Region: Korean Peninsula · Coordinates: 37.566, 126.978 · 158 events
| Year | Source | Account |
|---|---|---|
| AD 1392 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | The new dynasty moved the capital from Songdo to Hanyang and ringed it with a stone wall along the Han River. |
| AD 1400 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | Taejong installed the Sinmungo (Sin-mun-to), a drum for petitioning the king directly. |
| AD 1585 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | When Hideyoshi's envoy Yasuhiro returned from Seoul without a Korean reply, Hideyoshi ordered him and his family put to death. |
| AD 1586 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | Yoshitoshi's mission came to Seoul and handed over the 14 traitors who had guided pirates, as Joseon had demanded; Korean officials beheaded them. |
| AD 1592 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | The Japanese army entered Seoul (Hanyang) 18 days after landing at Busan. |
| AD 1592 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | Kato's and Konishi's forces entered Seoul on the same day. The king, court and army had left the capital three days earlier, so there was no resistance. |
| AD 1592 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | The Korean king left the capital and began his flight north (June 9). He set out without provisions and his party went hungry. |
| AD 1592 | Rai Sanyō, Nihon Gaishi | In the 4th month Ukita Hideie and others led their armies into Korea (start of the Bunroku campaign). |
| AD 1592 | Rai Sanyō, Nihon Gaishi | When Kato Kiyomasa's army reached Namdaemun in Hanseong on the 4th of the 5th month, all the banners of the soldiers guarding the gate were those of Konishi's side. |
| AD 1593 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | Most of Seoul was set on fire. Houses, gates, bridges and offices burned, and residents were driven out at spearpoint, keeping only able-bodied men of use. |
| AD 1593 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | The Japanese withdrew from Seoul, and the Ming vanguard entered the same day. The Japanese fell back to coastal towns such as Busan and Dongnae. |
| AD 1627 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | Later Jin forces surrounded Seoul and began a siege. To avoid bloodshed the king sent tribute and made a peace pact. |
| AD 1637 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | A treaty by which Injo renounced loyalty to Ming, gave two princes as hostages, and agreed to send tribute envoys every year. |
| AD 1647 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | A party of shipwrecked Japanese, escorted by the Qing emperor, reached Hanyang and were entertained at the royal palace. |
| AD 1653 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | The Dutch party entered Hanyang, showed their skills at court and were assigned to the royal guard. |
| AD 1657 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | The Dutch party left Hanyang and rode south to a walled town (Diu-siong, location unknown). |
| AD 1658 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | Change of king: the previous king abdicated and a new king (Yen-chong) took the throne, and the Dutch's circumstances changed too. |
| AD 1707 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | The Qing Kangxi Emperor's survey mission took the original map from the Korean royal palace, the basis for Korean place names on European maps. |
| AD 1784 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Seung-hun returned home and reached Hanyang, sending the books, crosses and pictures he brought to Yi Byeok. |
| AD 1784 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Yi Byeok received the books Seung-hun had sent, rented a quiet house, and shut himself in to read and meditate. |
| AD 1784 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | In April 1784 the king's tutor issued the first official document aimed at Catholicism, telling parents and relatives to cut ties with believers. The first victim, Thomas Kim, died in exile after trial and torture. |
| AD 1785 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Minister of Punishments Kim Hwa-jin arrested Kim Beom-u (Thomas) and pressed him to apostatize. When Gwon Il-sin stepped forward and said he would share the punishment, he was sent back, while Kim Beom-u continued to be tortured. |
| AD 1787 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | The self-organized church administered sacraments in Hanyang. Jeong Domasu (Jean T'soi) rented a house in Hanyang and handled the sacraments, where believers gathered for confession and communion. |
| AD 1789 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Yun Yu-il (Paul), disguised as a merchant, went from Hanyang to Beijing carrying the letter of inquiry to the bishop. |
| AD 1790 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Yun Yu-il left Beijing with the envoys and returned to Hanyang carrying the bishop's reply written on silk. |
| AD 1790 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | The believer Paul traveled with the embassy that left Hanyang on September 17, 1790, carrying to the bishop of Beijing a letter with questions on faith and rites. |
| AD 1791 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Hong Nak-an petitioned the chief minister Chae Je-gong (T'sai) to demand the death penalty for Yun Ji-chung, and at the same time pressed the Jinsan magistrate to arrest him. |
| AD 1791 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Gwon Il-sin (François-Xavier Kouen Il-sin-i) was arrested, taken to the Board of Punishments (tribunal des crimes) and tortured. |
| AD 1794 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | On June 18, 1794 three believers who had brought Father Zhou Wenmo to Hanyang were executed in prison after torture, and their bodies were thrown into the Han River. |
| AD 1794 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | On December 23, 1794 the Chinese priest James Zhou crossed the Yalu to Hanyang and began pastoral work at once. |
| AD 1795 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Father Zhou reached Hanyang and stayed at a northern house arranged by Matthias Choe (Mathias T'soi). He said his first Easter Mass. |
| AD 1795 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Constables raided the house where the priest was hiding. Matthias Choe stepped forward claiming to be the Chinese priest, while the priest fled to another believer's house. Paul and Sabas were arrested the same day. |
| AD 1795 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Paul (Paul loun), Sabas (Sabas Tsi) and Matthias (Mathias T'soi) were executed in prison, and their bodies were thrown into the river the same night. |
| AD 1797 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Luke Hong Nak-min wrote his report to the king ambiguously. When the king reproached him, he instead called for persecution. |
| AD 1798 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Hwang Sa-yeong stayed near Ai-o-kai in Hanyang, teaching boys to write and copying prayer books. |
| AD 1800 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | In 1800 King Tieng-tsong-tai-oang (Jeongjo) died of a boil on his back; the source says he died according to etiquette, without surgery. |
| AD 1800 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | King Jeongjo died (24-year reign). |
| AD 1800 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | The regent queen dowager dismissed all high officials of the Sipa faction and replaced them with Noron men. |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | A decree banning Catholicism was promulgated in the regent's name, with five-household collective liability: "Kill them all, leave no seed." |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | A chest containing doctrinal books and letters was discovered and Thomas Im was arrested; the chest was judged to belong to Augustine Jeong. |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | An arrest order was issued for four men including the high official Yi Ga-hwan (Ni Ka-hwan), who were jailed in the Geumbu prison. |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Ambrose Gwon and Augustine Jeong were arrested. |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Ambrose Gwon died in prison (age 66); one account says he was beaten to death, another that he died of imprisonment. |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Officials raided Columba Gang's house and seized even the female servant, the first case of arresting noblewomen. |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Six believers were beheaded outside the West Gate (Porte de l'Ouest). |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Father Zhou (P. Tsiou) went out on his own and surrendered at the Geumbu (Keum-pou) prison. |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Two women who had sheltered the priest were given poison. |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Six believers were sentenced to death and executed (Charles Jeong was Augustine's son). |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Pak, from Gwangju (Koang-tsiou), was beheaded in Seoul (three companions were exiled). |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Father Zhou was beheaded at the execution ground of Nodeul (No-teul, Minam-do) near Seoul. |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Betrayed by Kim (le-sam-i), the doctrine leader John Choe was arrested at midnight. |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Josaphat Kim and his relatives were beheaded outside the small gate on the west of the capital on June 1, 1801. |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Nine people including Columba Gang (five of them women) were beheaded outside the western gate of the capital on July 3, 1801. |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Thomas Hwang (Hwang Sim) was beheaded and dismembered. Pierre Kim was beheaded with him. |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Hwang Sa-yeong, branded the author of the letter, was beheaded and dismembered. Ok Cheon-hui and Hyeon Gye-heum were beheaded. |
| AD 1801 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | A letter in the name of the Korean king was sent to the Qing Jiaqing Emperor, reporting the affair and excusing the Hwang Sa-yeong letter. |
| AD 1801 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | After Sunjo's accession in 1801, the regent Queen Dowager installed Noron-aligned officials and issued a nationwide decree of persecution, ordering believers arrested regardless of rank, age or sex. |
| AD 1801 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | On May 31, 1801 Alexander Wang was beheaded. His letter on silk to the bishop of Beijing, asking for 60,000-70,000 European troops to conquer Joseon, was discovered, and the court judged it a conspiracy. |
| AD 1802 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | The edict banning heterodox teaching ("Instruction contre la mauvaise religion") was promulgated. It criticized the doctrine and the abolition of ancestral rites and fixed the ban. |
| AD 1802 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Eight people including Charles Ni were martyred; Charles Ni was beheaded at 22, executed at the place of execution the same day. |
| AD 1802 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | A new decree of January 25, 1802 branded Catholicism a "heterodox religion"; the text says this ended up publicizing the doctrine everywhere in the country. |
| AD 1827 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | On the night of the 21st of the fourth lunar month of 1827, Paul Ni Tsiong-hoi was arrested in Hanyang by officers from Jeonju, taken to Jeonju and questioned about the pictures and books he possessed. |
| AD 1830 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | In 1830 Crown Prince Ikjong, who was acting as regent, fell gravely ill. Before that he had summoned and rehabilitated Jean Tieng lak-iong, who had been in exile, but Ikjong died a few days later. At the funeral the coffin was half burned. |
| AD 1832 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | At midnight on the 10th of the ninth lunar month of 1832, Hanyang officers raided the house of André Hwang. André was absent, and 10 people were seized, including his uncle Peter Hwang and those with him. Nine apostatized and were released or exiled. |
| AD 1832 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | King Sunjo dies and his seven- or eight-year-old son becomes king, with Queen Dowager Kim as regent |
| AD 1833 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | In June 1833 (early fifth lunar month) Peter Hwang died in Hanyang prison. About eight months in prison, tortured five times, near 70 years old. |
| AD 1833 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | The Chinese priest Pacifique (Father Yu) had gone into Korea, and 9 to 11 Christians were imprisoned for their faith |
| AD 1836 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | In 1836 two traitors' denunciations lead to the arrest in Seoul of 3 women Christians and 5 catechumens. In An-iang a village Christian is also arrested |
| AD 1836 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Late in 1836 the Chinese priest Yu, who had disobeyed the Church's orders, is expelled and returns to Shanxi (Chang-si) |
| AD 1836 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Late in 1836 Christian guides meet Father Chastan at Pien-men and bring him to Hanyang |
| AD 1837 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | After 13 days' walk from the border, Bishop Imbert reaches the capital on the evening of 30 December and reunites with Maubant |
| AD 1837 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | On January 17, 1837 the French priest Chastan passed the Ai-chiu customs post in mourning disguise and joined Maubant in Hanyang. |
| AD 1838 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | On Good Friday 1838, five widows praying together on the outskirts of the capital are arrested. Four are released after torture and become beggars |
| AD 1838 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | On December 19, 1838 Bishop Imbert entered Korea and took up residence near the royal palace. |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | At dusk on 16 January 1839 constables arrest three Christian families (over ten adults, including seven children). The start of the Gihae Persecution |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | On the evening of Easter Sunday, 7 April 1839, a raid on the church's inn in the capital. An informer hands over a list of fifty-three Christians. The persecution in the capital begins in earnest |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | On 11 April 1839 six women (including three mothers and daughters) voluntarily present themselves to the constables |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | On 19 April 1839 an edict is promulgated. It orders house searches in all eight provinces to root Christianity out and collective responsibility among groups of five households |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | On 9 May 1839 a second death sentence on thirty-five believers. The court rejects it and orders torture to be applied again |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | At 3 p.m. on 24 May 1839, nine Christians are executed outside Seosomun, including Damien Nam, Augustine Ni and Lucy Pak |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | On 7 July an edict in the regent Kim's name rebukes officials for negligence in wiping out the Christians and warns of severe punishment |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Eight people are beheaded outside Seosomun in Seoul (10th day of the 6th lunar month) |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Bishop Imbert gives himself up and arrives at the gate of Seoul, bound with red cord and treated as a traitor guilty of high treason |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | In prison Barbara Kim (24 Aug) and Anna Han (29 Aug) die after torture |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Six Christians are beheaded outside Seosomun in Seoul (26th day of the 7th lunar month) |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | The Christian village leader François Choi dies in prison from the after-effects of torture (5th day of the 8th lunar month) |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | On 21 September Bishop Imbert, Maubant and Chastan are beheaded at Saenamteo (14th day of the 8th lunar month) |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Paul Tieng and Augustin Niou are beheaded (15th day of the 8th lunar month) |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Nine people including Charles Cho are beheaded outside Seosomun (19th day of the 8th lunar month) |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Catherine Ni, Madeleine Choi and Barbara Choi die in prison (during the 8th lunar month) |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Madeleine Ni is beheaded (24th day of the 11th lunar month, possibly December) |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Philippe Choi and Pierre Niou (13 years old) are strangled in prison (9th lunar month; the text gives inconsistent days, 25th and 15th) |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | The Seoul catechist Augustin Pak is arrested (end of the 9th lunar month) |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | On the 18th day of the 10th lunar month an edict suppressing Christianity is promulgated. It is distributed nationwide in classical Chinese and Hangul and specifies the execution of believers |
| AD 1839 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Seven people including Pierre Choi are executed outside the small west gate of Seoul (24th day of the 11th lunar month) |
| AD 1839 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | On January 16, 1839 the pro-persecution faction took the lead and ordered five-household searches throughout the eight provinces, the start of the Gihae Persecution. |
| AD 1839 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | On September 21, 1839 three French priests (Imbert, Maubant, Chastan) were beheaded on the bank of the Han River. Imbert had surrendered on August 10. A believer who collected the bodies was also seized. |
| AD 1840 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Marie Ni is beheaded (27th day of the 12th lunar month, a month later) |
| AD 1841 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | In Seoul prison Antoine Kim receives 60 strokes of the cudgel and is strangled the following night (8th day of the intercalary 3rd lunar month) |
| AD 1841 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | In the 2nd lunar month of 1841, Christians who might know the hideout of Philippe T'soi are arrested and tortured |
| AD 1841 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | On the 10th day of the 8th lunar month André Heu and François Kuen are strangled (after over six months in prison; Kuen was 46) |
| AD 1841 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | On the 14th day of the 8th lunar month Anastasie Tsiang is strangled (aged 48) |
| AD 1841 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | On the 23rd day of the 9th lunar month Philippe T'soi is strangled (aged 51) |
| AD 1845 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | In 1845 Andrew Kim (André Kim) redrew a map based on an official plan from the Seoul government offices. |
| AD 1845 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Letter written by Andrew Kim in Seoul on 27 March 1845: he has bought a house in Seoul and prepared a boat, readying for Bishop Ferréol's arrival |
| AD 1845 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | On January 8, 1845 Kim Dae-geon crossed the border and reached Hanyang; three companions met him in a remote spot beyond the border. |
| AD 1846 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Father Andrew Kim Taegon is beheaded at an execution ground by the river near Hanyang |
| AD 1846 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | The king orders the judge to put the remaining eight believers to death. Charles Hien is beheaded; the other seven are strangled in prison |
| AD 1846 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Charles Hien is arrested in his home; four women are also seized with him and jailed |
| AD 1846 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Joseph Nim is ordered beaten to death; after being beaten all day he is strangled in prison |
| AD 1848 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | After the French ships leave, rumours of persecution grow, and Bishop Ferréol stops pastoral work near Hanyang and hides for a time |
| AD 1848 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | In late 1848 Thomas Choe crossed the Ai-chiu border safely and reached Hanyang a few days later; afterward religious books were printed, and 11,000 believers were recorded in 1850. |
| AD 1849 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Thomas T'soi leaves Pien-men, secretly crosses the Yalu border gate and arrives in Hanyang; Maistre remains on the Qing side |
| AD 1849 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | King Heonjong dies aged 23, and the 18-year-old new king, who had been exiled on Ganghwa Island, accedes |
| AD 1851 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | In September 1851 Father Daveluy sees the king's procession by the roadside. A visit to the late king's tomb, about four lieues from the capital |
| AD 1852 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | After the landing, the bishop's side sends someone to fetch Maistre. About 15 days later the three priests are reunited |
| AD 1853 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Bishop Ferréol dies at the bishop's residence in Seoul. The Christians move the body at night to hide the death from pagans |
| AD 1854 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Father Jansou enters in Holy Week in March. Transfers to a Korean boat and reaches Seoul several days later |
| AD 1857 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Daveluy is consecrated bishop (Bishop of Acônes). The ceremony is held secretly at Bishop Berneux's house on the night of 25 March, followed by the first synod over three days |
| AD 1857 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Father Féron arrives in Korea. After waiting in Liaodong, he boards a Chinese smuggling ship, enters along the Korean coast and reaches Bishop Berneux's house in Hanyang at dawn on 31 March |
| AD 1857 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | In autumn, national mourning for the death of the queen dowager (the king's adoptive mother). Afterward the late king's queen's side, eyeing power, tried and failed to poison the present king; two leading figures were given poison |
| AD 1857 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | On March 31, 1857 Father Pourthié came in on a Korean smuggling boat and rejoined Bishop Berneux in Hanyang; 16,500 believers were recorded that year. |
| AD 1859 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | In late September cholera strikes Hanyang; official reports say over 400,000 died nationwide |
| AD 1859 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | In late December a persecution begins in Seoul with the arrest of a wealthy Christian; rural Christian villages are also searched and plundered |
| AD 1861 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | At the 60th-birthday feast of Kim Mun-geun, father-in-law of Cheoljong, the provinces were forced to send contributions, and the Chungcheong governor was dismissed after the feast. |
| AD 1861 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | In February 1861 the return of the tribute mission confirms the fall of Beijing and the emperor's flight; fear in Seoul and the provinces |
| AD 1861 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Four French missionaries (Landre, Joanno, Ridel, Calais) enter. They leave Chefoo, wait aboard ship at Merinto island, then enter Hanyang at night |
| AD 1863 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Alexis U is baptized by Bishop Berneux (1863) |
| AD 1864 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | King Cheoljong dies (15 January 1864, reign of 14 years). Start of the change of court power afterward |
| AD 1864 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Queen Dowager Jo seizes the royal seal, puts a twelve-year-old boy on the throne and acts as regent. The Kim faction falls |
| AD 1864 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | In January 1864 Cheoljong died without an heir. Queen Dowager Jo took the royal seal and enthroned the Daewongun's 12-year-old son, beginning the Daewongun's nine years in power. |
| AD 1866 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Three Christians submit a letter to the regent saying "an alliance with France and Britain could stop Russia." The regent silently sits on the letter under his thigh |
| AD 1866 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Bishop Daveluy arrives in Seoul on 25 January 1866 and Bishop Berneux on 29 January (gathering in Seoul while preparing an audience with the regent) |
| AD 1866 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | The regent signs the edict to execute Western bishops and believers, deciding to apply the old law banning Christianity |
| AD 1866 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Bishop Berneux is arrested at his Seoul house (men climb over the wall, and the informer Ni Son-i provides a ladder). Six believers are arrested the same day |
| AD 1866 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | The house of a Seoul Christian where Father Bretenières was staying (catechist Mark Ting) is surrounded and placed under watch (25th) and he is taken to court on the 26th. The priest answers, "I came to save souls, and I will gladly die." |
| AD 1866 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | The sick Mathieu Ni starves to death at Peter Jeong's house (Seoul) |
| AD 1866 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Bishop Berneux is executed (8 March). Daveluy succeeds him as head of the vicariate the same day |
| AD 1866 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Pourthié and Petitnicolas are executed. Mark Tieng and Alexis U are executed the same day in the same place |
| AD 1866 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | Kim Gye-ho Thomas, Paul Kim and Ni are executed at Saenamteo (8 or 10 September) |
| AD 1866 | Dallet, History of the Church in Korea | The French fleet enters the Han River and anchors off Seoul (evening of 25 September) |
| AD 1866 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | In 1866 a Qing envoy spent a night in a part of the royal palace called the "Palace for the South". |
| AD 1866 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | The Byeongin Persecution of March 1866: on March 8 Bishop Berneux and three others were beheaded on the Han River bank; on March 11 two French priests and 12 seminarians; on March 30 Daveluy was beheaded. |
| AD 1866 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | Two French warships steamed up the Han River and anchored off Seoul, sounding depths and surveying heights for several days. |
| AD 1866 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | The court decided to eradicate Catholicism, ordering believers beheaded on the Han River bank, even women and children executed. |
| AD 1873 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | Gojong came of age and removed the Daewongun from power. The text says the queen backed him. |
| AD 1881 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | The conservative Confucian scholar Yi Man-son (Ni Mansun) staged a seven-day petition sit-in before the palace, demanding a halt to the opening of Incheon and to enlightenment policies. |
| AD 1882 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | During the Seoul disturbances of July 1882, the regent's title (Tai-in kun in the Japanese rendering) often appeared in Western newspapers. |
| AD 1882 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | Japanese officers (led by Lieutenant Horimoto) trained soldiers recruited in Seoul, the start of military reorganization. |
| AD 1882 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | Four days after the US-Korea treaty, the wedding of the nine-year-old crown prince (to the daughter of Jun Daegam) was held in Seoul. The procession passed through the streets. |
| AD 1882 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | On July 23, while the king was outside at a rain ritual, a mob on the Daewongun's side tried to seize him. The king fled to the palace. |
| AD 1882 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | On July 23 the riot killed Queen Min, the crown prince and princess, ministers and seven Japanese. Blood flowed in a single day. |
| AD 1882 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | At 5:50 pm on July 23 the mob attacked the Japanese legation, firing guns, arrows and stones and setting it ablaze. The Japanese burned what remained of the building and broke through the encirclement with swords and pistols. |
| AD 1882 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | Under Japanese military escort, Hanabusa re-entered Seoul on August 16. The Koreans received him with courtesy. |
| AD 1882 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | On August 20 Hanabusa had an audience with the king and presented the Japanese government's demands. |
| AD 1882 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | With no firm answer to the demands, Hanabusa left Seoul by ship on August 25, a show of force. |
| AD 1882 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | After receiving the Daewongun's apology, Hanabusa returned to Seoul on August 30. Korea accepted all Japanese demands. |
| AD 1882 | Griffis, Corea, the Hermit Nation | New York Tribune telegram of October 2 (news up to September 13): the Korean government pledged to arrest and punish the rebels within 20 days and to meet Japan's terms, including indemnity and an apology mission. |