11 events the sources record for this year, grouped by region.
What happened
China (2)
In the ninth month, on day 壬子, Shōnagon Toshimi-ō is sent to the Great Hachiman Bodhisattva shrine at Usa (Buzen Province) to report the recasting of the Great Buddha. (Usa is not in the gazetteer, so the location is unverified.) (Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 9月)
In the tenth month, on day 癸巳, a fire breaks out at the Yamazaki ferry landing and more than 300 houses burn. (Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 10月)
Japan (9)
In the first month, Mutsu reports that captured barbarians in the remote areas killed each other with swords and asks for 2,000 reinforcements; granted. On day 戊申, a further request for 2,000 receives an edict to take only 1,000 soldiers from kinsei (近省). (Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 1月)
In the second month, a long star (comet) appears in the northeast (observation place presumed to be the capital). (Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 2月)
In the second month, on day 丁卯, an edict orders Minister of the Right Fujiwara no Yoshifusa and others to compile the Shoku Nihon Kōki. (Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 2月)
In the fourth month, on day 丙午, Dazaifu reports by post horse that Prince Tsugumine, governor of Hyūga, fell ill and tried to kill the pursuit officer (tsuihōshi) Taguchi no Fusatomi; he is stripped of rank and title. (Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 4月(閏))
In the fifth month, on day 庚子, Tōdai-ji reports that the head of the Vairocana Great Buddha fell to the ground by itself. (Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 5月)
In the sixth month, on day 甲申, Councillor Fujiwara no Ujimune is sent to Tōdai-ji to see the fallen head of the Great Buddha. (Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 6月)
In the seventh month, on day 戊申, Gen no Masaru and Kiyohara no Takio are sent to the Saho mausoleum of Emperor Shōmu to report that the Great Buddha collapsed on the twenty-third day of the fifth month and to vow that it will be recast. (Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 7月)
In the seventh month, on day 丙寅, Dazaifu forwards the memorial of the student monk Enzai (圓載), who went to Tang to study. (Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 7月)
In the tenth month, on day 甲午, the burdens on more than 19,000 needy people of Dewa are remitted. (Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 10月)