Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku: a Standard history source. Covers AD 850 – 858, with 63 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.
| Type | Standard history |
|---|---|
| Viewpoint | Insider account |
| Years covered | AD 850 – 858 |
| Events | 63 events, 61 placed on the map |
| Author | 藤原基經 등 (칙찬) |
| Original title | 日本文德天皇實錄 |
Regions: Japan 60 · China 2
| Year | Place | Event | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| AD 850 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the third month, on day 己亥, Emperor Ninmyō dies at the Seiryōden; Crown Prince Michiyasu (Montoku) receives the divine seal and a precious sword and moves to the Tōgū Aen. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第一 「嘉祥三年」 3月 |
| AD 850 | Fukakusa (Kyoto) | In the third month, on day 癸卯, following the edict, Emperor Ninmyō is buried frugally at the Fukakusa mausoleum. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第一 「嘉祥三年」 3月 |
| AD 850 | Saga (Kyoto) | In the third month, on day 乙巳, a storm with thunder topples trees at the Saga mausoleum; Chūnagon Abe no Yasuhito is sent to inspect it. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第一 「嘉祥三年」 3月 |
| AD 850 | Ise | In the fifth month, Prince Shimae and others are sent to the Ise Grand Shrine to receive the Saiin imperial princess (saigū). | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第一 「嘉祥三年」 5月 |
| AD 850 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the fifth month, on day 辛巳, Empress Dowager Tachibana no Kachiko, widow of Emperor Saga, dies; the next day she is buried simply at Mount Fukatani. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第一 「嘉祥三年」 5月 |
| AD 850 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the fourth month, on day 甲子, Emperor Montoku ascends the throne at the Daikyokuden; on the previous day, 癸亥, the accession is reported to the Fukakusa mausoleum. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第一 「嘉祥三年」 4月 |
| AD 850 | Dewa | In the sixth month, on day 甲戌, Dewa province, saying its border touches the Emishi and it is always in turmoil, requests one onmyōji (diviner) and is permitted. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第一 「嘉祥三年」 6月 |
| AD 850 | Ise | In the eighth month, on day 癸丑, Prince Kusuno and others are sent to the Ise Grand Shrine to report that Princess Anshi has become saiō. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第二 「嘉祥三年」 8月 |
| AD 850 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the seventh month, on day 己亥, heavy rain collapses the twelve-jō ryūbidō (dragon-tail stone stairway) in front of the Daikyokuden. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第二 「嘉祥三年」 7月 |
| AD 850 | Settsu | In the ninth month, on day 壬午, palace priest Urabe no Osada and others are sent to Settsu to hold the Yasoshima rite; the same day a white tortoise is obtained in Settsu and presented. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第二 「嘉祥三年」 9月 |
| AD 850 | Dewa | In the tenth month, on day 庚申, Dewa reports that the land split widely, mountain foothills shifted, and many were crushed to death. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第二 「嘉祥三年」 10月 |
| AD 850 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the eleventh month, on day 戊戌, Prince Korehito (later Emperor Seiwa) is made crown prince. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第二 「嘉祥三年」 11月 |
| AD 851 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the second month, on day 丙辰, the Seiryōden where the late emperor rested is moved and made into the Buddhist hall of Kashō-ji; the reigning emperor could not bear to use it. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第三 「仁壽元年」 2月 |
| AD 851 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the fourth month, on day 庚午, the era is changed to Ninju; in the first year of his reign, the era is changed citing omens of a white tortoise and sweet dew. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第三 「仁壽元年」 4月 |
| AD 851 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the eighth month, on day 甲寅, a kebiishi (inspector) is sent to distribute grain to the people of the capital hit by flood; earlier, on day 己酉, there was heavy rain. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第三 「仁壽元年」 8月 |
| AD 851 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the eighth month, on day 乙丑, the Saiin princess of Ise purifies herself at the Kamo River and enters Nonomiya the same day, in preparation for the Daijōsai. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第三 「仁壽元年」 8月 |
| AD 851 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the tenth month, on day 甲子, the emperor visits the Kamo River and greatly carries out the misogi purification rites before the Daijōsai. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第三 「仁壽元年」 10月 |
| AD 851 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the eleventh month, on day 辛卯, rites are held at the Hasshōin for the Daijōsai, followed by a banquet at the Buraku-in. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第三 「仁壽元年」 11月 |
| AD 852 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the second month, on day 丁巳, in the evening, a comet about five jō long appears in the western sky (observation place presumed to be the capital). | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第四 「仁壽二年」 2月 |
| AD 852 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the intercalary eighth month, on day 己卯, rice from the granaries is distributed to the people of the capital hit by the great wind of day 乙亥 earlier, which blew houses away and uprooted trees. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第四 「仁壽二年」 8月(閏) |
| AD 852 | Ise | In the ninth month, on day 庚子, the Saiin princess enters the Ise Grand Shrine; the emperor comes out to the Daikyokuden to see her off, and Abe no Yasuhito is sent as the send-off envoy (chōhōsōshi). | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第四 「仁壽二年」 9月 |
| AD 853 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the second month, smallpox (hōsō) spreads in the capital and the regions beyond, causing many deaths; it is the third outbreak since the ninth year of Tenpyō and the fifth year of Kōnin. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第五 「仁壽三年」 2月 |
| AD 853 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the fourth month, on day 乙酉, as smallpox spreads and people die, the Kamo festival is suspended and an envoy is sent to report the situation. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第五 「仁壽三年」 4月 |
| AD 853 | Dazaifu | In the fifth month, on day 壬寅, Dazaifu is ordered to have the Daihannya sutra read at Kannon-ji, Miroku-ji, the Shiōin, Kashii-byō, and the Kokubun-ji within its jurisdiction. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第五 「仁壽三年」 5月 |
| AD 853 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the eighth month, a fire breaks out in the Western Capital and spreads to more than 180 houses. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第五 「仁壽三年」 8月 |
| AD 853 | Dazaifu | In the ninth month, on day 辛丑, more than 38,700 koku of grain is given to Dazaifu to relieve the smallpox patients in its jurisdiction. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第五 「仁壽三年」 9月 |
| AD 854 | Ise | In the seventh month, on day 庚戌, prayers are offered in advance to the Ise Grand Shrine to stop the wind and rain; the same day a storm blows houses away and floods overflow. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第六 「齊衡元年」 7月 |
| AD 854 | Mutsu | In the fourth month, on day 壬午, Mutsu province reports signs of unrest (poor harvest, soldiers deserting, bandit gangs like tigers) and asks for 1,000 reinforcements; granted. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第六 「齊衡元年」 4月 |
| AD 854 | Mutsu | In the fifth month, on day 戊戌, 10,000 koku of grain is given to Mutsu province to relieve the captured barbarians (fushū). | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第六 「齊衡元年」 5月 |
| AD 854 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the seventh month, on day 乙巳, Bizen province presents an upasaka (lay devotee) who has refused grain; he is placed at Shinten-in, people gather, and they call him a saint. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第六 「齊衡元年」 7月 |
| AD 854 | Iwami | On the last day of the eleventh month (辛亥), Iwami province presents a sweet spring (reisen); an edict changes the fourth year of Ninju to Saikō. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第六 「齊衡元年」 11月 |
| AD 855 | Mutsu | In the first month, Mutsu reports that captured barbarians in the remote areas killed each other with swords and asks for 2,000 reinforcements; granted. On day 戊申, a further request for 2,000 receives an edict to take only 1,000 soldiers from kinsei (近省). | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 1月 |
| AD 855 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the second month, a long star (comet) appears in the northeast (observation place presumed to be the capital). | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 2月 |
| AD 855 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the second month, on day 丁卯, an edict orders Minister of the Right Fujiwara no Yoshifusa and others to compile the Shoku Nihon Kōki. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 2月 |
| AD 855 | Dazaifu | In the fourth month, on day 丙午, Dazaifu reports by post horse that Prince Tsugumine, governor of Hyūga, fell ill and tried to kill the pursuit officer (tsuihōshi) Taguchi no Fusatomi; he is stripped of rank and title. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 4月(閏) |
| AD 855 | Nara (Todaiji) | In the fifth month, on day 庚子, Tōdai-ji reports that the head of the Vairocana Great Buddha fell to the ground by itself. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 5月 |
| AD 855 | Nara (Todaiji) | In the sixth month, on day 甲申, Councillor Fujiwara no Ujimune is sent to Tōdai-ji to see the fallen head of the Great Buddha. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 6月 |
| AD 855 | Heijo-kyo (Saho) | In the seventh month, on day 戊申, Gen no Masaru and Kiyohara no Takio are sent to the Saho mausoleum of Emperor Shōmu to report that the Great Buddha collapsed on the twenty-third day of the fifth month and to vow that it will be recast. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 7月 |
| AD 855 | Dazaifu | In the seventh month, on day 丙寅, Dazaifu forwards the memorial of the student monk Enzai (圓載), who went to Tang to study. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 7月 |
| AD 855 | Usa Hachiman (Buzen) | In the ninth month, on day 壬子, Shōnagon Toshimi-ō is sent to the Great Hachiman Bodhisattva shrine at Usa (Buzen Province) to report the recasting of the Great Buddha. (Usa is not in the gazetteer, so the location is unverified.) | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 9月 |
| AD 855 | Yamazaki-tsu (Settsu/Yamashiro) | In the tenth month, on day 癸巳, a fire breaks out at the Yamazaki ferry landing and more than 300 houses burn. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 10月 |
| AD 855 | Dewa | In the tenth month, on day 甲午, the burdens on more than 19,000 needy people of Dewa are remitted. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第七 「齊衡二年」 10月 |
| AD 856 | Dazaifu | In the third month, on day 壬子, Dazaifu reports that thirty Silla people drifted ashore; they were given food and sent back. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第八 「齊衡三年」 3月 |
| AD 856 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the third month, on day 戊午, the Tsukiyomisa shrine of Kadono district, Yamashiro, which was eroding along the riverbank, is moved to the mountain south of Matsuo. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第八 「齊衡三年」 3月 |
| AD 856 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the third month, earthquakes occur frequently; houses collapse and pagodas tilt in the capital and south of the castle. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第八 「齊衡三年」 3月 |
| AD 856 | Etchu | In the seventh month, on day 辛亥, Etchū province reports drought (later, on day 庚申, Wakasa province also reports drought). | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第八 「齊衡三年」 7月 |
| AD 856 | Katano | In the eleventh month, on day 辛酉, Abe no Yasuhito is sent to the Nochi-Tawara mausoleum to announce that on the twenty-fifth of this month a sacrifice to Kōten (the August Heaven) will be held in the Katano fields of Kawachi; on day 甲子 the sacrifice at the Circular Mound (enkyū) is carried out. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第八 「齊衡三年」 11月 |
| AD 856 | Oarai (Hitachi) | In the twelfth month, on day 戊戌, Hitachi province reports that a god newly descended at Ōarai Isozaki in Kashima district; a salt-maker saw light on the sea at night and found two strange stones. Fiction | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第八 「齊衡三年」 12月 |
| AD 857 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the first month, the calendar official Ōkasuga no Manomaro asks to make a new calendar based on the Gokireki (Five Cycles) method, because the Daien calendar differs from the Tang calendar; granted. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第八 「天安元年」 1月 |
| AD 857 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the second month, on day 丁亥, Fujiwara no Yoshifusa is appointed Daijō-daijin, Minamoto no Makoto Sadaijin and Fujiwara no Yoshimi Udaijin. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第九 「天安元年」 2月 |
| AD 857 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the second month, on day 己丑, the era is changed to Ten'an, citing a white deer of Mimasaka and a connected-branch tree of Hitachi as omens. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第九 「天安元年」 2月 |
| AD 857 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the third month, on day 癸丑, guards of the left and right, the Hyōe and kebiishi are sent to capture bands of robbers south of the capital. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第九 「天安元年」 3月 |
| AD 857 | Osaka-no-seki (Otsu) | In the fourth month, on day 庚寅, three barriers are newly established in Ōmi at Ōsaka (the old barrier), Daiseki and Yūka, with provincial officials and militia stationed there. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第九 「天安元年」 4月 |
| AD 857 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | At the end of day 乙丑 in the fifth month, the rain does not clear, the floods overflow, cutting roads and bridges and breaking the embankments (on day 丙辰 of the same month, water also overflows in the capital). | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第九 「天安元年」 5月 |
| AD 857 | Tsushima | In the sixth month, on day 庚寅, Dazaifu reports by post horse that about 300 men, including the Kamigōri officials Urabe no Kawachimaro and the Shimogōri Gitairyō Atai no Uranushi, surrounded the residence of Governor Tachino Masamine and killed Masamine with fire arrows, together with ten of his attendants and six sakimori (frontier guards). | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第九 「天安元年」 6月 |
| AD 857 | Tsushima | In the seventh month, on day 辛亥, Dazaifu is ordered by edict to pardon the wives and children of innocent men who were forced to join the Tsushima rebels or died in prison. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第九 「天安元年」 7月 |
| AD 858 | Tsushima | In the second month, on day 庚申, the Tsushima people who killed Tachino Masamine and burned the official residence and houses are referred to the criminal court (keikan) for trial. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第十 「天安二年」 2月(閏) |
| AD 858 | Higo (Kikuchi) | In the second month, on day 丙辰, Higo province reports that the drum in the armory (heiko) of the Kikuchi castle sounded by itself; it sounded again the next day. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第十 「天安二年」 2月(閏) |
| AD 858 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the fourth month, on day 庚子, the rain that had continued from day 壬辰 to day 己亥 this month finally stops (the rains before the great flood of day 壬午 in the fifth month). | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第十 「天安二年」 4月 |
| AD 858 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the fifth month, on day 壬午, heavy rain floods the rivers; water from the Dōkutsu River enters the Reizen-in, and the left and right capitals suffer flood damage with many drowned. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第十 「天安二年」 5月 |
| AD 858 | Dazaifu | In the sixth month, on day 丁未, Dazaifu reports that on the first day of the fifth month a great wind and heavy rain destroyed all official residences and damaged nine provinces and two circuits (on the same day the armory of Kikuchi castle also burned). | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第十 「天安二年」 6月 |
| AD 858 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the eighth month, on day 乙卯, Emperor Montoku dies at the Shinsei-den; earlier, on the night of day 辛亥, he suddenly fell ill, and on day 壬子 the illness became severe and he could no longer speak. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第十 「天安二年」 8月 |
| AD 858 | Heian-kyo (Kyoto) | In the ninth month, on day 甲子, at night, the late emperor (Daikō-tei) is buried at the Tamura mausoleum; earlier, on day 庚申, the site of Maharaka hill in Tamura village, Kadono district, Yamashiro, was fixed as the mausoleum site. | 日本文德天皇實錄 卷第十 「天安二年」 9月 |
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