Historia Augusta: a Chronicle / record source. Covers AD 76 – 285, with 248 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.
| Type | Chronicle / record |
|---|---|
| Viewpoint | Insider account |
| Years covered | AD 76 – 285 |
| Events | 248 events, 158 placed on the map |
| Author | Scriptores Historiae Augustae (전통적으로 6인; Magie 영역) |
| Original title | Historia Augusta |
Regions: Southern Europe 127 · West Asia 30 · Egypt & North Africa 12 · Western Europe 7
| Year | Place | Event | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| AD 76 | Rome | Hadrian is born in Rome (in the year of Vespasian's 7th and Titus's 5th consulship) Pending | Hadr. 1.3 |
| AD 86 | Lanuvium | Antoninus is born on his estate at Lanuvium and raised at Lorium on the Via Aurelia Pending | Ant. P. 1.8 |
| AD 96 | Near the end of Domitian's reign, Hadrian is transferred to the province of Lower Moesia Pending | Hadr. 2.3 | |
| AD 97 | When Trajan is adopted by Nerva, Hadrian goes to convey the army's congratulations and is transferred to Upper Germany Pending | Hadr. 2.5 | |
| AD 105 – 106 | In the Second Dacian War, Trajan takes Hadrian along and gives him command of the First Legion Minervia Pending | Hadr. 3.6 | |
| AD 107 | Sent as an envoy of praetorian rank to Lower Pannonia, he holds off the Sarmatians and restores military discipline Pending | Hadr. 3.9 | |
| AD 117 | Antioch | Hadrian, governor of Syria, hears of his adoption by Trajan | Hadr. 4.6 |
| AD 117 | The peoples conquered by Trajan revolt, and unrest breaks out in Mauretania, Sarmatia, Britain, Egypt, Libya and Palestine | Hadr. 5.2 | |
| AD 117 – 118 | He strips Lusius Quietus of his command and dismisses him, and appoints Marcius Turbo to put down the revolt in Mauretania | Hadr. 5.8 | |
| AD 117 | Antioch | He leaves Antioch to receive Trajan's remains and sends them by ship to Rome, then returns to Antioch, appoints Catilius Severus governor of Syria, and heads for Rome via Illyricum | Hadr. 5.9, 5.10 |
| AD 118 | On news of an invasion by the Sarmatians and Roxolani, he sends the army ahead and sets out for Moesia Pending | Hadr. 6.6 | |
| AD 118 | Tarracina | Palma, implicated in the conspiracy, is executed at Tarracina (by decree of the Senate, against Hadrian's wishes) | Hadr. 7.2 |
| AD 118 | Baiae | Celsus, implicated in the conspiracy, is executed at Baiae | Hadr. 7.2 |
| AD 118 | Faventia | Nigrinus, implicated in the conspiracy, is executed at Faventia | Hadr. 7.2 |
| AD 118 | Rome | He leaves command in Dacia to Turbo and hurries to Rome to calm public opinion | Hadr. 7.3 |
| AD 118 | Rome | He cancels private debts and arrears of taxes and burns the debt records in Trajan's Forum | Hadr. 7.6 |
| AD 118 | He gives up several provinces won by Trajan, and over objections tears down a theater Trajan had built | Hadr. 9.1 | |
| AD 118 – 138 | Rome | In Rome he restores the Pantheon, basilicas, the Forum of Augustus and more, builds Hadrian's Bridge and Mausoleum, and moves the colossus with the architect Decrianus and 24 elephants | Hadr. 19.10, 19.11, 19.12 |
| AD 121 | He tours the Gallic provinces, bestowing favors on many communities Pending | Hadr. 10.1 | |
| AD 121 | He crosses from Gaul into Germany, drills the troops and lives on the same camp fare as the soldiers Pending | Hadr. 10.2 | |
| AD 121 | Rome | Marcus is born in his house on the Caelian Hill in Rome Pending | Marc. 1.5 |
| AD 122 | Hadrian's Wall | He crosses to Britain, corrects abuses, and first builds an 80-mile wall separating the barbarians from the Romans | Hadr. 11.2 |
| AD 122 | Alexandria | After settling Britain he crosses to Gaul; he hears of unrest in Alexandria over the Apis god Pending | Hadr. 12.1 |
| AD 122 – 123 | Tarraco | He goes to Hispania, winters at Tarraco, and restores the Temple of Augustus at his own expense Pending | Hadr. 12.3 |
| AD 123 | When war with Parthia is in preparation, Hadrian heads it off by meeting the Parthian king in person Pending | Hadr. 12.8 | |
| AD 124 | Eleusis | He travels through Asia and the islands to Greece, is initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries, benefits the Athenians and presides over the games | Hadr. 13.1 |
| AD 128 | He returns to Rome, then crosses to Africa and bestows favors on the province | Hadr. 13.4 | |
| AD 128 | Athens | Soon after returning from Africa he leaves for the East; via Athens he dedicates the Temple of Olympian Zeus and his own altar, and in Asia a temple named after himself | Hadr. 13.6 |
| AD 129 | He offers friendship to minor princes and kings, and promises Parthian king Osroes the return of his daughter and his throne Pending | Hadr. 13.8 | |
| AD 129 | Antioch | On his tour, disliking the people of Antioch, he tries to split Phoenicia off from Syria Pending | Hadr. 14.1 |
| AD 130 | Pelusium | Passing through Arabia he reaches Pelusium and rebuilds Pompey's tomb more grandly Pending | Hadr. 14.4 |
| AD 130 | Rome | Lucius Verus is born in Rome during his father's praetorship Pending | Ver. 1.8 |
| AD 132 | The Jews go to war over the ban on circumcision | Hadr. 14.2 | |
| AD 136 | Rome | Despite opposition he adopts Ceionius Commodus (Aelius Verus) and gives circus games and donatives | Hadr. 23.11, 23.12 |
| AD 136 – 138 | Shortly before his death he forces the 90-year-old Servianus to take his own life and orders the execution of many for petty faults, but Antoninus spares them | Hadr. 25.8 | |
| AD 138 | Rome | After the death of Aelius Verus, a gravely ill Hadrian adopts Antoninus (later Pius), on condition that Antoninus adopt Annius Verus and Marcus Antoninus | Hadr. 24.1 |
| AD 138 | Baiae | Hadrian leaves affairs of state to Antoninus and departs for Baiae | Hadr. 25.5 |
| AD 138 | Rome | Aelius Verus finishes his speech of thanks on January 1, drinks a potion and dies that same day | Ael. 4.7 |
| AD 138 – 161 | Through his legates he has the Mauri sue for peace, subdues the Germans, Dacians and Jews, quells revolts in Achaea and Egypt, and checks Alan raids | Ant. P. 5.4, 5.5 | |
| AD 138 – 161 | Antioch | During his reign an earthquake destroys cities in Rhodes and Asia, a great fire strikes Rome, and the forums of Narbo, Antioch and Carthage also burn (the emperor restores everything) Pending | Ant. P. 9.1, 9.2 |
| AD 138 – 161 | Carthage | The forum of Carthage is destroyed by fire Pending | Ant. P. 9.2 |
| AD 139 | Puteoli | Antoninus builds a temple to Hadrian at Puteoli in place of a tomb and establishes quinquennial games Pending | Hadr. 27.3 |
| AD 141 | Rome | When his wife Faustina dies (year 3 of his reign), the Senate deifies her and decrees games, a temple and priests | Ant. P. 6.7 |
| AD 142 | Antonine Wall | His legate Lollius Urbicus subdues the Britons, drives out the barbarians and builds a second wall (of turf) | Ant. P. 5.4 |
| AD 161 | Lorium | Antoninus dies at age 70; he is said to have eaten Alpine cheese, vomited at night and fallen into a fever the next day | Ant. P. 12.4 |
| AD 161 | Rome | Taking power under pressure from the Senate, Marcus makes his brother Lucius Verus Caesar and Augustus, his co-emperor | Marc. 7.5 |
| AD 161 – 162 | After the defeat of Attidius Cornelianus, Vologases declares the Parthian War, and war also threatens in Britain, Germany and Raetia | Marc. 8.6, 8.7 | |
| AD 161 | Lanuvium | Commodus is born at Lanuvium together with his twin Antoninus Pending | Comm. 1.2 |
| AD 162 | Canusium | He sends Lucius to the Parthian War and hurries to Canusium to see the ailing Lucius Pending | Marc. 8.9, 8.11 |
| AD 162 – 165 | Antioch | Arriving in Syria, Verus lives in pleasure, gladiators and hunting at Antioch and Daphne, yet the war is fought through his subordinates and he is acclaimed imperator Pending | Marc. 8.12 |
| AD 162 | Capua | When Verus sets out for the Parthian War, Marcus sees him off as far as Capua Pending | Ver. 6.7 |
| AD 162 | Canusium | Verus gorges himself at villas along the way from Capua and falls gravely ill at Canusium Pending | Ver. 6.7 |
| AD 162 – 163 | Athens | While legions are massacred and Syria wavers, Verus hunts in Apulia, tours Athens and Corinth with a troupe of musicians, and lingers in the coastal cities of Asia Pending | Ver. 6.9 |
| AD 163 | Artaxata | The Armenian campaign under Statius Priscus succeeds, Artaxata is taken, and both emperors receive the title Armeniacus | Marc. 9.1 |
| AD 163 | Rome | Severus, who spoke publicly at age 18, comes to Rome to study and obtains the broad purple stripe from Marcus Pending | Sev. 1.5 |
| AD 164 | Ephesus | He goes back to Ephesus to meet his wife Lucilla (intended to keep Marcus from coming to Syria himself) Pending | Ver. 7.7 |
| AD 165 – 166 | The plague is said to have spread from the golden casket in Apollo's temple at Babylon to Parthia and the whole world Tradition | Ver. 8.2 | |
| AD 165 | Seleucia on the Tigris | The historian Quadratus's interpretation is cited, blaming the Seleucians for breaking the truce first (the Seleucia affair) | Ver. 8.4 |
| AD 166 | Rome | Lucius demands that Marcus share the triumph, and the two emperors hold a triumph (after Lucius's death Marcus took only the title Germanicus) | Marc. 12.8, 12.9 |
| AD 166 – 167 | The long-postponed Marcomannic War breaks out before the Parthian War has ended | Marc. 12.13 | |
| AD 166 | Rome | Reluctant to leave Syria, he returns to Rome and shares the triumph with his brother | Ver. 7.9 |
| AD 168 | Aquileia | The two emperors set out in military dress and march as far as Aquileia; as several kings withdraw, they cross the Alps and finish fortifying Italy and Illyricum | Marc. 14.1, 14.2, 14.6 |
| AD 168 – 176 | Amid a spreading plague, he subdues the Marcomanni, Sarmatians, Vandals and Quadi, frees Pannonia, and celebrates a triumph in Rome with Commodus | Marc. 17.2, 17.3 | |
| AD 168 | Aquileia | When the Germanic war breaks out, the two emperors go to the front together, reach Aquileia and cross the Alps; at Aquileia Lucius does nothing but hunt and feast | Ver. 9.7, 9.8 |
| AD 169 | On the way back, Lucius suffers a stroke while riding in a carriage with his brother, and dies | Marc. 14.8 | |
| AD 169 | Rome | He brings his brother's body to Rome and lays it in the ancestral tomb Pending | Marc. 20.1 |
| AD 169 | Aquileia | Once the Pannonian war is settled, at Lucius's urging they go back to Aquileia and hurry on to the city Pending | Ver. 9.10 |
| AD 170 – 173 | He defeats the Marcomanni crossing the Danube and recovers the plunder; peoples from Illyricum to Gaul had massed, but he accepts the Marcomanni's surrender and brings many of them to Italy | Marc. 21.10, 22.1, 22.2 | |
| AD 172 | Avidius Cassius checks the Bucolici warriors who were causing unrest in Egypt | Marc. 21.2 | |
| AD 172 | Governing Belgica, he holds off the Chauci on the Elbe, who were trying to break through the frontier, with improvised auxiliary forces Pending | Did. 1.7 | |
| AD 175 | As Marcus is about to make Marcomannia and Sarmatia provinces, Avidius Cassius proclaims himself emperor in the East (said to be Faustina's wish, or because he spread a rumor of Marcus's death) | Marc. 24.6, 24.7 | |
| AD 175 | Marcus abandons the war and sets out against Cassius; Rome is gripped by fear, but Cassius is soon killed and his head sent | Marc. 25.1, 25.2 | |
| AD 175 | Alexandria | Maecianus, Cassius's partisan in charge of Alexandria, is killed by the army Pending | Marc. 25.4 |
| AD 175 – 176 | Antioch | He pardons the citizens of Antioch who sided with Cassius; on the way to Syria he refused to visit Antioch and Cyrrhus, but later visits Antioch | Marc. 25.8, 25.11, 25.12 |
| AD 175 | In the East, Cassius proclaims himself emperor (said to be Faustina's wish, in despair over Marcus's illness) | Avid. 7.1 | |
| AD 175 | Cassius is killed with the consent of everyone but the people of Antioch | Avid. 7.8 | |
| AD 176 | Alexandria | In Egypt he behaves like a private citizen and philosopher, pardons the Alexandrians who had backed Cassius, and leaves his daughter there | Marc. 26.3 |
| AD 176 | Athens | After settling the East he comes to Athens and is initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries | Marc. 27.1 |
| AD 176 | Rome | He reaches Rome, celebrates a triumph, and hurries to Lavinium | Marc. 27.4 |
| AD 176 – 178 | He goes to Syria and Egypt with his father, returns to Rome, then sets out with his father for the Germanic war | Comm. 2.3, 2.5 | |
| AD 176 | Rome | He is acclaimed imperator with his father and holds a triumph | Comm. 2.4 |
| AD 178 – 180 | For the next three years he fights the Marcomanni, Hermunduri, Sarmatians and Quadi; it is said that had he lived one more year he would have made them provinces | Marc. 27.10 | |
| AD 180 | Falling ill, Marcus calls his son and urges him not to take the remaining war lightly, then dies | Marc. 28.1 | |
| AD 180 | Rome | He ends the war his father had nearly finished on the enemy's terms, returns to Rome, and rides in a triumphal procession with Saoterus | Comm. 3.5, 3.6 |
| AD 180 – 185 | Tarraco | In Hispania he dreams that he must repair the crumbling Temple of Augustus at Tarraco, and of seeing Rome and the world from a high mountain Fiction | Sev. 3.4, 3.5 |
| AD 185 | In the British war, for dismissing senators and placing equestrians in command of the army, Perennis is declared a public enemy on the army's report and handed over to the soldiers, who kill him | Comm. 6.2 | |
| AD 185 – 187 | He puts down a revolt in Britain but nearly dies in a mutiny of the legions (left for dead among corpses) Pending | Pert. 3.8 | |
| AD 186 – 192 | Carthage | He fits out an African fleet and, in jest, renames Carthage 'Alexandria Commodiana Togata' | Comm. 17.8 |
| AD 188 – 189 | Carthage | As governor of Africa, helped by the prophetic verses of the temple of Caelestis, he puts down many revolts, and then becomes urban prefect Pending | Pert. 4.2 |
| AD 190 | Rome | Unable to withstand the angry citizens, Commodus hands Cleander over to the crowd to be punished | Comm. 7.1 |
| AD 193 | Rome | The people and Senate demand that Commodus's body be dragged with a hook and thrown into the Tiber, but on Pertinax's order it is laid in Hadrian's Mausoleum | Comm. 17.4 |
| AD 193 | Rome | At night he goes to the Senate and sits in the Temple of Concordia; Pompeianus urges him to take the throne but he declines; in the morning the senators crowd in and acclaim him emperor | Pert. 4.9, 4.10, 4.11 |
| AD 193 | Rome | Pertinax is killed on March 28 (original: five days before the Kalends of April); aged 60 | Pert. 15.6 |
| AD 193 | Rome | After Pertinax's death, Julianus finds the Senate closed, is brought by two tribunes to the praetorian camp, and contends with Sulpicianus for the throne | Did. 2.4, 2.5, 2.6 |
| AD 193 | Rome | After a soldiers' assembly he goes to the Senate in the evening and puts himself in its hands unconditionally; the Senate acclaims him emperor and grants him tribunician and proconsular power | Did. 3.3 |
| AD 193 | Niger in Syria and Severus in Illyricum each revolt against Julianus with their armies; Julianus sends a centurion to assassinate Niger | Did. 5.1, 5.2 | |
| AD 193 | Ravenna | At the height of Julianus's power, Severus seizes the fleet at Ravenna, and the Senate's envoys go over to Severus Pending | Did. 6.3 |
| AD 193 | Rome | Through the efforts of the Senate's delegation, Julianus is killed in the palace by an ordinary soldier | Did. 8.8 |
| AD 193 | Severus leaves garrisons in the rear provinces and marches on Rome; the legions of Illyricum and Gaul are already on his side | Sev. 5.3 | |
| AD 193 | Rome | He enters Rome under arms, ascends the Capitol and the palace, and the next day goes to the Senate with armed soldiers and friends to explain why he seized imperial power | Sev. 7.1, 7.4 |
| AD 193 | Rome | Fearing Niger might cut off grain supplies from Libya and Egypt, he sends an army to Africa, and leaves Rome again within 30 days of arriving Pending | Sev. 8.7, 8.8 |
| AD 193 | Byzantium | Niger, who already holds Byzantium, moves against the legion Severus sent to occupy Greece and Thrace, aiming at Perinthus, and kills many | Sev. 8.12, 8.13 |
| AD 193 | Cyzicus | Aemilianus is defeated at the Hellespont by Severus's generals, flees to Cyzicus and then to another city, and dies Pending | Sev. 8.16 |
| AD 193 | Antioch | In Syria the army acclaims Pescennius Niger imperator (said to be out of hostility toward Julianus) | Pesc. 2.1 |
| AD 193 – 211 | Rome | Severus builds the Septizodium, the Baths of Severus and more in Rome (the Septimian Baths were useless because the aqueduct collapsed) | Sev. 19.5 |
| AD 194 | Cyzicus | Niger is beaten once under Aemilianus's command, then loses a second time when he stands against Severus, is wounded near Lake Cyzicus, is brought before Severus, and soon dies | Pesc. 5.7, 5.8 |
| AD 195 | Campaigning in Arabia, he brings Parthia and Adiabene, which had backed Niger, back under control | Sev. 9.9 | |
| AD 195 – 197 | Returning from the Niger affair, Severus hears that Clodius Albinus has revolted in Gaul; several of Albinus's men surrender or are arrested | Sev. 10.1, 10.8 | |
| AD 196 – 197 | When the plot is exposed, Albinus gathers a large army and advances, winning the first clash against Severus's generals, but later Severus comes to Gaul in person and fights a fierce battle | Clod. 8.4 | |
| AD 197 | Tinurtium (Tournus) | After some back-and-forth in Gaul, Severus scores his first success against Albinus at Tinurtium | Sev. 10.8, 11.5 |
| AD 197 | Rome | After giving gladiatorial games and a donative, he sets out for the Parthian War | Sev. 14.11 |
| AD 197 | Brundisium | Severus ships his army from Brundisium and reaches Syria without a pause, driving the Parthians back Pending | Sev. 15.2 |
| AD 198 | Ctesiphon | As summer ends he invades Parthia, defeats the king, reaches Ctesiphon, and takes the city in early winter | Sev. 16.1 |
| AD 198 | After the Parthian War, at the glorious time when Severus made Bassianus co-ruler, he gives Geta the title Caesar | Geta 5.3 | |
| AD 199 | Alexandria | He permits the Alexandrians a local senate | Sev. 17.2 |
| AD 200 | Memphis | On his tour of Egypt he takes part in the cult of Serapis and visits Memphis, Memnon, the pyramids and the Labyrinth | Sev. 17.4 |
| AD 208 – 211 | He builds a wall across Britain from sea to sea, securing the province, and receives the title 'Britannicus' | Sev. 18.2 | |
| AD 208 | Arca (Caesarea Libani) | Alexander is born in the temple at Arca on the festival day of the temple of Alexander the Great, and takes his name from it Tradition | Alex. Sev. 5.1 |
| AD 209 – 211 | Carlisle | Returning from inspecting the wall at Luguvalium, he is met by an Ethiopian jester holding a cypress wreath Pending | Sev. 22.4 |
| AD 211 | York | In the 18th year of his reign, old and gravely ill, Severus dies at Eboracum in Britain | Sev. 19.1 |
| AD 211 | Rome | After his father's death Caracalla complains at the praetorian camp that his brother is plotting, then kills his brother in the palace and has the body burned at once | Carac. 2.4 |
| AD 212 | Rome | Patruinus is killed in front of the Temple of Pius, and Papinian and his son (a quaestor) are also killed, their bodies dragged through the streets | Carac. 4.2 |
| AD 212 – 216 | Rome | He builds the Baths of Caracalla in Rome; the architects said the circular chamber (cella soliaris) could not be reproduced | Carac. 9.4 |
| AD 213 | He leaves Rome for Gaul and kills the governor of Narbonensis as soon as he arrives Pending | Carac. 5.1 | |
| AD 213 | Preparing an Eastern campaign, he breaks off and stays in Dacia; in Raetia he kills a number of natives and gives the soldiers a donative | Carac. 5.4 | |
| AD 213 | After defeating the Germans, he takes the title 'Germanicus' | Carac. 5.6 | |
| AD 214 | Crossing to Asia through Thrace, his ship's mast breaks; he transfers to a barge and is rescued Pending | Carac. 5.8 | |
| AD 215 | Alexandria | He orders soldiers to kill their hosts, causing a great massacre in Alexandria | Carac. 6.3 |
| AD 216 | Passing through the lands of the Cadusii and Babylonia, he wages guerrilla warfare with Parthian satraps and looses wild beasts upon the enemy | Carac. 6.4 | |
| AD 216 – 217 | Edessa | He winters at Edessa and plans to resume the war with Parthia | Carac. 6.6 |
| AD 217 | Carrhae | On the way to Carrhae, he dismounts to urinate and is assassinated by his bodyguards in a plot by the praetorian prefect Macrinus (date per Carac. 6.6: eight days before the Ides of April) | Carac. 7.1 |
| AD 217 | After Caracalla's murder, the praetorian prefect Opellius Macrinus seizes imperial power and takes the name 'Severus' or 'Antoninus' | Macr. 2.1 | |
| AD 217 – 218 | He fights Parthia with a large army but is defeated; when Artabanus takes revenge he sues for peace, which is soon accepted | Macr. 8.1, 8.3 | |
| AD 217 – 218 | Emesa | After his father dies in Macrinus's plot, he seeks protection in the temple of the god Elagabal Tradition | Heliog. 2.3 |
| AD 218 | Antioch | He goes to Antioch and gives himself over to pleasure, giving the army a pretext to kill him | Macr. 8.4 |
| AD 218 | Emesa | Camped near Antioch, Macrinus underestimates the women's boldness and gives the praetorian prefect Julianus a legion to besiege them | Macr. 10.1 |
| AD 218 | Macrinus, beaten in battle by the army backing Elagabalus, flees with his son but is killed in a village in Bithynia | Macr. 10.3 | |
| AD 218 – 219 | Nicomedia | While he winters at Nicomedia, the soldiers regret their choice and begin to turn toward his cousin Alexander | Heliog. 5.1 |
| AD 219 | Rome | On entering Rome he neglects provincial affairs, installs the god Elagabal on the Palatine and builds a temple | Heliog. 3.4 |
| AD 221 | Rome | Regretting his adoption of Alexander, he casts him off and orders the Senate to strip him of the title Caesar, but only silence follows | Heliog. 13.1, 13.2 |
| AD 222 | Rome | Elagabalus's body will not fit down the sewer, so it is weighted and thrown into the Tiber from the Aemilian Bridge | Heliog. 17.2 |
| AD 222 | Rome | On the day before the Nones of March, at a Senate meeting in the Temple of Concordia, Alexander receives the title Augustus | Alex. Sev. 6.2 |
| AD 231 | Antioch | He disbands the legion that had been carousing at Daphne, then reinstates it 30 days later before leaving for the Persian campaign, and executes the tribunes Pending | Alex. Sev. 54.7 |
| AD 232 | He marches against Persia with a large army and, personally commanding the wing, defeats King Artaxerxes (HA account: 700 elephants, 1,800 scythed chariots) Tradition | Alex. Sev. 55.1, 55.2 | |
| AD 232 | Antioch | Right after the battle he returns to Antioch and distributes the spoils to the soldiers Pending | Alex. Sev. 55.2 |
| AD 232 – 233 | News of victory also reaches Rome from Mauretania Tingitana, Illyricum, Armenia and Isauria Pending | Alex. Sev. 58.1 | |
| AD 233 | Rome | Back in Rome he holds a grand triumph and reports to the Senate that he has 'conquered Persia' (recorded as September 25) | Alex. Sev. 56.1, 56.2 |
| AD 234 | Rome | As he leaves for the Germanic war, citizens and senators see him off for 100 to 150 miles | Alex. Sev. 59.1 |
| AD 235 | Camped with a small force at a village called Sicilia in Britain (or Gaul), he is killed by his soldiers | Alex. Sev. 59.6 | |
| AD 235 | After Alexander's death Maximinus is acclaimed Augustus by the army without a Senate decree, and his son becomes co-ruler | Max. duo 8.1 | |
| AD 235 – 236 | Leading the whole army across the Rhine, he burns villages 30 to 40 miles into Germany and fights a kind of naval battle in the marshes | Max. duo 11.7, 12.1, 12.4 | |
| AD 236 | Sirmium | With Germany pacified, he goes to Sirmium for the Sarmatian war | Max. duo 13.3 |
| AD 238 | Thysdrus | Gordian, reluctant at first, then accepts the throne and is proclaimed Augustus with his son by the Africans at Thysdrus | Max. duo 14.3 |
| AD 238 | Carthage | From Thysdrus he goes straight to Carthage and sends a letter to the Senate | Max. duo 14.4 |
| AD 238 | Rome | In Rome informers, accusers and friends of Maximinus are executed, and the urban prefect Sabinus is beaten to death by the mob Pending | Max. duo 15.1 |
| AD 238 | Rome | On June 26 (six days before the Kalends), the Senate meets in the Temple of Castor and Pollux and reads Gordian's letter from Africa | Max. duo 16.1 |
| AD 238 | Carthage | Capelianus gathers Mauri troops and comes to Carthage to fight; the young Gordian, poorly trained, is defeated and dies in the same battle | Gord. 15.1, 15.3 |
| AD 238 | Rome | Maximus and Balbinus are acclaimed Augusti by the people and Gordian's grandson becomes Caesar; after Maximus leaves, clashes between the praetorians and citizens burn most of the city Tradition | Max. duo 20.2, 20.6 |
| AD 238 | Rome | After sacrifices and games, Maximus makes vows on the Capitol and sets out with a large army against Maximinus Tradition | Max. Balb. 8.4 |
| AD 238 | Emona | Maximinus, advancing into Italy, is enraged to hear that Maximus has been sent and draws up his battle line at Emona Pending | Max. duo 21.1 |
| AD 238 | Aquileia | When Maximinus reaches Aquileia, the gates are shut and the consulars Menophilus and Crispinus defend it; he crosses the river on a bridge of wine casks and besieges the city Tradition | Max. duo 21.6, 22.4, 22.6 |
| AD 238 | Aquileia | In a neighboring city Maximinus's portraits are thrown down and the praetorian prefect is killed, and Maximinus's head is carried through Italy to Rome | Max. duo 23.7, 24.4 |
| AD 238 | Ravenna | At Ravenna, Maximus is preparing Germanic auxiliaries when he hears the army has come over to his side; he dismisses the auxiliaries and sends a laurelled letter to Rome Tradition | Max. duo 24.5 |
| AD 238 | Rome | It is decided that Maximus will campaign against Parthia and Balbinus against the Germans, but the soldiers acclaim the young Gordian Augustus and go to the camp | Max. Balb. 13.5, 14.7 |
| AD 238 | Histria | At this time the Carpi go to war with the Moesians, the Scythian war begins, and the city of Histria is destroyed Tradition | Max. Balb. 16.3 |
| AD 238 | Rome | Maximus and Balbinus are killed in a soldiers' riot and Gordian III becomes Augustus (the HA says they reigned two years) | Gord. 22.5 |
| AD 240 | Carthage | Sabinianus revolts against Gordian III in Africa, but the governor of Mauretania suppresses it and the rebels come to Carthage and surrender Pending | Gord. 23.4 |
| AD 242 | Rome | He opens the gates of Janus, sets out on the Persian campaign, marches into Moesia, and drives off the enemy in Thrace | Gord. 26.3, 26.4 |
| AD 243 | Antioch | From Thrace through Syria, he wins one victory after another at Antioch, which Persia had occupied, and drives out Shapur Pending | Gord. 26.5 |
| AD 243 | Nisibis | He recovers Artaxata (Artaxanna), Antioch, Carrhae, Nisibis and other places that had fallen under Persian control Pending | Gord. 26.6 |
| AD 244 | Circesium | Beside the camp near Circesium inside Persian territory, the soldiers build Gordian's tomb and carve an inscription in five languages Tradition | Gord. 34.2 |
| AD 254 – 260 | Mainz | Aurelian, tribune of the Sixth Legion Gallica, defeats the Franks ravaging Gaul at Mainz, killing 700 and selling 300 into slavery Tradition | Aurel. 7.1 |
| AD 255 – 258 | Byzantium | Seated in the public baths at Byzantium, Valerian thanks Ulpius Crinitus for giving Aurelian as his deputy, and praises before the army his service in saving the state from the Goths Pending | Aurel. 10.3, 13.1 |
| AD 258 | Nicomedia | The Scythians invade Bithynia and burn and plunder Astacus (later Nicomedia) Pending | Gall. 4.7, 4.8 |
| AD 260 | Valerian is captured by Shapur; Velenus, king of the Cadusii, mentions this in a letter | Valer. 2.1 | |
| AD 260 | With Valerian captured, Odaenathus takes control of the East, and armies and generals stir on every side | Gall. 1.1 | |
| AD 260 | Antioch | Cyriades, in league with Shapur, brings the Persian army into Roman territory and takes Antioch and Caesarea | Tyr. trig. 2.2 |
| AD 260 – 269 | Welcomed by the army and all the Gauls, Postumus restores the Gallic provinces over seven years | Tyr. trig. 3.4 | |
| AD 260 | Gallienus fights and defeats Ingenuus, who governed Pannonia, and takes cruel revenge on the Moesians | Tyr. trig. 8.13, 9.3 | |
| AD 260 | Regalianus of Illyricum shows valor in Sarmatia but is killed at the instigation of the Roxolani with the consent of soldiers and provincials Tradition | Tyr. trig. 10.2 | |
| AD 261 | Macrianus, who holds the East, leaves one son behind and marches into Asia, then Illyricum | Gall. 2.5 | |
| AD 261 | On news that Macrianus and his son are dead, Odaenathus hurries to seize their son Quietus, but Quietus's men, at Ballista's instigation, kill Quietus, throw him over the walls and surrender Pending | Gall. 3.1, 3.2 | |
| AD 261 – 262 | Alexandria | In Egypt, Aemilianus seizes imperial power and holds the granaries, forcing cities into submission by famine, but is captured by Gallienus's general Theodotus and strangled in prison | Gall. 4.1, 4.2 |
| AD 261 | Macrianus advances with 45,000 troops but is defeated by Aureolus on the border of Illyricum or Thrace and dies with his son | Tyr. trig. 12.13 | |
| AD 261 | Alexandria | In Alexandria, a soldier kills the governor's slave, and a mob rushes out and attacks the general Aemilianus with stones and swords Tradition | Tyr. trig. 22.3 |
| AD 262 | Rome | In the consulship of Gallienus and Faustianus, a great earthquake and several days of darkness strike, cities in Asia are damaged, and a plague killing 5,000 a day spreads in Rome and the cities of Achaea Tradition | Gall. 5.2, 5.3, 5.5 |
| AD 262 | Ephesus | Scythians (a branch of the Goths) ravage Asia and plunder and burn the temple of the Moon (Artemis) at Ephesus | Gall. 6.2 |
| AD 262 – 265 | Gallienus attacks Postumus with Aureolus and Claudius; Postumus faces Victorinus with Celtic and Frankish auxiliaries, and the battles go back and forth | Gall. 7.1 | |
| AD 262 – 268 | Byzantium | Seeking revenge for the Byzantium affair, Gallienus enters the city the next day and, breaking the agreement, surrounds the disarmed soldiers with armed troops and kills them all Pending | Gall. 7.2 |
| AD 262 | Rome | After the Byzantium massacre he hurries to Rome, convenes the Senate, celebrates the decennial festival, and holds a procession featuring elephants, gladiators, and Goths, Sarmatians, Franks and Persians | Gall. 7.4, 8.7 |
| AD 262 – 267 | Ctesiphon | Odaenathus besieges the Parthian army at Ctesiphon and ravages the surrounding region Tradition | Gall. 10.6 |
| AD 262 – 267 | Ctesiphon | Odaenathus takes the title of king and attacks Persia, taking Nisibis and Mesopotamia, pursues Shapur to Ctesiphon and seizes his concubines and spoils Tradition | Tyr. trig. 15.3, 15.4 |
| AD 265 | While besieging the city where Postumus is, Gallienus is hit by an arrow as he circles the walls Pending | Gall. 4.4 | |
| AD 265 | Nisibis | In the consulship of Valerian and Lucillus, Odaenathus attacks Persia, restores Nisibis and Carrhae to Rome, secures all of Mesopotamia, and reaches Ctesiphon Tradition | Gall. 12.1 |
| AD 267 | Under Marcianus's command he defeats the Goths in Achaea, and the Goths withdraw through Achaea Tradition | Gall. 6.1 | |
| AD 267 | Athens | The Goths plunder Cyzicus, Asia and all of Achaea until the Athenians, under the historian Dexippus, defeat them, and then roam Epirus, Macedonia and Boeotia Tradition | Gall. 13.8 |
| AD 267 | After settling the East, Odaenathus is killed together with his son Herodes by his cousin Maeonius | Tyr. trig. 15.5 | |
| AD 267 | Palmyra | After Odaenathus's death, Zenobia dons the mantle of empire and rules in the names of her sons Herennianus and Timolaus | Tyr. trig. 30.2 |
| AD 268 | Milan | It corrects that the Valerian in this inscription is not the one captured by Persia but the young Valerian buried near Milan Pending | Valer. 8.3 |
| AD 268 | Gallienus meets the Goths roaming Illyricum and kills many; the Scythians form a wagon barricade and try to escape to Mount Gesaces Pending | Gall. 13.9 |
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Historia Augusta, Latin text and tr. David Magie (Loeb, 1921-32); text by Bill Thayer, LacusCurtius
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