Captain Cook's Journal (First Voyage)

Captain Cook's Journal (First Voyage): a Standard history source. Covers AD 1768 – 1771, with 143 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.

TypeStandard history
ViewpointOutsider account
Years coveredAD 1768 – 1771
Events143 events, 80 placed on the map
AuthorJames Cook (편: W.J.L. Wharton)
Original titleCaptain Cook's Journal During His First Voyage Round the World (H.M. Bark Endeavour)

Regions: Oceania 102 · Sub-Saharan Africa 11 · The Americas 9 · Southern Europe 7 · Southeast Asia 7 · Western Europe 4 · West Asia 3

Events

YearPlaceEventPassage
AD 1768The DownsLeaving the Downs, sailed for Plymouth (at noon South Foreland bore N.E. ½ N., 6–7 miles).원문 2341행 (1768-08-08)
AD 1768Plymouth SoundAnchored in 9 fathoms at the entrance of Plymouth Sound, then moved to an inner anchorage; the same entry records Banks and Solander's party coming aboard.원문 2370행 (1768-08-14)
AD 1768off Cape FinisterreSighted Finisterre and Ortegal, the headlands at Spain's north-west end; much water came in through the ship's upper works, so the sails were dried.원문 2490행 (1768-09-02)
AD 1768Funchal, MadeiraAnchored in 22 fathoms in the roads of Funchal, Madeira.원문 2582행 (1768-09-13)
AD 1768Funchal, MadeiraLeft Funchal at midnight.원문 2636행 (1768-09-19)
AD 1768off TenerifeThe north-east end of Tenerife was seen 3–4 leagues to the west; by reckoning the latitude was 28°27′.원문 2677행 (1768-09-24)
AD 1768off Boa Vista, Cape VerdePassed Boa Vista in the Cape Verde Islands at 3–4 miles, keeping along its east coast.원문 2734행 (1768-09-30)
AD 1768Equator crossingCrossed the Equator at 29°29′ west longitude.원문 2991행 (1768-10-25)
AD 1768South Atlantic, just south of EquatorEquator ceremony: by custom, anyone who could not prove on the chart that he had crossed the line before must pay for a bottle of rum.원문 3007행 (1768-10-26)
AD 1768South Atlantic off BrazilTo replenish food and livestock, they decided to call at Rio de Janeiro rather than another Brazilian port or the Falklands.원문 3124행 (1768-11-06)
AD 1768off Brazil coastLand of Brazil seen at NW ½ N, 8–10 leagues; from a fishing boat they heard that the land lay south of Santo Espiritu.원문 3145행 (1768-11-08)
AD 1768Rio de JaneiroAnchored in 5 fathoms off Cobras Island at Rio; the viceroy held an officer until Cook's landing.원문 3260행 (1768-11-14)
AD 1768Rio de JaneiroDecided not to land again unless they could move about without a guard boat.원문 3312행 (1768-11-17)
AD 1768Rio de JaneiroOn trying to leave the bay, Fort Santa Cruz fired two shots to stop them; no order to pass had been given.원문 3466행 (1768-12-05)
AD 1768off Rio de JaneiroHoisted anchor and were towed out; when a breeze came up they put to sea.원문 3489행 (1768-12-07)
AD 1769off Tierra del FuegoLand of Tierra del Fuego seen 3–4 leagues away.원문 3954행 (1769-01-11)
AD 1769Strait of Le MaireSpent the night off Cape Diego; tried to enter the Strait of Le Maire but the tide held them back, and they returned below the cape.원문 3985행 (1769-01-13)
AD 1769Bay of Success, Tierra del FuegoAnchored in 9 fathoms in Bay of Success; passing the Strait of Le Maire took three and a half days (editor's note).원문 4120행 (1769-01-16)
AD 1769Bay of Success, Tierra del FuegoCook was very anxious because Banks's party had not returned at the expected time; the same entry describes a man who died of cold during the night.원문 4177행 (1769-01-17)
AD 1769Bay of Success, Tierra del FuegoSet sail from the Bay of Success.원문 4221행 (1769-01-21)
AD 1769off Cape HornCape Horn seen WSW, 6 leagues; they took it as the starting point of the route.원문 4460행 (1769-01-26)
AD 1769off Diego Ramirez IslandsTwo-peaked islands seen about 8 leagues to the north; judged to be the Diego Ramírez islands.원문 4480행 (1769-01-28)
AD 1769Low Archipelago (Tuamotu)Many birds suggested land was near, but none was visible at dawn, so they decided not to spend time searching.원문 4981행 (1769-03-24)
AD 1769Lagoon IslandAn oval island about 2 leagues in circumference was found to the south, with a central lagoon; named Lagoon Island.원문 5079행 (1769-04-04)
AD 1769Thrum CapA round wooded island about 1 mile across, to the north-west, was named Thrum Cap.원문 5106행 (1769-04-05)
AD 1769Bow IslandAn atoll with a circumference of 12–15 leagues, shaped like a bow, was named Bow Island.원문 5122행 (1769-04-06)
AD 1769Paumotu IslandsNamed at the eastern end of a group of islands linked by reefs; it stretches 8–9 leagues from NW to SE.원문 5145행 (1769-04-07)
AD 1769Paumotu IslandsAn oval island with a double ring and a salt-water lake in the middle was discovered.원문 5183행 (1769-04-09)
AD 1769Osnaburg Island (Maitea)Osnaburg Island (now Maitea), named by Wallis, seen 4–5 leagues to the north-west.원문 5197행 (1769-04-10)
AD 1769King George's Island (Tahiti)King George's Island (Tahiti), high and mountainous, seen.원문 5216행 (1769-04-11)
AD 1769Matavai Bay (Royal Bay), TahitiOn 13 April anchored in 13 fathoms in Royal Bay (Matavai); few were sick.원문 5240행 (1769-04-13)
AD 1769Matavai Bay, TahitiAlex Buchan, Banks's landscape painter, died; as they did not know the native customs, they decided not to bury the body on land.원문 5447행 (1769-04-17)
AD 1769Matavai Bay, TahitiAs many people as possible were landed to begin building a fort; natives helped carry stakes and bundles.원문 5467행 (1769-04-18)
AD 1769Matavai Bay, TahitiThe woman whom the Dolphin's crew called the queen of the island was among the natives who came by canoe.원문 5567행 (1769-04-28)
AD 1769Matavai Bay, TahitiAs natives stole things and carried them east, they decided to detain all the large canoes and hold key men such as Tootaha.원문 5642행 (1769-05-02)
AD 1769Appara, TahitiBanks, Solander and Cook visited Appara, Tootaha's residence, by pinnace; many people had gathered at the landing.원문 5709행 (1769-05-05)
AD 1769York Island (Eimeo)Gore was put into the longboat to observe the transit of Venus from York Island (Eimeo).원문 5954행 (1769-05-31)
AD 1769TahitiThe transit of Venus was observed on 3 June; Solander also observed it.원문 5971행 (1769-06-03)
AD 1769TahitiThe transit party succeeded and returned; the York Island team was welcomed, and the island did not look very fertile.원문 5985행 (1769-06-04)
AD 1769TahitiFrom the natives they heard that two ships had stayed ten days at the eastern harbour of Ohidea 10–15 months earlier (editor: Bougainville).원문 5996행 (1769-06-06)
AD 1769Tahiti (circuit)Banks and the others began a tour of the island; taking the eastern road, they reached the isthmus by evening.원문 6198행 (1769-06-26)
AD 1769TahitiTwo marines went into the mountains and each took a wife, refusing to come back; the chief Obariea and others were detained.원문 6359행 (1769-07-10)
AD 1769Matavai Bay, TahitiAfter bidding farewell at Apparra, they weighed anchor and left Tahiti, completing a three-month stay.원문 6438행 (1769-07-13)
AD 1769HuaheineOn reaching the north-west of Huaheine the natives approached, but came close only after recognizing Tupia.원문 7443행 (1769-07-16)
AD 1769Owarhe Harbour, HuaheineAnchored in 18 fathoms in Owarhe harbour on the west side of the island.원문 7459행 (1769-07-17)
AD 1769Ulietea (Raiatea)After Tupia performed his ceremony, the English flag was raised and the island and nearby islands were claimed in the name of the King of England.원문 7540행 (1769-07-21)
AD 1769leaving Society IslandsAn east wind rose; they left the harbour and sailed south; among the islands they used little of their sea provisions.원문 7790행 (1769-08-09)
AD 1769Rurutu (Ohetiroa)Land seen to the south-east; Tupia called it Ohetiroa (editor: Rurutu).원문 7945행 (1769-08-14)
AD 1769South Pacific near 40 SAt 40°22′ south there were no signs of land, so they turned about.원문 8193행 (1769-09-02)
AD 1769off North Island, New ZealandNew Zealand's North Island land discovered from the masthead, bearing W ½ N.원문 8456행 (1769-10-07)
AD 1769Poverty BaySaw the mouth of a bay reaching deep inland and tried to enter, but at night the wind drove them off; canoes and people were seen inside the bay.원문 8473행 (1769-10-08)
AD 1769Poverty BayRowed around the inside of the bay but could not find a place to land because of heavy surf; Tupia called out to the natives who approached.원문 8554행 (1769-10-10)
AD 1769Poverty BayPut the three young men they had taken aboard ashore and weighed anchor.원문 8609행 (1769-10-11)
AD 1769east coast of North IslandOn anchoring, invited two elders from the canoes aboard; Tupia explained why they had come and that they meant no harm.원문 8938행 (1769-10-21)
AD 1769Tolaga BayOn 29 October, with a land breeze, sailed out of Tolaga Bay (its native name).원문 9052행 (1769-10-29)
AD 1769East CapeAfter sailing round the island, they took it to be the easternmost cape and named it East Cape.원문 9130행 (1769-10-31)
AD 1769Whale Island (Mowtohora)Passing the high island of Mowtohora (editor: Motuhora, Whale Island), a large double canoe came out.원문 9198행 (1769-11-02)
AD 1769Mercury BayAnchored in 7 fathoms inside the south side of the mouth of a large bay, looking for a good harbour.원문 9279행 (1769-11-04)
AD 1769Mercury BayGreen and others landed to observe the transit of Mercury (apparent time began at 7h 20m 58s).원문 9379행 (1769-11-09)
AD 1769Mercury BayThe longboat was sent to gather oysters; Banks and Solander went to see a fortified village on the north side of the bay.원문 9486행 (1769-11-12)
AD 1769Mercury BayOn 16 November they began to sail against the wind, from inside the island group on the north side of the bay toward the northern mainland.원문 9675행 (1769-11-16)
AD 1769Thames River (Waihou)The ship could go no farther, so they decided to investigate the inner part of the bay by boat, hoping to see the scenery inland.원문 9759행 (1769-11-20)
AD 1769Thames River (Waihou)In the forest they measured a tree 19 ft 8 in in circumference (6 ft above ground) and 89 ft from root to the first branch.원문 9779행 (1769-11-21)
AD 1769Cape BrettNamed Cape Brett after Sir Piercy Brett of the Admiralty.원문 9967행 (1769-11-27)
AD 1769Bay of IslandsAs soon as they anchored, 300 to 400 natives gathered around the ship in canoes.원문 10044행 (1769-11-30)
AD 1769Bay of IslandsLeaving the bay, they were nearly driven onto an island by the tide.원문 10225행 (1769-12-06)
AD 1769Doubtless BaySeven leagues west of Doubtless Bay there seems to be another large open bay, divided by a low isthmus.원문 10294행 (1769-12-10)
AD 1769Three Kings IslandsSmall islands were seen and judged to be the Three Kings Islands discovered by Tasman.원문 10465행 (1769-12-25)
AD 1770North CapeCertain that North Cape is the northernmost point of this land, the eastern tip of a peninsula stretching 17–18 leagues to the north-west.원문 10580행 (1770-01-02)
AD 1770Mount Egmont (Taranaki)Named Mount Egmont after the Earl of Egmont, for the peak seen above the clouds.원문 10747행 (1770-01-13)
AD 1770Queen Charlotte SoundFrom a native they obtained a human forearm just stripped of its flesh; they said they had eaten it.원문 10868행 (1770-01-17)
AD 1770Queen Charlotte SoundNatives brought four heads of people they had recently killed, in canoes; Banks swallowed one of them.원문 10924행 (1770-01-20)
AD 1770Motuouru Island, Queen Charlotte SoundThrough Tupia, explained to an old native on Motuouru Island that they had come to set up a marker on the island.원문 11105행 (1770-01-31)
AD 1770Cook StraitLeaving Queen Charlotte Sound on a north wind, they headed east across the strait.원문 11284행 (1770-02-07)
AD 1770Cape CampbellNamed the southern cape Cape Campbell; together with Cape Palliser it forms the southern entrance of the strait.원문 11343행 (1770-02-08)
AD 1770Cape PalliserAt sunset they reached Cape Palliser, and in clear weather saw its high, rugged terrain.원문 11428행 (1770-02-12)
AD 1770South Cape (Stewart Island)Named the southern tip of the island South Cape (editor's note: Cook's position was astonishingly accurate).원문 11879행 (1770-03-10)
AD 1770Dusky BayNamed Dusky Bay because they meant to enter it; there are several islands inside.원문 11954행 (1770-03-14)
AD 1770Admiralty BaySince the empty casks could hold over 30 tons, they decided to fill with water first and went to a bay between the island and Queen Charlotte Sound.원문 12212행 (1770-03-27)
AD 1770Admiralty BayEven after going five leagues farther up a western branch of the bay by pinnace, they could not see its end.원문 12247행 (1770-03-31)
AD 1770west of Cape FarewellWest of Cape Farewell, at 2°31′ west and latitude 40°0′: the start of the section of the voyage toward New Holland.원문 13235행 (1770-04-02)
AD 1770Cape HoweNamed the south-eastern cape of New Holland Cape Howe; a small island lies 2 leagues to the west.원문 13439행 (1770-04-20)
AD 1770near Botany BayFollowing the wind, they tried to land by rowing toward where four or five natives were seen.원문 13617행 (1770-04-28)
AD 1770Botany BayCame into the bay and anchored in 5 fathoms within 2 miles of the south shore; natives and huts on both headlands.원문 13649행 (1770-04-29)
AD 1770Botany BayFound many plants and so named it Botany Bay (at first called Stingray Bay).원문 13844행 (1770-05-06)
AD 1770Broken BayWhere the broken shore forms a bay, named Broken Bay (editor's note: the mouth of the Hawkesbury River).원문 13946행 (1770-05-07)
AD 1770Point StephensNamed the low rocky cape Point Stephens (latitude 32°45′); three small islands at the entrance.원문 14002행 (1770-05-11)
AD 1770Smoky CapeSmoky Cape seen bearing S ¾ W.원문 14075행 (1770-05-14)
AD 1770Indian HeadNatives gathered on a cape of black cliffs, so it was named Indian Head.원문 14269행 (1770-05-20)
AD 1770Bustard BayAnchored in 5 fathoms off the southern cape of a large open bay.원문 14367행 (1770-05-23)
AD 1770Thirsty SoundSeeing a long entrance stretching inland, they planned an inland exploration and first climbed a high hill.원문 14649행 (1770-05-30)
AD 1770leaving Thirsty SoundLeaving Thirsty Sound, they sailed north-west outside the chain of coastal islands.원문 14720행 (1770-05-31)
AD 1770Whitsunday PassageThe channels between the mainland and the eastern islands have good anchorage everywhere, so the whole is one safe harbour.원문 14855행 (1770-06-04)
AD 1770Cape UpstartA single rise standing alone from the low land was named Cape Upstart.원문 14905행 (1770-06-05)
AD 1770bay west of Cape GraftonAfter rounding Cape Grafton, anchored in 4 fathoms in a bay 3 miles west.원문 15048행 (1770-06-10)
AD 1770Endeavour Reef, Great Barrier ReefBefore 11 o'clock, in water that had been 17 fathoms, the ship grounded on the south-east edge of a coral reef and could not move; they took in sail and launched boats to sound the depth.원문 15095행 (1770-06-11)
AD 1770Great Barrier Reef near 16 SWhen they fothered the starboard bow with a sail, the leaks soon lessened.원문 15182행 (1770-06-13)
AD 1770Endeavour RiverOn the morning of 17 June, entering the harbour, the ship grounded twice.원문 15307행 (1770-06-17)
AD 1770Endeavour RiverMoored the ship beside the steep shore inside the harbour and landed the anchors, cables and cargo.원문 15316행 (1770-06-18)
AD 1770Endeavour RiverWhen the ballast was cleared, a leak was exposed where water poured in about 3 feet abaft the foremast.원문 15343행 (1770-06-21)
AD 1770Endeavour RiverMoved the ship farther inside and laid it over at low tide to examine the leak; it was near the floor-heads.원문 15355행 (1770-06-22)
AD 1770Endeavour RiverSeeing seven or eight natives to the south, two came down to a sand point opposite; then four appeared with a plank canoe.원문 15624행 (1770-07-10)
AD 1770Endeavour RiverGore shot one of the animals mentioned earlier: 80 lb (54 lb after removing the entrails and so on).원문 15860행 (1770-07-27)
AD 1770Endeavour RiverOn 4 August at about 7 p.m., set sail with a land breeze and left the harbour.원문 15911행 (1770-08-04)
AD 1770Lizard IslandFrom the highest hill of the island, seeing an endless reef line running NW–SE 2–3 leagues outside, they were discouraged.원문 16204행 (1770-08-12)
AD 1770opening in the Barrier ReefEntering a gap in the reef by boat and with the flood tide, a rapid current carried the ship through like a mill-race.원문 16457행 (1770-08-17)
AD 1770off Possession Island, Torres StraitLanded on the island, hoisted the English flag, declared possession of the whole east coast in the name of King George III, calling it New Wales, and fired three volleys (editor's note: the island is Possession Island).원문 16751행 (1770-08-22)
AD 1770Dutch-held island near RotteWhen Gore landed, residents said the ship could anchor in a bay to windward and that food would be provided.원문 18145행 (1770-09-18)
AD 1770Dutch-held island near RotteThe Dutch governor-general, also king of this region, came looking for the ship with attendants and promised to supply all goods soon at East India Company prices.원문 18169행 (1770-09-19)
AD 1770Dutch-held island near RotteWhen Cook refused, some 100 men (with muskets and spears) gathered at the landing place, nearly overturning the negotiations so far.원문 18207행 (1770-09-20)
AD 1770Dama IslandA low small island not on the charts (Dama) was discovered 3 leagues south-south-west.원문 18412행 (1770-09-22)
AD 1770Sunda StraitSunda Strait: the hills of Prince's Island bear SW, Krakatoa bears north at 10 miles.원문 18497행 (1770-10-02)
AD 1770off Anger Point, JavaAnchored in calm water; sent Hicks to a Dutch ship off Anger Point to ask for news; a strong current runs to the south-west.원문 18512행 (1770-10-03)
AD 1770BataviaAnchored in Batavia roads: the English East Indiaman Harcourt, two English ships there, and 13 large Dutch ships, among others.원문 18677행 (1770-10-11)
AD 1770BataviaMet the governor-general, who said he would supply everything needed; they decided to submit their requests to the council the next morning.원문 18744행 (1770-10-12)
AD 1770Onrust and Cooper's IslandAnchored in 7 fathoms off Cooper's Island next to Onrust; both islands have wharves, and the repair facilities are on Onrust.원문 18840행 (1770-10-18)
AD 1770BataviaWent into town to send, by the first Dutch ship, copies of the log for the Admiralty and charts of the South Pacific, New Zealand and the east coast of New Holland.원문 18879행 (1770-10-24)
AD 1770BataviaThe surgeon Monkhouse died of fever at Batavia; as the sick increased, the losses grew larger.원문 19052행 (1770-11-07)
AD 1770Onrust IslandInspection of the hull: the false keel had vanished up to 20 feet ahead of the sternpost, and the keel was badly damaged in several places.원문 19063행 (1770-11-09)
AD 1770Onrust IslandPraised how the Dutch easily and safely laid over even large ships for repair.원문 19100행 (1770-11-14)
AD 1770Batavia RoadOn 26 December they departed at 6 a.m. (blocked by sea winds, soon anchored again); more than 40 sick.원문 19203행 (1770-12-26)
AD 1771Princes Island (Sunda Strait)Anchored in 18 fathoms south-east of Princes Island to take on firewood, water and fresh stores to recover strength; the crew's health was worse than when they left Batavia.원문 19389행 (1771-01-06)
AD 1771Java HeadSetting out into the Indian Ocean, Java Head was ENE at 4–5 leagues.원문 19438행 (1771-01-17)
AD 1771Indian OceanMarine corporal John Trusslove died; they blamed the water taken on at Princes Island and put lime into the casks.원문 19473행 (1771-01-24)
AD 1771Indian OceanCharles Green, whom the Royal Society had sent to observe the transit of Venus, died at night.원문 19506행 (1771-01-29)
AD 1771Indian OceanFour died of dysentery within 24 hours (including the sailor John Thompson); there was also a lack of healthy men to look after the sails.원문 19522행 (1771-01-31)
AD 1771Indian OceanHenry Jeffs, Emanuel Parreyra and Peter Morgan died of dysentery (editor's note: seven died at Batavia; 23 had died from departure up to this point).원문 19706행 (1771-02-27)
AD 1771off South African coastLand seen about 8 leagues to the north (South African coast).원문 19806행 (1771-03-07)
AD 1771Cape AgulhasCape Laguillas (editor: L'Agulhas) bore west 3 leagues; a south wind blew, so they turned about.원문 19866행 (1771-03-12)
AD 1771Table Bay, Cape TownA Dutch boat came to direct them to their anchorage; they anchored in 7 fathoms around 10 o'clock.원문 19919행 (1771-03-15)
AD 1771Cape TownA Dutch ship brought news that war between England and Spain was about to break out.원문 20179행 (1771-04-13)
AD 1771Cape TownThree men died at the Cape; the complement was made up with replacements and they prepared to sail.원문 20186행 (1771-04-14)
AD 1771Table Bay, Cape TownWithout waiting for English news, they left the bay on a west-south-west wind and fired a 13-gun salute.원문 20191행 (1771-04-15)
AD 1771St HelenaOn 30 April at noon they anchored in 24 fathoms in front of James Fort; the warships Portland and Swallow and 12 Indiamen were there.원문 20412행 (1771-04-30)
AD 1771St HelenaOn 5 May they left the anchorage with the Portland and 12 Indiamen.원문 20445행 (1771-05-05)
AD 1771off Ascension IslandAscension Island seen NNW 7 leagues; handed over the Admiralty letters and a chest of logs to Captain Elliott.원문 20473행 (1771-05-10)
AD 1771North AtlanticMet a whaling schooner from Rhode Island.원문 20736행 (1771-06-19)
AD 1771North AtlanticFrom the masthead, 13 large ships were seen (judged to be an East India fleet).원문 20754행 (1771-06-21)
AD 1771Western ApproachesFrom a Boston ship they heard that England had no news of them at all, and there was even a wager that they had sunk.원문 20850행 (1771-07-07)
AD 1771off Scilly IslesStruck bottom at 60 fathoms and judged their position to be level with the Scillies; at noon Land's End came into view.원문 20876행 (1771-07-10)
AD 1771The LizardThe Lizard headland and lighthouse bore NW 5 leagues; two ships that looked like warships.원문 20884행 (1771-07-11)
AD 1771English ChannelRan up the Channel quickly on a south-west wind and passed the Bill of Portland and Peverell Point.원문 20895행 (1771-07-12)
AD 1771The DownsOn 13 July they anchored at the Downs; Cook went ashore and set off for London.원문 20901행 (1771-07-13)

Other sources of the same era

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