons him
4 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe Syrian governor Varus happens to be in Jerusalem, and Herod accuses Antipater before him
4 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsUproar over pulling down the golden eagle from the Temple gate — Herod, gravely ill, is enraged
4 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsWhen Archelaus holds a feast for his father's funeral, the crowd riots, and he unleashes the army, killing about 3,000
4 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsBefore the verdict, the Roman procurator Sabinus fights a great battle with the Jewish crowd in Jerusalem, and the Temple porticoes burn
4 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsVarus, on receiving a letter from Sabinus and others, leads his army to Jerusalem and crucifies about 2,000
4 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsDuring Herod's illness, teachers of the Law pull down and smash the golden eagle at the Temple gate, and Herod punishes them
4 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAs Herod's will provided, Archelaus becomes king and holds a grand funeral for his father
4 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAt Passover the people rise in revolt, and Archelaus sends troops
4 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAt Pentecost, a crowd angered by Sabinus's tyranny surrounds the Temple and palace and fights
4 BCJosephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsVarus comes with two legions, suppresses the revolt and crucifies 2,000
AD 6Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsQuirinius conducts the census and taxation of Syria and Judea, Coponius comes as governor of Judea, and Judas of Galilee resists
AD 10Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsUnder Coponius, at midnight at Passover when the Temple gates are opened, Samaritans scatter human bones in the Temple
AD 26Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsPilate brings standards bearing images of Caesar into Jerusalem by night, causing a great uproar
AD 26Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsPilate moves his troops from Caesarea to Jerusalem and brings in standards bearing the emperor's image, causing unrest
AD 30Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsPilate uses Temple funds for an aqueduct and the crowd protests; about this time there is a passage saying Jesus was crucified by Pilate's sentence
AD 36Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsVitellius goes up to Jerusalem at Passover, waives the tax on fruit and returns custody of the high priest's vestments
AD 41Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsClaudius returns his grandfather's kingdom to Agrippa, and Agrippa offers sacrifices at Jerusalem
AD 42Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAgrippa begins building a huge wall around Jerusalem
AD 42Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAgrippa builds a new wall at Jerusalem but halts it after the Syrian governor's report
AD 45Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsUnder the governor Fadus, the magician Theudas leads a crowd claiming he will part the Jordan and is executed
AD 46Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsQueen Helena of Adiabene buys grain during the Jerusalem famine and feeds the poor
AD 48Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsUnder Cumanus at Passover, a soldier's indecency causes a great riot and many Jews are crushed to death
AD 52Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsClaudius sends Felix, brother of Pallas, as governor of Judea
AD 56Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsIn Jerusalem an assassin band called the Sicarii kills people in broad daylight in the middle of the city, especially at festivals
AD 56Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAn Egyptian false prophet deceives about 30,000 and leads them from the wilderness toward Jerusalem
AD 58Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsFelix captures the bandit chief Eleazar and his band and deals with the false prophets who led crowds into the wilderness
AD 60Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsWhen Festus arrives in Judea, bandits and dagger-assassins (Sicarii) have greatly multiplied
AD 62Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAfter Festus's death and before Albinus arrives, the high priest Ananus has James stoned to death
AD 62Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAt night the Sicarii kidnap a scribe of the Temple governor and demand a prisoner exchange
AD 64Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsWhen Temple works end and 18,000 workers lose their jobs, they are redirected to tasks such as paving Jerusalem's streets
AD 64Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsGessius Florus follows Albinus and fills Judea with misery (the origin of the war)
AD 65Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsWhen Cestius Gallus comes to Jerusalem around the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the crowd complains of Florus's tyranny
AD 66Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsFlorus orders his soldiers to plunder the Upper Market and kill whoever they meet, causing a great massacre
AD 66Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAgrippa II gathers the people and speeches against fighting Rome, pleading in tears with his sister
AD 66Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsEleazar halts the sacrifices for foreigners, cutting off those for Rome, which marks the start of the war
AD 66Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsOn the 15th of Loüs (Ab), rebels attack the Antonia fortress, besiege the garrison for two days, then kill them and burn it
AD 66Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsMenahem, son of Judas the Galilean, comes to Jerusalem and leads the revolt but is soon removed
AD 66Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe high priest Ananias, caught after hiding in an aqueduct, is killed with his brother Hezekiah by the bandits
AD 66Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsCestius burns part of Jerusalem and is driven up to the walls, but recalls his troops for no reason
AD 66Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsFlorus's misrule drives the Jews to take up arms against Rome; the Antiquities runs to Nero's 12th year
AD 67Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAt night John, finding no Roman guards, leads his band in flight to Jerusalem
AD 67Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe Zealots choose a high priest by lot — the lot falls on the family of Eniachin
AD 68Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsAnanus gathers the crowd and makes a speech urging an attack on the Zealots
AD 68Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe Idumean army reaches Jerusalem but, with the gates closed, spends the night outside the walls in a storm
AD 68Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe Zealots saw open the gates at midnight, the Idumeans enter, and Ananus, Jesus and others are killed
AD 68Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe Idumeans repent and some leave, whereupon the Zealots kill still more citizens
AD 69Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsSimon takes control of Jerusalem — in the month Xanthicus (Nisan) of the war's third year
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsEleazar's faction in the Temple, angered by John's tyranny, splits off, and Jerusalem divides into three factions
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsSimon, invited in by the citizens, controls the Upper City and most of the city
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsTitus, scouting with a few cavalry, strays toward the Tower of Psephinus and narrowly escapes being suddenly surrounded
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsOnce the legion from Emmaus joins him, Titus reaches Scopus and camps within sight of the city
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe Jews mistake the Roman march for a retreat and pour out of the gates to attack
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsTitus puts picked cavalry and infantry in front to camp closer than Scopus
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsA ruse in which the rebels pretend to be driven from the Women's Tower gate to deceive the Romans
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsTouring the walls, Titus sees Nicanor wounded by an arrow and steps up the siege pressure
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsOne of the Roman siege towers collapses by itself and the first wall falls into Roman hands
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsFive days after taking the first wall Titus takes the second, is driven out, then retakes it
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe Romans begin raising ramps on the 12th of Artemisius and finish them with great toil by the 29th
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsOnce the wall is built around the city, famine spreads house to house and people die
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe Romans attack the Antonia fortress
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe Syrian soldier Sabinus climbs the wall with a few men and is killed by a stone
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsRoman soldiers take the Antonia under cover of darkness
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsTitus has the foundations of the Antonia demolished and has Josephus urge surrender once more
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe Romans fight hand to hand, unarmored, with the Temple guards
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe Jews use a ruse of burning a portico useless to the Romans, and many Roman soldiers are burned
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsMary, from beyond the Jordan, devours her own child in the famine
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe Temple gates burn, then the sanctuary itself on the 10th of Loüs
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsTitus enters the sanctuary with his commanders and tries to stop the fire but cannot restrain his soldiers
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe Romans set their standards east of the Temple gate, sacrifice to them and hail Titus
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe next day the Romans burn the Lower City as far as Siloam
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe Idumean commanders gather secretly and send men to ask Titus for surrender
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsOn the 7th of Elul (Gorpiaeus), after 18 days Rome finishes its ramps and brings the engines up to the wall
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsThe soldiers are tired of killing yet many remain, so Titus orders only the armed killed and the rest taken captive
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsCaptives taken in the war are tallied at 97,000, and those who died in the siege at 1,100,000
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsJerusalem is taken on the 8th of Gorpiaeus in the 2nd year of Vespasian's reign
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsTitus has the city and Temple razed except three towers and stations the Tenth Legion
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsTitus praises his soldiers' deeds by name, hands out rewards and discharges many from service
AD 70Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the JewsSimon, in the Upper City while the city falls, goes underground with his faithful friends
AD 70Tacitus, Annals and HistoriesJerusalem is the capital, and a great temple rich in wealth stands there
AD 70Tacitus, Annals and HistoriesThe Jews deploy their battle line right beneath the walls and fight
AD 636Al-Tabari, History of the Prophets and KingsJerusalem surrenders — treaty with its inhabitants
AD 637William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaIn the reign of Heraclius, Omar (the third successor of Muhammad) conquers all of Syria: the starting point of the account of the conquest of Jerusalem
AD 1093William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe hermit Peter comes to Jerusalem and speaks with the patriarch Simeon: the origin of the appeal for the crusade
AD 1099William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe army arrives at Jerusalem
AD 1099William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe time when the crusaders reached Jerusalem, and the numbers of our and enemy forces
AD 1099William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaGodfrey sweeps through the city and carries out a great slaughter; Count Raymond of Toulouse enters from the south
AD 1099William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe citizens flee to the courtyard of the Temple, and Tancred pursues them, causing countless killings
AD 1099William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe city is purified of the corpses; those who had fled to the citadel surrender to Count Raymond of Toulouse; that day is fixed as a perpetual commemoration
AD 1099William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe princes, overcoming the clergy's opposition, elect Duke Godfrey as their leader
AD 1099William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe princes split: the counts of Normandy and Flanders return home, Count Raymond goes to Constantinople, and Tancred becomes lord of Tiberias
AD 1100William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe death and burial of Duke Godfrey
AD 1118William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaBaldwin, count of Edessa, ascends the throne
AD 1118William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe Egyptian navy and army enter the kingdom but do not engage; Patriarch Arnulf dies and Gormond succeeds him
AD 1119William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe Knights Templar are founded in Jerusalem
AD 1131William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe king returns to Jerusalem, dies of a grave illness, and is buried in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre beside the other kings
AD 1131William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaFulk, count of Anjou: his origin and character; the third king of Jerusalem
AD 1141William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe legate returns to Jerusalem, holds a church council, and dedicates the Temple of the Lord (Templum Domini)
AD 1143William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe accession of Baldwin III; he rules under his mother's guardianship
AD 1152William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaSerious discord arises between the king and his mother; the king is crowned without her knowledge.
AD 1152William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaA great Turkish army comes to seize Jerusalem, but our forces sally out and drive it off.
AD 1153William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe king forcibly enters Jerusalem, confines his mother in the Tower of David, and finally makes peace.
AD 1158William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaAmalric, abbot of the Holy Sepulchre, is elected patriarch in Jerusalem.
AD 1163William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaAmalric succeeds his brother Baldwin III as king.
AD 1167William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe king is victorious, recovers all his men, and returns to Jerusalem.
AD 1174William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaBaldwin IV, sixth king of Jerusalem, accedes to the throne: his character, age, and appearance.
AD 1177William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaCold and driving rain leave the fleeing troops exhausted, and countless die; the king returns victorious to Jerusalem.
AD 1180William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe king gives his sister in marriage to Guy of Lusignan; a truce is made with Saladin on equal terms.
AD 1183William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe king removes the regency of the count of Jaffa and crowns his nephew Baldwin as co-king.
AD 1184William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the SeaThe long discord between the king and the count of Jaffa grows severe, and the count of Tripoli takes over the regency and guardianship of the king.
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