Region: Japan · Coordinates: 35.021, 135.756 · 144 events
| Year | Source | Account |
|---|---|---|
| AD 793 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | The court sent Dainagon Fujiwara no Oguromaro and Sadaiben Ki no Kosami to survey the land of Uda village in Kadono district, Yamashiro, for the relocation of the capital (construction of the new palace begins). |
| AD 793 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Councilor Ichishino-ō and others were sent to inform the Kamo Great Deity of the relocation of the capital. |
| AD 793 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Officials of fifth rank and above, and chief clerks (shuden) of the offices and above, were ordered to supply labor (yakufu) to build the palace walls of the new capital. |
| AD 793 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Sugano no Mamichi and Fujiwara no Kadonomaro and others were sent to allocate residential lots in the new capital. |
| AD 794 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | By imperial edict Yamashiro Province was renamed Yamashiro, and the new capital was named Heian-kyō (in Ōmi, Furutsu was renamed Ōtsu). |
| AD 796 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | The state of Bohai sent envoys with local products as tribute; the king presented a letter (kei) announcing the death of his predecessor. |
| AD 797 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Earthquake and storm: the gates of the left and right capital wards and many houses collapsed. |
| AD 798 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Naturalized Tang people, including Sūzan no Imiki Michimitsu, were poor; an order was issued to grant rice according to their circumstances. |
| AD 799 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Because the Hōraku-in was not yet finished, a temporary hall was set up in front of the Daigokuden; the emperor attended and held a banquet with the Bohai envoy Dai Shōtai and others. |
| AD 804 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Heavy rain and great wind: the west tower of the Nakain (中院) fell, and the left and right towers of the Shinsen-en were destroyed. The emperor lamented, asking whether this was unfavorable to him. |
| AD 805 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Saichō, the monk who had gone to Tang to seek the Dharma, was summoned to a hall to perform a repentance and sutra-reading rite (kaige dokkyō); Saichō offered Buddha images from Tang. |
| AD 806 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Uda-no (宇太野) in Kadono district, Yamashiro, was made the site of the imperial tomb. Mourning was observed: all officials wore mourning robes. Fire broke out on two mountains to the north-west. |
| AD 806 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Emperor Kanmu was buried at the Kashiwabara mausoleum in Kii district, Yamashiro. His personal name was Yamabe, eldest son of Emperor Tenshō Kōshō. The earlier history is missing, so this entry records his whole life. |
| AD 806 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Emperor Heizei ascended the throne in the Daigokuden and changed the era name to Daidō; the historian commented that a change of era not waiting until the year after accession is contrary to ritual. |
| AD 807 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Fujiwara no Munanari, a hereditary-privilege son (onshi), incited Prince Iyo, Minister of Central Affairs (Nakatsukasa-kyō), toward rebellion. Great Counselor Fujiwara no Otomo heard of it and told Right Minister Fujiwara no Uchimaro; the prince first reported that Munanari had instigated him, and Munanari was confined in the Left Palace Guards (Sakonfu). (The origin of the Prince Iyo incident.) |
| AD 808 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Because of epidemic illness many died; the bones in the capital were gathered and buried, the Daihannya sutra was read at the great temples and in the Kinai and the seven circuits, and rice and salt were given to the sick. |
| AD 808 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Because of epidemic disease, horse archery was halted. Owing to flood damage in the first year of Daidō and the many who fell ill in epidemics since the year before, unpaid official grain (shōzei) was remitted for households with seven-tenths or more damage. |
| AD 809 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Emperor Heizei, unable to attend to government because of wind disease (fūbyō), issued an edict abdicating in favor of his younger brother, the Crown Prince. |
| AD 809 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | The Crown Prince (Emperor Saga) received the abdication and ascended the throne in the Daigokuden. |
| AD 810 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Bohai sent envoys with tribute; the king presented a letter (kei) condoling the death of the former emperor Kanmu and congratulating the accession of the present emperor. |
| AD 811 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | The Bohai envoy Ko Nan'yō returned home; a letter to the Bohai king praising good neighborliness was issued, and his ship was exchanged so that the vice-envoy could escort him. |
| AD 811 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | The Great Counselor Sakanoue no Tamuramaro died at his villa in Awada at the age of 54; the record notes that in Enryaku 23 he was raised to general for the pacification of the barbarians and achieved merit. |
| AD 812 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | The emperor visited the Shinsen garden, enjoyed the flowers, and had his literati compose poems: the beginning of the flower banquet (kaen). |
| AD 815 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | The emperor summoned officials of fifth rank and above and the Balhae envoys to a banquet, with female musicians performing. |
| AD 816 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Summer clothes were given to the Balhae vice-envoy Gao Jingxiu and the others, and a letter to the Balhae king was issued informing him that on Xiaolian's return voyage last year the ship broke and Xiaolian died of illness. |
| AD 816 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | A great night wind knocked down the Rajō Gate; the capital and many provinces suffered heavy damage. |
| AD 819 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Men of Yuezhou in Great Tang, Zhou Guanglun and Yan Shengze, came on a Silla ship and asked for news of the Tang; they were told that in the eleventh year of Yuanhe, Li Shidao of Yuanzhou (圓州) rebelled with 500,000 soldiers, and that the Son of Heaven sent the troops of the various circuits to suppress him but did not succeed. |
| AD 819 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Balhae sent envoys with local products as tribute; the king Ren-xiu (仁秀) presented a letter (kei). |
| AD 820 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | A letter to the Balhae king was issued, noting that the previous envoy Kamtok (感徳) and others could not come because their ship had drifted, and that a single ship had been specially sent for them. |
| AD 822 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | A banquet is held at the Hōraku Hall for officials of fifth rank and above and for foreign guests; the Balhae envoy Wang Wenju and others play dagiu (polo), and 200 tun of cotton is offered as a prize. |
| AD 823 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Emperor Saga moves to the Reizen-in and tells Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu that he intends to abdicate to the crown prince. Fuyutsugu objects, citing the burden on the retired sovereigns, but the emperor does not give way. |
| AD 823 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Emperor Junna moves from the crown prince's palace to the inner palace. Earlier, Prince Tokiyo had firmly declined the succession, and Prince Masara is established as crown prince. |
| AD 824 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | By edict, the fifteenth year of Kōnin is renamed the first year of Tenchō. |
| AD 824 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Retired Emperor Heijō is buried at the Yōryū mausoleum. The compilers remark that he had a broad mind but was jealous, and that at the start of his reign his punishment of his brothers and their mothers was excessively severe. |
| AD 827 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | During a drought, Shōsōzu Kūkai requests that the Buddha relic be brought into the inner palace for worship and the ritual bathing of images; rain falls. |
| AD 828 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Heavy rain floods the roads of the capital and the rivers overflow; mountains collapse, and many people and goods are swept away. Relief envoys are sent to the left and right capitals. |
| AD 829 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | By imperial edict, since pestilence has spread through the provinces and the people die young, 100 monks are to be ordained to avert calamity through the merit of renunciation. |
| AD 831 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Earthquake (on the same day Prince Motoyoshi, of no rank, dies; the entry continues with a memorial by the Daisōzu Kūkai). |
| AD 832 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | By edict: last autumn's poor harvest left the provinces hungry, and this year drought and epidemic continue, with fires as well. For seven days the Sutras of the Kings (kyōō) are to be read through in all provinces of the Home Provinces and the Seven Circuits. |
| AD 833 | Nihon Kōki (Later Chronicles of Japan) | Emperor Junna moves to the Saiin in order to abdicate. On the same day, at the hour of the snake, a great earthquake strikes; the abdication to the crown prince follows. |
| AD 833 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In February, Emperor Junna issued a decree at the Junna-in transferring the throne to the crown prince Masara Shinnō. |
| AD 833 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In March Emperor Ninmyō took the throne in the Daigokuden and issued the enthronement edict. |
| AD 833 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In April, ten naturalized Silla people, men and women headed by Kim Yejin (金礼眞), were entered in the household registry at Sakyō Gojō. |
| AD 834 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In May Fujiwara no Tsunetsugu was appointed envoy to the Tang, concurrently serving as acting governor of Bitchū, and Mishima no Shimatsugu was appointed deputy shipbuilding officer. |
| AD 834 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In December an edict was issued to put into effect the Ryō no Gige, compiled in the Tenchō era. |
| AD 835 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In February Chōmine no Takana was appointed quasi-judge for the Tang mission, Matsukawa no Sadatsugu as recorder, and interpreters were appointed. |
| AD 836 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In February, for the Tang envoys, a rite was held at Kitano for the heavenly and earthly deities and government business was suspended. |
| AD 836 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In September the Tang envoys and deputies entered the capital from the Dazaifu and returned their sword of office, marking the failure of the first voyage. |
| AD 837 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In the twelfth month, from dawn to night a great wind blew; houses in the capital were damaged in many places. |
| AD 840 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In the fifth month, the retired emperor Junna died at the Junna-in; the Three Barriers of Ōmi, Ise and Mino were ordered to be strictly guarded. |
| AD 840 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In the sixth month, Ono no Takamura, who had been exiled, entered the capital and, dressed in yellow robes, bowed in thanks. |
| AD 841 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In the ninth month, floods swept away people's houses; the bridges of the capital and the Yamazaki Bridge were all washed away. |
| AD 842 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In the third month, the Bohai guests led by He Fuyan left Kawayō, entered the capital, and were lodged at the Kōrokan. |
| AD 842 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In the fourth month, the Bohai envoy He Fuyan and others presented a letter case and gifts at the Hachishō-in. |
| AD 842 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In the seventh month, the retired emperor Saga died at the Saga-in, aged 57; by his last edict he was given a simple burial. |
| AD 842 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | The Jōwa Incident: in the seventh month, Tomo no Kotomine, a Palace Attendant of the crown prince's household, was accused of conspiring with Tachibana no Hayanari to overthrow the state; the crown prince (Tsunesada) was deposed and those implicated were punished. |
| AD 842 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In the eighth month, an edict was issued naming Prince Michiyasu (Dōkō) crown prince. |
| AD 842 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In the eighth month, Councillor Prince Shōkyū sent the deposed crown prince to the Junna-in. |
| AD 844 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In the seventh month, Minamoto no Tsune was appointed Minister of the Left and Tachibana no Ujikimi Minister of the Right; the same day, gold of 200 small ryō was ordered sent through Ninkō to the Tendai learning-visit monk Ennin and the student monk Enzai in Tang. |
| AD 845 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In the third month, a fire broke out at the east eaves of the Jinjū-den; people put it out. |
| AD 849 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In the fourth month, the Ryōkyakushi admitted the Bohai envoy Wang Wenju and others to the capital and lodged them at the Kōrokan; by imperial proclamation (senmyō), their breach of the once-in-twelve-years tribute deadline was pardoned. |
| AD 850 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the third month, on day 己亥, Emperor Ninmyō dies at the Seiryōden; Crown Prince Michiyasu (Montoku) receives the divine seal and a precious sword and moves to the Tōgū Aen. |
| AD 850 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the third month, on day 癸卯, following the edict, Emperor Ninmyō is buried frugally at the Fukakusa mausoleum. |
| AD 850 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the third month, on day 乙巳, a storm with thunder topples trees at the Saga mausoleum; Chūnagon Abe no Yasuhito is sent to inspect it. |
| AD 850 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the fifth month, on day 辛巳, Empress Dowager Tachibana no Kachiko, widow of Emperor Saga, dies; the next day she is buried simply at Mount Fukatani. |
| AD 850 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the fourth month, on day 甲子, Emperor Montoku ascends the throne at the Daikyokuden; on the previous day, 癸亥, the accession is reported to the Fukakusa mausoleum. |
| AD 850 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the seventh month, on day 己亥, heavy rain collapses the twelve-jō ryūbidō (dragon-tail stone stairway) in front of the Daikyokuden. |
| AD 850 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the eleventh month, on day 戊戌, Prince Korehito (later Emperor Seiwa) is made crown prince. |
| AD 850 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In the first month, bands of bandits committed arson and plunder; a decree ordered the Left and Right Capital Offices and the provincial governors of Kinai to search. |
| AD 850 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In the second month, as his illness grew grave, he had the crown prince and ministers called beneath his bed to receive his last instructions, and released his hawks and dogs. |
| AD 850 | Shoku Nihon Kōki | In the third month, Emperor Ninmyō died at the Seiryō-den; the imperial seal and sword were attended by the crown prince's direct office. |
| AD 851 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the second month, on day 丙辰, the Seiryōden where the late emperor rested is moved and made into the Buddhist hall of Kashō-ji; the reigning emperor could not bear to use it. |
| AD 851 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the fourth month, on day 庚午, the era is changed to Ninju; in the first year of his reign, the era is changed citing omens of a white tortoise and sweet dew. |
| AD 851 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the eighth month, on day 甲寅, a kebiishi (inspector) is sent to distribute grain to the people of the capital hit by flood; earlier, on day 己酉, there was heavy rain. |
| AD 851 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the eighth month, on day 乙丑, the Saiin princess of Ise purifies herself at the Kamo River and enters Nonomiya the same day, in preparation for the Daijōsai. |
| AD 851 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the tenth month, on day 甲子, the emperor visits the Kamo River and greatly carries out the misogi purification rites before the Daijōsai. |
| AD 851 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the eleventh month, on day 辛卯, rites are held at the Hasshōin for the Daijōsai, followed by a banquet at the Buraku-in. |
| AD 852 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the second month, on day 丁巳, in the evening, a comet about five jō long appears in the western sky (observation place presumed to be the capital). |
| AD 852 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the intercalary eighth month, on day 己卯, rice from the granaries is distributed to the people of the capital hit by the great wind of day 乙亥 earlier, which blew houses away and uprooted trees. |
| AD 853 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the second month, smallpox (hōsō) spreads in the capital and the regions beyond, causing many deaths; it is the third outbreak since the ninth year of Tenpyō and the fifth year of Kōnin. |
| AD 853 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the fourth month, on day 乙酉, as smallpox spreads and people die, the Kamo festival is suspended and an envoy is sent to report the situation. |
| AD 853 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the eighth month, a fire breaks out in the Western Capital and spreads to more than 180 houses. |
| AD 854 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the seventh month, on day 乙巳, Bizen province presents an upasaka (lay devotee) who has refused grain; he is placed at Shinten-in, people gather, and they call him a saint. |
| AD 855 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the second month, a long star (comet) appears in the northeast (observation place presumed to be the capital). |
| AD 855 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the second month, on day 丁卯, an edict orders Minister of the Right Fujiwara no Yoshifusa and others to compile the Shoku Nihon Kōki. |
| AD 856 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the third month, on day 戊午, the Tsukiyomisa shrine of Kadono district, Yamashiro, which was eroding along the riverbank, is moved to the mountain south of Matsuo. |
| AD 856 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the third month, earthquakes occur frequently; houses collapse and pagodas tilt in the capital and south of the castle. |
| AD 857 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the first month, the calendar official Ōkasuga no Manomaro asks to make a new calendar based on the Gokireki (Five Cycles) method, because the Daien calendar differs from the Tang calendar; granted. |
| AD 857 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the second month, on day 丁亥, Fujiwara no Yoshifusa is appointed Daijō-daijin, Minamoto no Makoto Sadaijin and Fujiwara no Yoshimi Udaijin. |
| AD 857 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the second month, on day 己丑, the era is changed to Ten'an, citing a white deer of Mimasaka and a connected-branch tree of Hitachi as omens. |
| AD 857 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the third month, on day 癸丑, guards of the left and right, the Hyōe and kebiishi are sent to capture bands of robbers south of the capital. |
| AD 857 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | At the end of day 乙丑 in the fifth month, the rain does not clear, the floods overflow, cutting roads and bridges and breaking the embankments (on day 丙辰 of the same month, water also overflows in the capital). |
| AD 858 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the fourth month, on day 庚子, the rain that had continued from day 壬辰 to day 己亥 this month finally stops (the rains before the great flood of day 壬午 in the fifth month). |
| AD 858 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the fifth month, on day 壬午, heavy rain floods the rivers; water from the Dōkutsu River enters the Reizen-in, and the left and right capitals suffer flood damage with many drowned. |
| AD 858 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the eighth month, on day 乙卯, Emperor Montoku dies at the Shinsei-den; earlier, on the night of day 辛亥, he suddenly fell ill, and on day 壬子 the illness became severe and he could no longer speak. |
| AD 858 | Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku | In the ninth month, on day 甲子, at night, the late emperor (Daikō-tei) is buried at the Tamura mausoleum; earlier, on day 庚申, the site of Maharaka hill in Tamura village, Kadono district, Yamashiro, was fixed as the mausoleum site. |
| AD 858 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | Emperor Montoku dies on the twenty-seventh day of the eighth month at the Shinsei-den of the Reizen-in. The palace guard generals guard the crown prince's quarters and hand the divine seal, the precious sword and other regalia to the crown prince. |
| AD 858 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the seventh day of the eleventh month, Emperor Seiwa (age nine) ascends the throne at the Daikyokuden and proclaims an edict. |
| AD 860 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | Wind and rain do not stop; the two rivers east and west of the capital overflow so that people and horses cannot pass; in the coastal provinces the tides overflow, causing damage to people and livestock. |
| AD 863 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the twentieth day of the fifth month, a goryō-e is held at Shinsen-en, a rite to appease the restless spirits of those unjustly killed, Emperor Sudō and Prince Iyo; the four gates of the garden are opened so that the people of the capital may watch. |
| AD 866 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the twenty-second day of the intercalary third month, because the Ōten Gate burned, all officials are gathered before the Kaishō Gate. Twenty monks of Sūfuku-ji read the Daihannyakyō for seven days, and ten monks of Bonshaku-ji perform the Shitennō rite for seven days to avert the calamity. (The Ōten Gate and the east and west galleries burned on the night of the tenth day of the intercalary third month.) |
| AD 866 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the third day of the eighth month, Ōtaku no Ōtori of the left capital accuses Great Counselor Tomo no Yoshio and the Assistant of the Right Gate Guards Tomo no Nakatsune of conspiring to set fire to the Ōten Gate (the Ōten Gate incident). |
| AD 866 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the nineteenth day of the eighth month, by imperial decree, Daijō-daijin Fujiwara no Yoshifusa is ordered to conduct the government of the realm (the beginning of regency). |
| AD 867 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | This year the country suffers shortages both inside and out; people starve, especially in the Kinai. Bandits gather in groups to block roads, plunder and set fires, so provincial governors are ordered to set up five-household mutual-surveillance units (gokasakuhō) to watch over the population. |
| AD 869 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the first day of the second month, the emperor, sitting in audience (rinken), makes Prince Sadaaki (later Emperor Yōzei) crown prince and reads the investiture document. |
| AD 869 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the thirteenth day of the fourth month, the compilation of the Jōgan-kaku (Jōgan regulations) is complete, and Great Counselor Fujiwara no Ujimune and others present it at court. |
| AD 871 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the seventh day of the intercalary eighth month, thunder and heavy rain suddenly cause the river to overflow; the roads and bridges of the capital are swept away and houses collapse. An envoy is sent to make offerings at the shrines to pray for the rain to stop. |
| AD 871 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the twenty-eighth day of the ninth month, Empress Dowager Fujiwara no Junshi, mother of Emperor Montoku, dies. |
| AD 871 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the fourteenth day of the twelfth month, the Onyōryō says an epidemic will come next year, and the old folk say a year when flowers bloom in winter brings a great plague across the realm; offerings and sutra recitations are ordered in the provinces of the Five Capitals and Seven Circuits. |
| AD 872 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the twenty-fourth day of the fifth month, the Balhae envoy Yang Chenggui asks to offer private gifts to the emperor and the crown prince, and it is granted. The same day, by edict, a banquet (kyokuen) is held and imperial garments are bestowed (reception of the Balhae envoys). |
| AD 872 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the second day of the ninth month, Daijō-daijin Fujiwara no Yoshifusa dies at the Higashi-Ichijō residence at the age of sixty-nine. |
| AD 875 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the twenty-eighth night of the first month, a fire at the Reizen-in burns fifty-four buildings, and the books and documents kept in the secret archive turn to ash. |
| AD 875 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the twenty-eighth day of the fourth month, at the hour of the rabbit, a reddish comet (the source reads 'white comet ... its color red') appears in the northeast with a halo of light; on the second of the fifth month it is a little over one jō long. On the same fourth-month day the emperor first begins to read the Shiki (史記). |
| AD 876 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the eleventh day of the fourth month, the former governor of Tanba, Abe no Hōshō, and Kasa no Kōkō are suspected of setting the fire and are held for investigation (the investigation into the fire of the Daigyokuden). |
| AD 876 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the twenty-ninth day of the eleventh month, the emperor (Seiwa) abdicates to the crown prince (Yōzei), and Minister of the Right Fujiwara no Mototsune is ordered to assist the young sovereign and conduct the government in his stead. |
| AD 877 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the third day of the first month, Emperor Yōzei ascends the throne at the Buraku-den, since the Daikyokuden has not yet been rebuilt, and proclaims an edict. |
| AD 877 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the ninth day of the fourth month, at the hour of the snake, reconstruction of the Daikyokuden begins. Princes and courtiers, with the carpenters led by Hitan, entertain at the Hasshōin the officials in charge of the work and the craftsmen. |
| AD 879 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the eighth day of the tenth month the Daigyokuden is completed. The Minister of the Right holds a completion feast (kinrakuen, 釁落) in the Kanchō Hall of the Chōtō-in and entertains the officials and craftsmen who worked on the building, including the sawi and the carpenter Hitan. |
| AD 880 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the fifth day of the twelfth month, the death of the retired sovereign (Seiwa) is announced inside and outside the court. By edict no formal wailing ceremony is held; ordinary mourning is observed. All guard units are placed on strict alert and the barriers are closed. |
| AD 880 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the sixth day of the twelfth month, at the hour of the rat, a great earthquake strikes; from night until morning it shakes sixteen times. The stone platform at the northwest corner of the Daigyokuden cracks, and many palace walls and houses in the capital collapse. |
| AD 883 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the second day of the fifth month the Bohai ambassador Pei Ting presents the royal letter and sacred objects at the Chōtō-in; on the third day a banquet is bestowed at the Buraku-den. |
| AD 884 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the fourth day of the second month, Emperor Yōzei, claiming illness, sends a holograph request to the Daijō-daijin asking to hand over the throne, and moves to the Ijō-in, where he abdicates. |
| AD 884 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the twenty-third day of the second month, Emperor Kōkō ascends the throne at the Daikyokuden and proclaims an edict. |
| AD 884 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the night of the fifteenth day of the third month, a great thunderstorm and heavy rain strike the pagoda of Jōjū-ji with lightning; fire breaks out from its fifth story, and the lecture hall, main hall, bell tower, sutra repository, corridors and central gate burn to ashes in a moment. |
| AD 886 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the seventh day of the seventh month, after the rains from the fifth month end in a great storm and flood, envoys are sent to six shrines, including Kamo and Matsuo, with offerings to pray for the rain to stop. |
| AD 887 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the thirtieth day of the seventh month, at the hour of the monkey, a great earthquake continues for several hours. The emperor flees from the Inju-den to the south courtyard of the Jishin-den. Great damage strikes the capital and the Five Capitals and Seven Circuits; the sea tide rises onto the land and many drown, and Settsu suffers most (the Ninna earthquake). |
| AD 887 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | From dawn until evening on the twentieth day of the eighth month, a great storm of wind and rain uproots trees and collapses houses, and many are crushed to death. The Kamo and Kadono rivers overflow so that people and horses cannot pass. |
| AD 887 | Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku | On the twenty-sixth day of the eighth month the emperor is gravely ill and makes his seventh son (later Emperor Uda) crown prince; the same day, at the hour of the snake, he dies at the Inju-den at the age of fifty-eight. |
| AD 1180 | Azuma Kagami (Mirror of the East) | On the 9th day of the 4th month, Minamoto no Yorimasa, who had long planned to attack Taira no Kiyomori, secretly visited Prince Mochihito's palace at Sanjō-Takakura with his sons including Nakatsuna, and urged him to call on the Minamoto, including Yoritomo, to attack the Taira. The prince issued an imperial command (ryōji). Minamoto no Yukiie (Mutsu Jūrō Yoshimori), then in the capital, was sent east carrying the command. |
| AD 1181 | Azuma Kagami (Mirror of the East) | On the 4th day of the intercalary 2nd month, at the hour of the Dog, the lay priest Taira no Kiyomori, Chancellor of State, died at Morikuni's house by the Kujō riverbed. He had been ill since the 25th of the previous month. In his will he ordered the funeral held three days later, his bones placed in the Hokke-dō at Yamada in Harima, and his descendants to seek only to submit to the east. |
| AD 1181 | Azuma Kagami (Mirror of the East) | On the 13th day of the 8th month, an imperial decree (senge) was issued ordering Fujiwara no Hidehira to pursue Yoritomo and Taira no Sukenaga to pursue Kiso Yoshinaka. It was issued at the request of the Taira. |
| AD 1184 | Azuma Kagami (Mirror of the East) | (1184) On the 20th day of the 1st month, Noriyori and Yoshitsune, as Yoritomo's envoys, entered the capital with tens of thousands of horsemen to attack Yoshinaka. Noriyori came by way of Seta and Yoshitsune by the Uji road; Yoshinaka's forces blocked both routes but were defeated. Yoshinaka was beheaded near Awazu in Ōmi by Ishida Jirō, a resident of Sagami. |
| AD 1184 | Azuma Kagami (Mirror of the East) | On the 26th day of the 1st month, the imperial police (kebiishi) at Shichijō riverbed received the heads of Yoshinaka, Tadanaka, Kanehira, and Yukichika, and hung them on trees before the prison gate. They also paraded the prisoner Higuchi Kanemitsu through the streets. |
| AD 1184 | Azuma Kagami (Mirror of the East) | On the 29th day of the 1st month, the two Kantō commanders (Noriyori and Yoshitsune) left the capital with their troops for the west to subdue the Taira. |
| AD 1184 | Azuma Kagami (Mirror of the East) | On the 14th day of the 2nd month, Yemon-gon-no-suke Sadanaga, by imperial order, went to the Kyoto residence of the late Chūnagon Ienari (of the Nakamikado family) to interrogate Honsanmi Chūjō Shigehira. Doi Sanehira brought Shigehira in the same carriage, interrogated him on the bare veranda, and recorded his spoken statements and submitted them. |
| AD 1184 | Azuma Kagami (Mirror of the East) | On the 10th day of the 3rd month, the Honsanmi Chūjō Shigehira left the capital for the Kantō. Kajiwara Kagetoki escorted him, at Yoritomo's request. |
| AD 1184 | Azuma Kagami (Mirror of the East) | On the 26th day of the 8th month, an express messenger from Yoshitsune arrived and reported that on the 10th he had summoned Nobuchika's sons, Kanehira, Nobuhira, and Kanetoki, to their lodgings and killed them, and that on the 11th a decree removing Nobuchika from office had been issued. |
| AD 1184 | Azuma Kagami (Mirror of the East) | On the 12th day of the 9th month, a messenger from Mikawa no Kami Noriyori came with a letter stating that he had entered the capital on the 27th of last month, received the official order to pursue the enemy on the 29th, and set out for the western sea on the 1st day of the 9th month. |
| AD 1185 | Azuma Kagami (Mirror of the East) | (1185) On the 4th day of the 4th month, the report that all the Taira had been destroyed was delivered to the capital by Yoshitsune's messenger the previous night, and today Minamoto no Hirotsuna presented to the Senzai (Go-Shirakawa) the list of the dead and the captured. |
| AD 1185 | Azuma Kagami (Mirror of the East) | (1185) On the 29th day of the 8th month, the record of the minor appointments of the 16th day arrived, and most of the Minamoto received favor from the court. Yoshinori became Izu no Kami, Koreyoshi Sagami no Kami, Yoshikane Kazusa no Suke, and Yoshitsune Iyo no Kami. Yoshitsune's office was secretly requested of Yasutsune around the fourth month; his impropriety came to light, but the matter was left to the imperial decision, and these provinces became the Kantō's directly controlled provinces. |
| AD 1185 | Azuma Kagami (Mirror of the East) | (1185) On the 17th day of the 10th month, Tosabō Masatoshi led more than 60 horsemen and attacked Yoshitsune's residence at Rokujō-Muromachi in the capital, where Iyo Taifu Hōgan Yoshitsune lived. Yoshitsune's side did not have many men, but he and Satō Tadanobu and others rushed out through the opened gate and fought, and Yukiie came from behind to join, so Masatoshi withdrew. Yoshitsune at once ran to the Senzai and reported that he was safe. |
| AD 1185 | Azuma Kagami (Mirror of the East) | (1185) On the 25th day of the 11th month, a rumor reached that Hōjō Tokimasa had entered the capital. Shī Chūnagon (Moronori) told the court how Yoritomo was outraged by the rebellions of Yukiie and Yoshitsune, and on this day an imperial proclamation was issued ordering them to be found without fail. |
| AD 1185 | Azuma Kagami (Mirror of the East) | (1185) On the 26th day of the 11th month, the Ōkurakyō Yasutsune went into seclusion. It was Yasutsune who had conveyed the request for a pursuit decree against Yoshitsune, so Yoritomo was deeply angry, and his feeling reached the throne, and an imperial decree was issued as a result. Yasutsune had attached to a bamboo branch a letter that supported the rebellion of Yukiie and Yoshitsune and set it up in the courtyard of the Shi Chūnagon. |
| AD 1185 | Azuma Kagami (Mirror of the East) | (1185) On the 28th day of the 11th month, it was reported that stewards and constables would be appointed uniformly in all provinces, and that without distinguishing between the estates of powerful families and the crown, five shō of military rice per tan would be levied; Hōjō Tokimasa presented this to Fujiwara Tsunenaga (Tō-Chūnagon Kyō). |