Polybius, Histories: a Standard history source. Covers 264 BC – 146 BC, with 300 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.
| Type | Standard history |
|---|---|
| Viewpoint | Insider account |
| Years covered | 264 BC – 146 BC |
| Events | 300 events, 221 placed on the map |
| Author | Polybius |
| Original title | Ἱστορίαι |
Regions: Southern Europe 234 · Egypt & North Africa 34 · West Asia 28 · Western Europe 4
| Year | Place | Event | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 264 BC | Messana | Appius Claudius drives the Carthaginians out of Messana (start of the First Punic War) | 1.12 |
| 263 BC | Syracuse | Rome sends both consuls and the full army to Sicily, and Hiero makes peace with Rome | 1.16 |
| 262 BC | Agrigentum | The Romans besiege Acragas (Agrigentum) and Carthage reinforces its troops | 1.17 |
| 261 BC | Agrigentum | Hanno lures out and defeats the Roman cavalry, but Acragas falls | 1.19 |
| 260 BC | Lipara | While the fleet is being built, an advance force goes out first and Scipio Asina surrenders | 1.21 |
| 260 BC | Mylae | Duilius defeats the Carthaginian fleet at the Battle of Mylae | 1.22 |
| 259 BC | Segesta | Operations in Sicily around Segesta and Macella | 1.24 |
| 256 BC | Tyndaris | Atilius engages the Carthaginian fleet passing Tyndaris | 1.25 |
| 256 BC | Ecnomus | Battle of Cape Ecnomus — the two Roman consuls against the Carthaginian fleet | 1.27 |
| 256 BC | Aspis (Clupea) | After the victory the Romans cross to Africa and besiege Aspis | 1.29 |
| 256 BC | Carthage | Seeing the Romans' prolonged stay, Carthage elects Hasdrubal and Bostar as commanders | 1.30 |
| 255 BC | Carthage | The Spartan Xanthippus arrives in Carthage with mercenaries | 1.32 |
| 255 BC | Tunes (Tunis) | Xanthippus defeats the Romans with elephants and cavalry; Regulus is beaten | 1.34 |
| 255 BC | Camarina | The Roman fleet is mostly destroyed in a storm off Camarina | 1.37 |
| 251 BC | Panormus | At Panormus Rome defeats the Carthaginian elephants (Hasdrubal) | 1.40 |
| 250 BC | Lilybaeum | The Romans begin the siege of Lilybaeum | 1.41 |
| 250 BC | Lilybaeum | Hannibal throws reinforcements into Lilybaeum | 1.44 |
| 250 BC | Drepana | Hannibal the Rhodian runs the blockade and goes to Adherbal at Drepana | 1.46 |
| 249 BC | Lilybaeum | After a storm wrecks the Roman siege works, the Lilybaeum garrison burns them | 1.48 |
| 249 BC | Drepana | The reinforced Roman fleet sails for Drepana | 1.49 |
| 249 BC | Drepana | Battle of Drepana — Adherbal wins and Publius is disgraced | 1.51 |
| 249 BC | Syracuse | The consular fleet left at Syracuse is destroyed by a storm after sailing | 1.54 |
| 248 BC | Eryx | Rome gives up the sea and seizes Mount Eryx | 1.55 |
| 247 BC | Hercte (Heirkte) | In the 18th year of the war, Hamilcar Barca occupies Heircte | 1.56 |
| 244 BC | Eryx | Hamilcar besieges the Romans on Eryx | 1.58 |
| 241 BC | Aegates (Aegusa) | Carthage entrusts a fleet to Hanno and sends it to Sicily | 1.60 |
| 241 BC | Aegates (Aegusa) | Battle of the Aegates (Aegusa) — Roman victory | 1.61 |
| 241 BC | Eryx | Hamilcar sues for peace — Sicily is given up | 1.62 |
| 241 BC | Sicca | Dealing with the mercenaries after the war — assembly at Sicca | 1.66 |
| 241 BC | Sicca | Hanno only persuades instead of keeping promises, and the mercenary revolt begins | 1.67 |
| 241 BC | Tunes (Tunis) | The mercenaries camp at Tunis and accept arbitration | 1.68 |
| 241 BC | Tunes (Tunis) | Gisco comes to Tunis with money to conciliate them, but Mathos and Spendius stir them up | 1.69 |
| 241 BC | Tunes (Tunis) | Gisco and his staff are arrested | 1.70 |
| 240 BC | Utica | Hanno is appointed commander but fails to relieve Utica | 1.73 |
| 240 BC | Tunes (Tunis) | The rebels murder Gisco and other prisoners | 1.80 |
| 240 BC | Utica | Hippo Zarytus and Utica join the rebels | 1.82 |
| 238 BC | Tunes (Tunis) | During the siege of Tunis Mathos captures the Carthaginian general Hannibal | 1.86 |
| 238 BC | Utica | Most of Libya is subdued, Hippo and Utica surrender (238 BC), and Rome intervenes over Sardinia | 1.88 |
| 230 BC | Phoenice (Epirus) | Teuta's Illyrians raid the coasts of Elis and Messenia and seize Phoenice in Epirus | 2.5 |
| 230 BC | Phoenice (Epirus) | Aetolian and Achaean relief forces go to Epirus, and after a truce the Illyrians withdraw | 2.6 |
| 229 BC | Corcyra | Teuta sends a larger fleet — part of it to Corcyra | 2.9 |
| 229 BC | Corcyra | Roman consuls Fulvius (200 ships) and Postumius set out, and Corcyra surrenders to Rome | 2.11 |
| 229 BC | Sparta | Aetolia secretly colludes with Cleomenes of Sparta | 2.46 |
| 228 BC | Teuta promises tribute to Rome and surrenders (228 BC) | 2.12 | |
| 228 BC | New Carthage | Hasdrubal founds New Carthage in Iberia (228 BC) | 2.13 |
| 227 BC | Sparta | The Cleomenean War breaks out (227–221 BC) | 2.47 |
| 225 BC | Faesulae | The Gauls enter Etruria and defeat a Roman army near Faesulae | 2.25 |
| 225 BC | Ariminum | When Aemilius from Ariminum rushes to Etruria, the Gauls retreat | 2.26 |
| 225 BC | Pisae | Atilius, coming from Sardinia, lands at Pisae and blocks the Gauls' route | 2.27 |
| 225 BC | Telamon | Battle near Telamon — the Gauls, caught between two Roman armies, are crushed | 2.28 |
| 225 BC – 224 BC | Megalopolis | Aratus sends envoys to Antigonus Doson to ask for help | 2.49 |
| 224 BC | Corinth | Achaea offers to hand Acrocorinth to Antigonus; the two sides face off at the Isthmus | 2.52 |
| 224 BC | Argos | Achaea takes Argos and Cleomenes returns to Sparta | 2.53 |
| 224 BC | Corinth | Antigonus takes over Acrocorinth and is acclaimed supreme commander | 2.54 |
| 224 BC | Rhodes | Rhodes earthquake — after the Colossus falls, kings send aid (the year comes from the translation's chronology) | 5.88 |
| 223 BC | Placentia | The two consuls pass Placentia and defeat the Insubres | 2.32 |
| 223 BC | Megalopolis | Cleomenes takes Megalopolis by surprise | 2.55 |
| 223 BC | Mantinea | Antigonus' treatment of Mantinea (after its people left the alliance and joined Cleomenes) | 2.57 |
| 222 BC | Mediolanum | Marcellus and others attack the Insubres and take Mediolanum, ending the Gallic war | 2.34 |
| 222 BC | Argos | Antigonus winters at Argos and in spring Cleomenes invades the Argolid | 2.64 |
| 222 BC | Sellasia | In summer Antigonus marches into Laconia and Cleomenes camps at Sellasia | 2.65 |
| 222 BC | Sellasia | The Battle of Sellasia begins — the Illyrians attack first | 2.67 |
| 222 BC | Sellasia | Philopoemen distinguishes himself in the cavalry fight and Cleomenes is defeated | 2.69 |
| 222 BC | Sparta | Antigonus takes Sparta and restores the old constitution, then returns on news of a Macedonian invasion | 2.70 |
| 222 BC | Alexandria (Egypt) | Ptolemy IV, just after accession, eliminates his brother Magas and his associates (222 BC) | 5.34 |
| 222 BC | Alexandria (Egypt) | Cleomenes asks the Egyptian court for help | 5.35 |
| 221 BC | New Carthage | Hasdrubal dies (after 8 years in command) and Hannibal succeeds him (221 BC) | 2.36 |
| 221 BC | New Carthage | Hannibal takes over the command in Iberia | 3.13 |
| 221 BC | Messene | While he stays in Messene, pirates raid Chiron's villa outside the walls | 4.4 |
| 221 BC | Xenoetas' army is wiped out by Molon | 5.48 | |
| 220 BC | Salmantica | On the Vaccaei campaign Hannibal takes Salmantica by assault | 3.14 |
| 220 BC | Caphyae | Aratus' poor generalship before the Battle of Caphyae | 4.11 |
| 220 BC | Caphyae | Battle of Caphyae — the Achaean army is defeated | 4.12 |
| 220 BC | Corinth | Philip V comes to Corinth to help Achaea | 4.22 |
| 220 BC | Corinth | The Corinth allied council declares war on Aetolia | 4.25 |
| 220 BC | Byzantium | Peace through the mediation of the Gallic king Cavarus | 4.52 |
| 220 BC | Antiochus sets out to put down Molon, passing the Euphrates and Mesopotamia | 5.51 | |
| 220 BC | Crossing of the Tigris | 5.52 | |
| 220 BC | Molon's left wing goes over to the enemy and Molon dies | 5.54 | |
| 220 BC | Antiochus concludes a treaty with Artabazanes | 5.55 | |
| 219 BC | Saguntum | Hannibal leaves New Carthage, besieges and takes Saguntum | 3.17 |
| 219 BC | Dimale | Demetrius reinforces the defenses of Dimale | 3.18 |
| 219 BC | Pharos (Hvar) | The Illyrian war ends — Pharos is taken | 3.19 |
| 219 BC | Aegira | An Aetolian night raid on Aegira is repulsed | 4.58 |
| 219 BC | Ambracia | Philip passes through Thessaly and reaches Ambracia in Epirus | 4.61 |
| 219 BC | Dium | Scopas invades Macedonia and destroys Dium | 4.62 |
| 219 BC | Ambracus (near Ambracia) | Philip besieges and takes Ambracus | 4.63 |
| 219 BC | Seleucia Pieria | Preparing for war, Ptolemy sends a fleet to Seleucia | 5.58 |
| 219 BC | Seleucia Pieria | Seleucia is taken | 5.60 |
| 219 BC | Invasion of Coele-Syria | 5.62 | |
| 218 BC | Pyrenees | Hannibal leaves his winter quarters and crosses the Pyrenees (218 BC) | 3.35 |
| 218 BC | Rhone | Hannibal prepares a crossing of the Rhône upstream, four days' march from the sea | 3.42 |
| 218 BC | Rhone | The crossing begins — an advance party strikes the barbarians' rear at dawn | 3.43 |
| 218 BC | Alps | After a 10-day march of 800 stades along the Rhône, the ascent of the Alps begins | 3.50 |
| 218 BC | Alps | Around the setting of the Pleiades (c. 9 November), the descent begins from the snow-covered heights | 3.54 |
| 218 BC | After resting his men at the foot of the Alps, he attacks the Taurini | 3.60 | |
| 218 BC | Ticinus | Scipio bridges and crosses the Ticinus | 3.64 |
| 218 BC | Ticinus | Cavalry battle near the Ticinus (November) | 3.65 |
| 218 BC | Placentia | Scipio crosses the Po and retreats to Placentia | 3.66 |
| 218 BC | Trebia | Battle of the Trebia (December) — Numidian cavalry ambush | 3.72 |
| 218 BC | Placentia | The beaten Roman troops retreat to Placentia | 3.74 |
| 218 BC | Gnaeus Scipio lands in Iberia with a fleet at the mouth of the Rhône | 3.76 | |
| 218 BC | The Elean raiding party (Euripidas) is destroyed (January–February) | 4.68 | |
| 218 BC | Caphyae | Philip crosses Mt. Oligyrtus in a blizzard and reaches Caphyae | 4.70 |
| 218 BC | Psophis | Philip besieges and takes Psophis | 4.71 |
| 218 BC | Lasion | The Elean garrison abandons Lasion and Philip enters it | 4.73 |
| 218 BC | Philip takes the fort called "the Walls" on the Elean border and invades Elis | 4.83 | |
| 218 BC | Cephallenia (Pale) | Philip besieges Pale (Palus) in Cephallenia | 5.4 |
| 218 BC | Thermus (Thermon) | Philip swiftly marches on Thermum | 5.7 |
| 218 BC | Thermus (Thermon) | Philip withdraws, laden with plunder, by the way he came | 5.13 |
| 218 BC | Stratus | Philip wins a skirmish with the garrison of Stratus | 5.14 |
| 218 BC | Tegea | Philip reaches Tegea after a two-day march and joins the Achaean troops | 5.18 |
| 218 BC | Sparta | Passing through Laconia, he camps at Amyclae near Sparta | 5.19 |
| 218 BC | Sparta | Lycurgus is defeated in a battle near Sparta | 5.23 |
| 218 BC | The Porphyrion pass is forced | 5.69 | |
| 218 BC | Sidon | He camps under the walls of Sidon (the assault is abandoned) | 5.70 |
| 218 BC | Selge | Achaeus' general Garsyeris marches on Selge | 5.74 |
| 217 BC | Arretium | The next spring Flaminius encamps at Arretium in Etruria | 3.77 |
| 217 BC | Hannibal sets out for Etruria across the Arno marshes | 3.79 | |
| 217 BC | Arretium | After crossing the marshes Hannibal sees Flaminius' camp under the walls of Arretium | 3.80 |
| 217 BC | Faesulae | Hannibal plunders toward Faesulae and draws Flaminius out of his camp | 3.82 |
| 217 BC | Lake Trasimene | Battle of Lake Trasimene (22 June) — the Roman army is annihilated | 3.84 |
| 217 BC | Ariminum | The vanguard of the Ariminum consul Servilius is destroyed | 3.86 |
| 217 BC | Hannibal enters Campania | 3.90 | |
| 217 BC | From Samnium Hannibal crosses the Eribianus pass and camps by the Volturnus | 3.92 | |
| 217 BC | Rome wins a naval battle off the Iberian coast | 3.96 | |
| 217 BC | Geronium | Minucius attacks scattered Carthaginian foraging parties | 3.102 |
| 217 BC | Geronium | Fabius rescues Minucius, driven into Hannibal's ambush | 3.105 |
| 217 BC | Pelusium | Ptolemy marches through Pelusium into Palestine | 5.80 |
| 217 BC | Raphia | Battle of Raphia — it opens with an elephant charge | 5.84 |
| 217 BC | Raphia | Ptolemy's victory | 5.85 |
| 217 BC | Antioch on the Orontes | Antiochus returns to Antioch and negotiates a one-year truce | 5.87 |
| 217 BC | Sparta | Lycurgus returns to Sparta and plans an invasion of Messenia | 5.91 |
| 217 BC | Bylazora | Philip takes Bylazora, the largest city of Paeonia | 5.97 |
| 217 BC | Thebes (Phthiotis) | Philip besieges Thebes in Phthiotis with catapults | 5.99 |
| 217 BC | Naupactus | The peace conference at Naupactus begins | 5.103 |
| 217 BC | Naupactus | The peace is ratified | 5.105 |
| 216 BC | Cannae | At harvest time Hannibal leaves his camp at Gerunium and takes Cannae | 3.107 |
| 216 BC | Cannae | The Roman consuls arrive near Cannae and a preliminary skirmish follows | 3.110 |
| 216 BC | Cannae | Battle of Cannae (2 August) — a great Roman defeat | 3.115 |
| 216 BC | Cannae | The end of Aemilius Paullus | 3.116 |
| 216 BC | Capua | After Cannae, Italy's allied cities defect | 3.118 |
| 216 BC | Apollonia (Illyria) | At the mouth of the Aous (near Apollonia), panic at a rumor of a Roman squadron; retreat to Cephallenia | 5.110 |
| 216 BC | Syracuse | Hieronymus succeeds his grandfather Hiero II as king of Syracuse | 7.2 |
| 215 BC | Carthage | Hieronymus negotiates an alliance with Hannibal and Carthage | 7.4 |
| 215 BC | Syracuse | Despite protests from Roman envoys, Hieronymus decides on war | 7.5 |
| 215 BC | Text of the treaty of alliance between Hannibal and Philip V of Macedon | 7.9 | |
| 215 BC | Messene | Philip tries to seize Messene but is persuaded to give up (215 BC) | 7.11 |
| 215 BC | Sardis | The long siege of Sardis continues | 7.15 |
| 214 BC | Leontini | Hieronymus is killed at Leontini (214 BC) | 7.7 |
| 214 BC | Sardis | Lagoras and his men infiltrate the citadel and seize Sardis | 7.17 |
| 214 BC – 212 BC | Syracuse | Hippocrates and Epicydes take control of Syracuse, and Rome begins the siege | 8.5 |
| 214 BC | Messene | Philip ravages Messene for the second time (214 BC) | 8.10 |
| 213 BC | Syracuse | Archimedes' machines repel the Roman assault on the towers | 8.7 |
| 213 BC | Syracuse | Appius' land assault is also stopped | 8.9 |
| 213 BC | Lissus | Philip takes Lissus in Illyria by trickery (213 BC) | 8.15 |
| 213 BC | Sardis | The Cretan Bolis approaches, pretending to rescue Achaeus | 8.17 |
| 213 BC | Sardis | Achaeus is captured through Bolis' betrayal | 8.22 |
| 212 BC | The Roman governor Tiberius Gracchus falls into an ambush | 8.1 | |
| 212 BC | Tarentum | Young men of Tarentum pledge themselves to Hannibal | 8.27 |
| 212 BC | Tarentum | Hannibal enters Tarentum | 8.30 |
| 212 BC | Tarentum | The Romans are massacred and the Tarentines spared | 8.32 |
| 212 BC | Tarentum | Hannibal devises a barrier to pen in the Romans in the citadel | 8.35 |
| 212 BC | Syracuse | Syracuse falls (212 BC) | 8.37 |
| 212 BC | Syracuse | Syracuse's works of art are carried off to Rome | 9.10 |
| 212 BC | Both Scipios are killed in Iberia (212 BC by the translation's chronology) | 9.11 | |
| 211 BC | Capua | With Capua under siege, Hannibal plans a march on Rome | 9.3 |
| 211 BC | Rome | Rome panics at news of Hannibal's approach | 9.6 |
| 211 BC | Rome | Hannibal comes within 10 stades of Rome and turns back | 9.7 |
| 210 BC | Agrigentum | Acragas falls to the Roman consul Laevinus | 9.27 |
| 210 BC | Alexandria (Egypt) | Rome sends envoys to Ptolemy | 9.44 |
| 209 BC | Tarentum | Fabius retakes Tarentum | 10.1 |
| 209 BC | New Carthage | Scipio and Laelius march on New Carthage | 10.9 |
| 209 BC | New Carthage | Siege of New Carthage — a simultaneous attack by land and sea | 10.12 |
| 209 BC | New Carthage | The fall and sack of New Carthage | 10.15 |
| 209 BC | New Carthage | Treatment of prisoners; Mago is entrusted to Laelius | 10.17 |
| 209 BC | New Carthage | Scipio drills his troops at New Carthage while preparing to advance | 10.20 |
| 209 BC | Argos | Philip presides over the Nemean Games at Argos | 10.26 |
| 209 BC | Ecbatana | Description of the palace at Ecbatana in Media and Antiochus' advance | 10.27 |
| 209 BC | Battle at the pass of Mount Labus | 10.30 | |
| 208 BC | Baecula | Scipio attacks and defeats Hasdrubal's position | 10.39 |
| 208 BC | Engagement with Euthydemus' Bactrian army at the Arius River | 10.49 | |
| 207 BC | Metaurus (river) | At the Battle of Metaurus Hasdrubal is killed | 11.1 |
| 207 BC | Thermus (Thermon) | Philip ravages Thermum again | 11.7 |
| 207 BC | Mantinea | Deployment of the two armies before the Battle of Mantinea | 11.11 |
| 207 BC | Mantinea | The Battle of Mantinea begins | 11.12 |
| 207 BC | Mantinea | Machanidas is killed and Tegea is taken | 11.18 |
| 206 BC | In Iberia Hasdrubal, son of Gisco, assembles his army | 11.20 | |
| 206 BC | Ilipa | Scipio resolves on a decisive battle and wins | 11.22 |
| 206 BC | Scipio crosses the Ebro and defeats Andobales | 11.32 | |
| 206 BC – 205 BC | Antiochus makes peace with Euthydemus in Bactria | 11.34 | |
| 205 BC | Sparta | The tyranny of Nabis, tyrant of Sparta | 13.6 |
| 205 BC – 204 BC | Antiochus' expedition to Arabia (Gerrha) | 13.9 | |
| 204 BC – 203 BC | Alexandria (Egypt) | Court intrigue after the accession of Ptolemy Epiphanes | 15.25 |
| 203 BC | Utica | In spring Scipio completes preparations to attack Utica by land and sea | 14.2 |
| 203 BC | Scipio sets fire to the enemy camp in a surprise attack | 14.4 | |
| 203 BC | Anda | At daybreak Andaga surrenders to Rome | 14.6 |
| 203 BC | Battle of the Great Plains — Scipio wins | 14.9 | |
| 203 BC | Carthage | Carthage plots against the lives of the Roman envoys | 15.2 |
| 203 BC – 202 BC | Alexandria (Egypt) | The Alexandria mob massacres Agathocles' family | 15.33 |
Showing the first 200 of 300 events. See all of them on the map. All on the map
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