Rashid al-Din, Jami' al-tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles): a Standard history source. Covers AD 1213 – 1307, with 86 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.
| Type | Standard history |
|---|---|
| Viewpoint | Insider account |
| Years covered | AD 1213 – 1307 |
| Events | 86 events, 30 placed on the map |
| Author | Rashid al-Din Fadl Allah Hamadani |
| Original title | جامع التواریخ — تاریخ مبارک غازانی (Blochet 편 2권) |
Regions: West Asia 65 · China 5 · Eastern Europe & Russia 4 · Mongolia & Steppe 4 · Central Asia 3
| Year | Place | Event | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| AD 1213 | Zhuozhou (涿州) | Chinggis Khan sent Tolui with Chiko Gürgen of the Onggirat to scale the walls and take Zhuozhou (涿州); then he besieged the city «چوچیوه» and took it. He sent the left and right wings with his sons and amirs, and stayed with Tolui Khan. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 13105–13109 |
| AD 1219 | After returning from Kitai he resolved on a campaign into the Tajik (Iranian) lands; arriving at Otrar, he placed Jochi, Chagatai, and Ögedei on the Khwarazm front. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 13213–13215 | |
| AD 1221 | Gurganj (Konye-Urgench) | Chinggis Khan sent Jochi, with his brothers Chagatai and Ögedei, to conquer Khwarazm. They besieged it, but because of an incident between Jochi and Chagatai (illegible) it was not taken; the next line reads «خوارزم … بستدند» (finally taken). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 9504–9508 |
| AD 1221 | Bamiyan | Chinggis Khan's beloved grandson (Mütügen, son of Chagatai) was struck by an arrow shot from the fortress of Bamiyan; Chinggis Khan, deeply grieved, took the fortress. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 10758–10762 |
| AD 1221 | Taloqan | At Taloqan, on reaching Chinggis Khan, the fortress («قلعه») was being turned over or besieged (the verb «گردانیدند» is uncertain). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 13222–13224 |
| AD 1225 – 1227 | Tabriz | The Sultan (Jalal al-Din) appointed someone to hold the fortress of «Giran», entrusted his harem («حرم») to him, and himself went to Tabriz. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 5196–5198 |
| AD 1227 | In the year Chinggis Khan died, the princes and amirs in his ordu assembled (the following sentence is damaged by OCR). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 4746–4748 | |
| AD 1227 | Isfahan | The Sultan's brother, fighting the Mongols before the gate of Isfahan, abandoned the left wing («میسره») he had been given and set off for Khuzestan by the Luristan road. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 5294–5297 |
| AD 1227 | Chinggis Khan died; when his coffin was carried to the ordus, funeral rites («مراسم») were held. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 13282–13284 | |
| AD 1229 | When Ögedei Qaan ascended the throne, he first ordered that the yasa (decrees) established by Chinggis Khan be enforced as they were. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 4740–4742 | |
| AD 1229 – 1241 | During this reign two great quriltai of princes were held, and envoys were sent to Kitai and Machin (partly OCR-damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 5535–5537 | |
| AD 1230 | Ögedei set out for the campaign against Altan Khan (the Jin), taking his brothers, nephews, and sons; Tolui led two tümen (about twenty thousand) and set out separately. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 4779–4781 | |
| AD 1230 | Ahlat (Akhlat) | A passage on the army from Erzurum («ارزن الروم») entangled in the Sultan (Jalal al-Din)'s siege of Ahlat (part of the line is damaged; line 5148 earlier mentions the Sultan's two-month siege). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 5157–5159 |
| AD 1231 | The Mongol army reached a city on the bank of the Mören (Yellow) River and besieged it; after forty days, its people asked for (…) (OCR-damaged; the city name «…ینقین» is illegible). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 4803–4805 | |
| AD 1231 | Nishapur | Chormaqan sent Qaracha toward Nishapur and Tus; Qaracha returned after a defeat, and on the news of unrest in Khurasan, measures followed. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 5442–5444 |
| AD 1231 | Tolui went to Tibet («تبت»), passed through the Kitai region where the «Hulan» (meaning red people) live, and came before the great army of Altan Kan. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 13312–13318 | |
| AD 1232 | The Kitai (Jin) suddenly attacked Toqolqu, who led the rear scouting force; there was a stream and mud ahead, and forty Mongol soldiers fell into it. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 4854–4856 | |
| AD 1232 | Tolui returned to his elder brother Ögedei after the battle mentioned above; the campaign having been long, the Qa'an sent Tokolu (partly damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 13369–13371 | |
| AD 1233 | Ögedei sent reinforcements to Toqolqu and gave orders to besiege the cities on the Kitai (Jin) and Machin (Song) sides (partly OCR-damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 4977–4979 | |
| AD 1235 | Karakorum | They named the capital «قراقروم» (Karakorum) and set up yam (relay) stations from the Kitai region to that city; the distance «…فرسنگ» is OCR-damaged. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 5847–5849 |
| AD 1236 | The western army set out against «Polo» (پولو) and the Bashkirs («باشغرد»); it took Polo and carried out massacre and plunder. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 5652–5654 | |
| AD 1236 | Bolgar | Subedei was sent with an army to the border of Bulgar; they went as far as the town «…نک» and defeated the army there. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 5682–5684 |
| AD 1237 | Ryazan | The princes united, besieged Ryazan («ریازان»), took it in three days, and then took other cities as well; Kölgen was wounded (the line breaks at the next word «وفا…»). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 5748–5750 |
| AD 1237 | Erbil | The Mongols attacked Baghdad and Erbil, fighting from the city to the citadel (partly damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 15012–15014 |
| AD 1237 | Baghdad | The Caliph sent Arslan Tekin with three thousand cavalry as reinforcements; on hearing of their arrival the Mongols suddenly fled (…) (partly damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 15048–15050 |
| AD 1237 | Baghdad | The Caliph declared holy war (jihad), had the citizens occupied with bows and weapons, and ordered the moat and walls of Baghdad repaired. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 15051–15053 |
| AD 1237 | Baghdad | Caliph al-Mustansir came out of the city, gathered the citizens and addressed them. As the Mongols were chased, many died, and captives and horses were recovered; the event took place on a Friday. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 15084–15090 |
| AD 1238 | Moscow | Moscow («مسکو») was taken within a few days, and a man called «Ulai Temür» was killed. Then a large city was besieged for eight days and taken (the city name «بوری» is uncertain). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 5751–5753 |
| AD 1238 | Batu reached a city «مانشکه» and besieged it for two months without taking it. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 5757–5759 | |
| AD 1240 | Kyiv | Batu took the city «منکرقان» of Great Rus (Kyiv) in nine days, then took all the cities of the region toward «اولادمور» (Vladimir), going from tümen to tümen. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 6042–6044 |
| AD 1241 | In the thirteenth year of his reign, a son serving wine offered a cup to Ögedei; that night Ögedei fell asleep after excessive drinking and died. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 5919–5921 | |
| AD 1241 | The princes advanced through the whole region of Bashkir, Magyar (Hungary), and Sasan (the passage is damaged and mentions «summer»). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 6069–6071 | |
| AD 1242 – 1243 | Dated 640 AH. For a time the throne stood vacant without a ruler; the names Töregene Khatun and Sorqaqtani appear, and «her own son» is mentioned (passage damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 9615–9617 | |
| AD 1242 – 1246 | For about three years before Güyük ascended the throne, he was under the commands and prohibitions (amr o nahy) of Töregene Khatun. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 14130–14132 | |
| AD 1243 | The Rum Seljuk sultan was defeated at Köse Dağ by the Mongol army led by Baiju Noyan, and ruled jointly with his brother Rukn al-Din. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 28357–28359 | |
| AD 1246 | When Güyük took the throne, the first thing he did was hold a trial (yarghu) against Fatima Khatun; after beating her, he sewed her up and threw her into the water. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 14184–14188 | |
| AD 1250 – 1251 | Batu sent his brother Berke and his son Sartaq with three tümen to seat Möngke on the throne at «Onan-Keluran», the yurt of Chinggis Khan. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 9657–9659 | |
| AD 1250 | Batu took the cup («کاسه») and, having named Möngke khan, all present swore allegiance; they agreed to hold a great quriltai the following year. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 15941–15944 | |
| AD 1250 | The throne of the Qaan had been vacant for two years; because the sons of Ögedei did not come, he sent word: «You seat him on the throne.» | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 16055–16058 | |
| AD 1251 | Karakorum | In the year of the Pig, in the month of (…), Möngke Qaan was seated on the throne near Karakorum, where the throne of Chinggis Khan stood. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 16154–16157 |
| AD 1251 | The army was posted around the princes Shiramun, Naqu, and Totoq, and a message was sent to them: «You …» (damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 16511–16514 | |
| AD 1251 | They were brought inside the ordu, feasted for three days, and not questioned at all. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 16523–16527 | |
| AD 1251 – 1252 | Möngke entrusted the eastern (Kitai) region to Yalavach (Mahmud Yalavach), and the Uighur, Fergana, and Khwarazm lands to Mas'ud Beg, a division of administration. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 17327–17331 | |
| AD 1251 | Möngke entrusted the (Iranian) countries, Khurasan, and Mazanderan to them, and after Amir Arghun reached the imperial ordu … (damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 18842–18844 | |
| AD 1252 – 1255 | In the line marked «…52 years» a death occurred; Orghina Khatun installed Mubarak-Shah, son of Qara Hülegü, as ruler. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 11987–11989 | |
| AD 1252 | After interrogation, they all confessed with one voice, saying «I did it» (the exact charge is damaged in the preceding line). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 16703–16705 | |
| AD 1252 | Möngke imprisoned the amirs; the passage notes that some of the amirs had suffered the same fate in his father's time (OCR-damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 16811–16814 | |
| AD 1252 | One man was seized and brought with his two hands sewn into rawhide, and was sent along with Shiramun's mother-katun to the ordu of Sorqaqtani (name illegible). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 17099–17102 | |
| AD 1253 | In the year 651 the party set out; when Arghun Aqa reached Khurasan he announced the yasa among the people (partly damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 18773–18775 | |
| AD 1257 | After Sartaq, Ulaghchi briefly became khan and soon died, and then Berke became ruler (dated to the 650s, Hijri). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 8289–8291 | |
| AD 1258 | The whole tribe marched out, and the Chaokut army (of Kitai, Tangut, Jurchen, and Solangga) followed Möngke; the line mentions «60 tümen». | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 17939–17944 | |
| AD 1259 | The summer quarters are where Chinggis Khan fell ill and died during the Kitai campaign; in autumn they headed to «بیسون قبلقه» (partly damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 18047–18050 | |
| AD 1259 | Diaoyucheng (Hezhou 合州) | They reached the city «یاو چو» (Diaoyucheng, Hezhou) and began the siege; at the end of the line is the figure «two tümen out of ten» (context damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 18443–18446 |
| AD 1259 | Diaoyucheng (Hezhou 合州) | In the summer when Möngke Qaan was besieging the aforementioned fortress, the army fell ill from the water and climate, and plague («وبا») spread. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 18485–18488 |
| AD 1259 | He was buried in a place called «قوروق» (Qoruq, the forbidden ground), beside Chinggis Khan and Tolui Khan; this is the last passage of Möngke's section, presumably about Möngke. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 18587–18589 | |
| AD 1260 – 1261 | Karakorum | After the Kyrgyz went over to Ariq Böke, Qubilai arrived at Karakorum and took possession of the four ordus of Chinggis Khan and the ordus of Kül-khan (the end of the sentence is damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 21371–21373 |
| AD 1260 | Aleppo | The Khan (Hülegü) took Aleppo and returned; the line ends with Kitbuqa («کدپوقا»). The Khan is Hülegü, inferred from the context. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 28474–28477 |
| AD 1260 | Damascus | The Khan (Hülegü) took Damascus after Aleppo and returned. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 28474–28477 |
| AD 1261 | Ariq Böke's army was defeated, and only a few, including Chumqur and Qaracha, escaped; Ariq and his army fled in terror. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 21245–21248 | |
| AD 1264 | In the year of the Rat (66x AH), when Ariq Böke came before the Qaan, an order was issued concerning the «roving army» («سیار») (partly damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 22535–22538 | |
| AD 1264 | Ariq Böke was seized and bound, and an order was given to bring some of the princes and amirs (Hentun, Durbatai, Polad Chingsang, and others) to trial. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 22652–22655 | |
| AD 1265 | Alghu also fell into a long illness that year and could not go to the quriltai. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 23117–23119 | |
| AD 1267 | Dadu (Khanbaliq, 元大都) | Qubilai built a second city for himself beside Khanbaliq and named it «Daidu» («دایدو»). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 24112–24116 |
| AD 1270 | After the quriltai, Baraq told Qaidu that «our army is larger», concerning Khurasan (partly damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 12023–12025 | |
| AD 1270 | A descendant of Chagatai broke his promise of reinforcements, sent a man to Qaidu saying «there was a fault», and therefore the army was defeated (OCR-damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 12116–12118 | |
| AD 1270 | Qaidu welcomed them, distributed Baraq's wealth among his own army, and went back; one of them went to his own yurt. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 12128–12130 | |
| AD 1270 | When Baraq came across the river to fight Abaqa Khan, Qaidu set Chabat in ambush with a thousand cavalry. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 13818–13821 | |
| AD 1271 | (Subject unnamed) After going to Mawarannahr he was struck by paralysis. The same line carries the date 669 AH. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 11084–11086 | |
| AD 1274 | Baghdad | In a line dated to the 70s (AH), Khwaja Nasir (Nasir al-Din Tusi) died at dusk in Baghdad and was buried in the tomb he had chosen himself. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 28819–28823 |
| AD 1282 | Dadu (Khanbaliq, 元大都) | At night Gao raised his hand and struck him dead; that same night a great commotion (fitna) broke out, and the Kitai people (…) (partly damaged). The victim is probably Ahmad (OCR reads «احد»), cited in lines 26506 and 26551. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 26962–26964 |
| AD 1287 | Temür, son of Ariq Böke, was sent with an army to the border of Nayan's domain (the account then continues with Nayan's side, partly damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 7821–7823 | |
| AD 1294 | They sent word, and the Katun kept the great quriltai open until Temür arrived. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 30175–30177 | |
| AD 1294 | The people loudly proclaimed that Temür knows and expounds the yasa and is therefore fit for the crown and the throne. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 30378–30380 | |
| AD 1294 | Karakorum | He ordered the treasury officials, gave his elder brother Kamala his full share of the father's estate, and sent him to the area of the Qaan's ordus near Karakorum («قوروم»). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 30423–30425 |
| AD 1298 | When the enemy arrived, those given over to feasting, wine, and pleasure were drunk and unconscious. The agent is presumably the son of Baraq (Duwa), cited in line 31017. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 31101–31103 | |
| AD 1298 | The Qaan ordered that he not be killed but kept in custody, and the defeated soldiers went over to the Qaan. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 31158–31160 | |
| AD 1299 | The eldest brother Cheke gathered his army, clashed with a great hazāra (a unit of a thousand) and defeated it; one thousand fell into his hands. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 10200–10202 | |
| AD 1299 | A Russian («اوروس») soldier wounded Nogai; Nogai declared «I am Nogai» and asked to be taken to where the khan's throne stands (partly damaged). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 10236–10238 | |
| AD 1301 | They set out in a direction nearer to Qaidu and reached him. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 31443–31445 | |
| AD 1301 | The army of Qaidu was routed (those who were far away, a few days later). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 31488–31490 | |
| AD 1307 | Dated 706 AH: after Temür Qaan died, Külüg Qaan ascended the throne and reigned for four years. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 19580–19582 | |
| — | Tus | The governor of Khurasan (subject illegible) made Tus his residence and began building; he seized and bound Sharaf (…) and gave the vizierate to «روغدی». | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 6231–6233 |
| — | Arghun Aqa brought Körgüz and went to Khurasan in his place; during that interval there was disorder (bulghāq). | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 14043–14045 | |
| — | Bukhara | Alghu favored Mas'ud, made him chief of the diwan of his domain, and sent him to Bukhara to collect taxes («یاسامیشی»); he went and gathered wealth from the people. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 22484–22488 |
| — | The Qaan granted him a pardon (sīrghāmīshī) and sent him a safe-conduct and a sword; trusting these, he held out in the fortress. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 26809–26811 | |
| — | Istanbul | When the sultan of Rum reached Istanbul, he was brought before Berke. | 87460_djvu.txt 줄 28393–28394 |