Behistun Inscription: a Standard history source. Covers 522 BC – 519 BC, with 40 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.
| Type | Standard history |
|---|---|
| Viewpoint | Insider account |
| Years covered | 522 BC – 519 BC |
| Events | 40 events, 34 placed on the map |
| Author | 다리우스 1세 |
| Original title | Bīsitūn / Behistun inscription (Old Persian, Elamite, Akkadian) |
Regions: West Asia 32 · Central Asia 5 · South Asia 3
| Year | Place | Event | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 522 BC | Paishiyauvada, Arakadrish(산) | The Magian priest Gaumata rebels from Mount Arakadri in Paishiyauvada, deceiving people by claiming "I am Smerdis, son of Cyrus" | §11 (Col. I 35-39) |
| 522 BC | (장소 불명) | Gaumata seizes Persia, Media and all other provinces and takes the throne; then Cambyses dies by his own hand | §11 (Col. I 40-44) |
| 522 BC | Sikayauvatish 성채, Nisaya 지구(메디아) | With a small force, Darius kills Gaumata and his chief followers at the fortress of Sikayauvatish in the Nisaya district of Media, and becomes king | §13 (Col. I 50-61) |
| 522 BC | Susiana | Atrina (son of Upadarma) rebels in Susiana, saying "I am king of Susiana," and the Susianians join him | §16 (Col. I 73-77) |
| 522 BC | Babylon | Nidintu-Bel rebels in Babylon, saying "I am Nebuchadnezzar, son of Nabonidus"; all Babylonia joins him and he seizes the kingship | §16 (Col. I 77-81) |
| 522 BC | Susiana | Darius sends an army to Susiana; Atrina is brought in chains and executed | §17 (Col. I 81-83) |
| 522 BC | 티그리스 강(바빌로니아) | Darius marches on Babylon; Nidintu-Bel's army holds the Tigris and has ships, but Darius crosses the river and defeats it | §18 (Col. I 83-89) |
| 522 BC | Zazana (유프라테스 연안) | Nidintu-Bel fights a second decisive battle at the city of Zazana on the Euphrates; the enemy plunges into the water and is swept away | §19 (Col. I 89-96) |
| 522 BC | Babylon | Nidintu-Bel flees to Babylon with a few horsemen, but Darius takes Babylon and executes him there | §20 (Col. II 1-5) |
| 522 BC – 521 BC | Media | Phraortes of Media rebels, saying "I am Khshathrita of the family of Cyaxares"; the Medes at court join him and he becomes king | §24 (Col. II 13-17) |
| 521 BC | Babylon | While Darius is in Babylon, Persia, Susiana, Media, Assyria, Egypt, Parthia, Margiana, Sattagydia and the Scythians revolt | §21 (Col. II 5-8) |
| 521 BC | Kuganaka(페르시아) | Martiya (son of Cicikhrish) rebels in the Persian city of Kugananaka and in Susiana calls himself "Ummanish, king of Susiana" | §22 (Col. II 8-11) |
| 521 BC | Susiana | The Susianians, fearing Darius, seize their leader Martiya and kill him | §23 (Col. II 11-13) |
| 521 BC | Marush(메디아의 시) | Hydarnes, sent by Darius, defeats the Median rebels in battle at the Median city of Marush | §25 (Col. II 18-26) |
| 521 BC | Zuzza(아르메니아) | The Armenian Dadarshish first defeats the rebels at Zuzza in Armenia | §26 (Col. II 29-38) |
| 521 BC | Tigra 성채(아르메니아) | The rebels regroup and fight at the fortress of Tigra in Armenia, but Dadarshish wins | §27 (Col. II 38-42) |
| 521 BC | Uyama 성채(아르메니아) | For the third time the rebels gather and fight at the fortress of Uyama and are defeated; Dadarshish waits in Armenia until Darius comes to Media | §28 (Col. II 43-48) |
| 521 BC | Izata (아시리아 지방) | The Persian Vaumisa goes to Armenia and first defeats the rebels at Izzitu in Assyria | §29 (Col. II 48-56) |
| 521 BC | Autiyara(아르메니아) | The rebels gather a second time and fight at Autiyara in Armenia, but Vaumisa wins and awaits Darius | §30 (Col. II 57-64) |
| 521 BC | Kundurush(메디아의 시) | Darius leaves Babylon, reaches Media, and defeats Phraortes' army at Kundurush | §31 (Col. II 64-70) |
| 521 BC | Raga(메디아) | Phraortes flees with a few horsemen to Rhagae in Media, and Darius sends an army after him | §32 (Col. II 70-73) |
| 521 BC | Ecbatana | Phraortes is captured; his nose, ears and tongue are cut off and his eyes put out; he is kept in chains at court, then impaled at Ecbatana, and his chief followers are imprisoned in the fortress | §32 (Col. II 73-78) |
| 521 BC | Sagartia | Cicantakhma of Sagartia rebels, saying "I am king of Sagartia, of the family of Cyaxares" | §33 (Col. II 78-81) |
| 521 BC | Arbela | The Mede Takhmaspada defeats Cicantakhma's army and brings him in; Darius cuts off his nose and ears, puts out his eyes, and impales him at Arbela | §33 (Col. II 81-90) |
| 521 BC | Parthia | Parthia and Hyrcania revolt against Darius and side with Phraortes, and the army of his father Hystaspes also defects | §35 (Col. II 92-95) |
| 521 BC | Vishpauzatish(파르티아) | Hystaspes fights the rebels at Vishpauzatish in Parthia and wins | §35 (Col. II 95-98 / Col. III 1) |
| 521 BC | Patigrabana(파르티아) | Darius sends a Persian army from Rhagae, and Hystaspes crushes the rebels at Patigrabana in Parthia | §36 (Col. III 1-9) |
| 521 BC | Margiana | Margiana revolts and makes Frada its leader; Darius sends Dadarshish, satrap of Bactria | §38 (Col. III 10-15) |
| 521 BC | Margiana | Dadarshish, satrap of Bactria, fights the Margianians and defeats them | §38 (Col. III 15-20) |
| 521 BC | Tarava(Yautiya 지방, 페르시아) | Vahyazdata rebels a second time in the city of Tarava in the Yautiya district of Persia, claiming "I am Bardiya, son of Cyrus," and calls himself king | §40 (Col. III 21-28) |
| 521 BC | Rakha(페르시아) | Artavardiya, sent by Darius, defeats Vahyazdata's army at the Persian city of Rakha | §41 (Col. III 29-40) |
| 521 BC | Paraga 산 | Vahyazdata flees to Paishiyauvada, returns with an army and fights at Mount Parga, but is defeated and captured | §42 (Col. III 41-49) |
| 521 BC | Uvadaicaya(페르시아) | Darius impales Vahyazdata and his chief followers in the Persian city of Uvadaicaya | §43 (Col. III 49-52) |
| 521 BC | Kapishakanish 요새(아라코시아) | The army sent by Vahyazdata fights Vivana, satrap of Arachosia, at the fortress of Kapishakani, but Vivana wins | §45 (Col. III 54-63) |
| 521 BC | Dubala → Babylon | The Armenian Arakha (son of Haldita) rebels in Dubala, claiming "I am Nebuchadnezzar," and becomes the second king of Babylon | §49 (Col. III 77-83) |
| 521 BC | Babylon | Intaphernes, sent by Darius, defeats the Babylonians and orders Arakha and his chief followers seized and impaled at Babylon | §50 (Col. III 83-92) |
| 520 BC | Gandutava(아라코시아) | The rebels regroup and fight Vivana at Gandutava, but are defeated | §46 (Col. III 63-69) |
| 520 BC | Arshada 요새(아라코시아) | The rebel commander flees with a few horsemen to the fortress of Arshada; Vivana pursues and captures him and executes his followers | §47 (Col. III 69-75) |
| 520 BC | Susiana | Susiana rebels again and makes [Amanimita] its leader; the Persian Gobryas leads an army, seizes the leader, sends him to Darius, and has him executed | §71 (Col. V 2-14) |
| 519 BC | Scythia | Darius campaigns against the Scythians (the text is heavily damaged: crossing of the Tigris and the sea is mentioned), killing Scythians and taking the rest prisoner; the one brought in chains is executed and a man called [ ]kha is also captured | §74 (Col. V 20-30) |