Book of Northern Qi (Bei Qishu), Annals: a Standard history source. Covers AD 525 – 577, with 94 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.
| Type | Standard history |
|---|---|
| Viewpoint | Insider account |
| Years covered | AD 525 – 577 |
| Events | 94 events, 82 placed on the map |
| Author | 李百藥 |
| Original title | 北齊書 |
Regions: China 94
| Year | Place | Event | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| AD 525 – 527 | 秀容(忻州) | Joined Du Luozhou's rebellion, then broke with him and went over to Ge Rong, and later returned to Erzhu Rong at Xiurong. This is how Gao Huan entered Erzhu Rong's service. | 北齊書 卷1 |
| AD 530 – 531 | 滏口(磁縣) | With Erzhu Zhao's permission, led the Six Garrisons refugees out from Jinyang through Fukou toward Shandong, swearing an oath with Zhao at the Zhang River in Xiangyuan. Then stationed at Ye. | 北齊書 卷1 |
| AD 531 | 信都(冀州) | When Gao Huan stationed his army at Xindu, Gao Qian and Feng Longzhi opened the city gates to receive him and took Jizhou. | 北齊書 卷1 |
| AD 531 | 信都(冀州) | On the day gengzi of the 6th month, raised the banner against the Erzhu at Xindu (Jianyi). | 北齊書 卷1 |
| AD 532 | 鄴 | Liu Dan, Governor of Xiangzhou, defended the city stubbornly, but Gao Huan attacked with earthen mounds and tunnels, took Ye and occupied it. | 北齊書 卷1 |
| AD 532 | 韓陵(安陽) | In the intercalary 3rd month, at Hanling he formed a round formation, blocked the retreat by linking oxen and donkeys, and crushed the 200,000-strong allied army of the Erzhu (Battle of Hanling). | 北齊書 卷1 |
| AD 532 | 洛陽 | Entered Luoyang, deposed Emperor Jiemin and the Zhongxing emperor (the deposed ruler), and enthroned Emperor Xiaowu. | 北齊書 卷1 |
| AD 532 | 晉陽 | Judging Jinyang a key point hemmed in on all sides, he set up the Grand Chancellery there and settled while campaigning against Erzhu Zhao. Afterwards Jinyang became the military center of Eastern Wei and Northern Qi. | 北齊書 卷1 |
| AD 533 | 秀容(忻州) | Dou Tai, with elite troops, raced 300 li in a day and night, raided Erzhu Zhao's base and defeated him at Chihong Ridge. Erzhu Zhao hanged himself. | 北齊書 卷1 |
| AD 534 | 洛陽 | When Gao Huan brought his army across from Hebei, Emperor Xiaowu fled to Chang'an. On the day jiyou Gao Huan entered Luoyang and stayed at Yongning Monastery. | 北齊書 卷2 |
| AD 534 | 長安 | Emperor Xiaowu fled to Chang'an that same day, while his ministers' plans were still divided. This marks the start of the split of the Northern Wei. | 北齊書 卷2 |
| AD 534 | 洛陽 | In Luoyang, Yuan Shanjian, heir of the Prince of Qinghe, was set up as Emperor Xiaojing. 'Wei was thereupon split in two' (division into Eastern and Western Wei). | 北齊書 卷2 |
| AD 534 | 鄴 | Luoyang was close to the west and bordered Liang, so its position was unfavorable. They debated moving the capital to Ye, and within three days of the edict, 400,000 households set out. | 北齊書 卷2 |
| AD 536 | On the 1st month, day jiazi, Gao Huan led 10,000 cavalry and raided Western Wei's Xia Prefecture in four days. Entering the city at night by ladders, he captured the prefect and moved 5,000 households. | 北齊書 卷2 | |
| AD 537 | 蒲津(永濟) | Dou Tai's army was defeated and he killed himself. Gao Huan reached Pujin but could not rescue him because the ice was too thin, and withdrew. | 北齊書 卷2 |
| AD 537 | 沙苑(大荔) | Gao Huan crossed the Yellow River at Pujin and campaigned west with 200,000 men; Yuwen Tai camped at Shayuan. Blocked by the terrain, Gao's army withdrew, and the western army advanced beating drums, causing great chaos. 180,000 suits of armor and weapons were abandoned, and Gao Huan returned by camel and boat (Battle of Shayuan). | 北齊書 卷2 |
| AD 538 | 河陰(孟津) | Hou Jing and Gao Ang besieged Dugu Xin at Jinyong, and Emperor Wen of Western Wei and Yuwen Tai came to relieve him. In the 8th month, at Heyin, they won a major victory and captured tens of thousands (Situ Gao Ang died in battle). Yuwen Tai burned his camp and withdrew, as Gao Huan had left Jinyong empty. | 北齊書 卷2 |
| AD 543 | 虎牢 | Gao Shen, governor of Beiyuzhou, defected to Western Wei by holding Hulao. In the 3rd month, Yuwen Tai besieged the southern city of Heqiao. | 北齊書 卷2 |
| AD 543 | 芒山(孟津) | On the 3rd month, day wushen, at Mangshan he crushed the Western Wei army, captured more than 400 officers from the commander down, and killed or took 60,000 prisoners. Gao Huan then lost his horse and was in peril, but escaped (Battle of Mangshan). | 北齊書 卷2 |
| AD 546 | 玉壁(稷山) | Gao Huan besieged Western Wei's Yubi City, attacking with earthen mounds, tunnels and waterway approaches, but Wei Xiaokuan held out. After 50 days 70,000 of his men had died, and in the 11th month he withdrew, sick (Battle of Yubi). | 北齊書 卷2 |
| AD 547 | 晉陽 | On the 1st month, day bingwu, Gao Huan died at Jinyang at the age of 52. His death was concealed, and afterwards Hou Jing rebelled. | 北齊書 卷2 |
| AD 547 | 鄴 | On the 8th month, day jiashen, he was buried west of the Zhang River, northwest of Ye, and Emperor Xiaojing saw him off at Zimo. | 北齊書 卷2 |
| AD 547 | 長社 | On the 1st month, day xinhai, Situ Hou Jing rebelled in Henan, and Sima Shiyun, governor of Yingzhou, opened his city in support. Gao Cheng sent Han Gui to suppress them. | 北齊書 卷3 |
| AD 547 – 548 | 黎陽 | On the 3rd month, day xinhai, Gao Cheng went south to Liyang, crossed the Yellow River at Hulao, passed through Luoyang, and returned to Jinyang along the Taihang Mountains. | 北齊書 卷3 |
| AD 549 | 鄴 | On the 7th month, day xinmao, Gao Cheng (aged 29) was killed in Dongbo Hall by six men led by Lan Jing, son of Lan Qin, who had been captured from Liang. Gao Yang rushed in, cut down Lan Jing's group, and concealed the mourning. | 北齊書 卷3 |
| AD 549 | 晉陽 | After Gao Cheng's murder, Gao Yang went to Jinyang and personally took charge of the government, ruling with leniency. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 550 | 鄴 | On the 5th month, day xinhai, Gao Yang went to Ye (in preparation for abdication). | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 550 | On the 5th month, day wuwu, he received the abdication of Emperor Xiaojing and ascended the throne at the southern suburb of Ye, founding Northern Qi and changing the 8th year of Wuding to the 1st year of Tianbao. | 北齊書 卷4 | |
| AD 550 | 晉陽 | On the 9th month, day gengwu, the emperor went to Jinyang and paid respects at the mausoleum. Afterwards he traveled between Ye and Jinyang every year. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 550 | 陝城(三門峽) | On the 11th month, Yuwen Tai led his army to Shancheng, split his cavalry to cross northward, and reached Jianzhou. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 550 | 晉陽 | On day bingyin, Gao Yang led his troops out and camped east of the city. Seeing the army's strict discipline, Yuwen Tai sighed, 'Gao Huan is not dead,' and withdrew. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 551 | 曆陽(歷陽) | Husi Xian, governor of Hezhou, attacked the Liang garrison at Liyang and won. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 551 | 建鄴(建康) | Hou Jing deposed the Liang ruler Xiao Dong, took the throne at Jianye, and named his state Han. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 552 | 廣陵 | Xin Shu, Acting Governor of the Southeast Circuit, sent up the Transmitted Seal from Guangling (a result of the southern campaign in the 3rd month). | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 552 | On the 10th month he arrived at Huanglu Ridge and began building the long wall (Changcheng): 36 garrisons were set up over more than 400 li, up to the northern Shegan post. | 北齊書 卷4 | |
| AD 552 | 江陵 | On the 11th month, day xinsi, the Liang prince Xiao Yi was enthroned at Jiangling as Emperor Yuan and sent envoys. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 553 | 離石(呂梁) | On the 1st month the Shan Hu besieged Lishi, and Gao Yang set out to suppress them, but the Hu had already fled. He inspected Sandui post and returned after a large-scale hunt. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 553 | 平州(盧龍) | On the 10th month, day dingyou, on the campaign against the Khitan he reached Pingzhou and advanced by the Changqian road. He sent Pan Xiangle toward Qingshan and Han Gui eastward to cut off the retreat. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 553 | On day jiachen, in the area of the Yangshi River, Gao Yang led the way over a mountain and crushed the Khitan, taking over 100,000 bodies and hundreds of thousands of livestock. Pan Xiangle also defeated a separate Khitan tribe at Qingshan. | 北齊書 卷4 | |
| AD 553 | 營州(朝陽) | On the day dingwei he reached Yingzhou; on this campaign he marched over a thousand li day and night, living on meat and water alone. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 553 | 碣石 | On the day dingsi he climbed Jieshi Mountain and gazed out at the sea. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 553 | 朔州 | In the twelfth month, when the Tujue attacked the Rouran, Gao Yang marched north from Jinyang, settled the Rouran at the Mayi River, and personally pursued the Tujue from Shuozhou, receiving their submission. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 554 | 石樓 | In the first month, by the Lishi road he attacked the Shanhu in three columns from different directions, cut down tens of thousands and pacified Shilou, a difficult pass the Wei had never reached. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 554 | In the fourth month, when the Rouran invaded Sizhou, Gao Yang was surrounded at Huangguadui in Hengzhou by tens of thousands of Rouran subtribes; with only a thousand-odd cavalry he broke out, pursued them, and seized the wives and children of Anluochen along with over thirty thousand captives. | 北齊書 卷4 | |
| AD 554 | 洛陽 | In the eighth month, Changshan King Gao Yan and others built Fa'e City, Xincheng, Yancheng and Henan City southwest of Luoyang. (In the ninth month the emperor came in person to lure the Zhou army, which did not come out.) | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 554 | 江陵 | Western Wei attacked Jiangling, where Liang Emperor Yuan was. Qi sent Prince Gao Yue of Qinghe and others to relieve him, but Jiangling fell before they arrived, and Emperor Yuan was killed by Yu Jin. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 555 | 夏首(武漢) | In the first month, Prince Gao Yue of Qinghe led his army across the Yangtze, attacked Xiashou and won, and the Liang governor of Yingzhou, Lu Fahe, was sent over to him. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 555 | In the third month, Prince Gao Huan of Shangdang attacked Dongguan and won, killing the Liang general Pei Zhiheng and killing or capturing several thousand. | 北齊書 卷4 | |
| AD 555 | 建鄴(建康) | In the fifth month, Xiao Ming, Marquis of Zhenyang, the Liang ruler set up by Qi, entered Jianye. (In the sixth month an edict permitted the people of Liang to return home.) | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 555 | 懷朔鎮(固陽) | In the seventh month, he set up supply depots at Bailu and with five thousand elite cavalry pursued the Rouran; on the day renwu he caught up with them at Huaishuo Garrison (Guyang), routed them, and pushed on as far as Woye, seizing over twenty thousand heads and hundreds of thousands of livestock. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 555 | In the tenth month, Liang general Chen Baxian ambushed and killed Wang Sengbian, deposed Xiao Ming, and then restored Xiao Fangzhi. | 北齊書 卷4 | |
| AD 555 | 石頭城(建康) | In the eleventh month, Grand Commandant Xiao Gui reached the Yangtze and sent Liu Damo and others across to garrison Shitou; pressed by Chen Baxian, he surrendered Shitou. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 555 | 幽州 | That year, 1.8 million corvée laborers were conscripted to build over nine hundred li of wall from Beixiakou in Youzhou to Hengzhou. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 556 | 鐘山(建康) | In the sixth month, Xiao Gui and others fought the Liang army west of Zhongshan but were routed by the rains; Xiao Gui and Li Xiguang died in battle, and only two or three in ten of the survivors returned. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 556 | In the twelfth month, Western Wei Chancellor Yuwen Jue received the abdication of Wei. (Founding of Northern Zhou; as this is the twelfth lunar month, it falls in the first month of 557 CE.) | 北齊書 卷4 | |
| AD 557 | Grand Steward Yuwen Hu of Zhou killed Emperor Min and set up his younger brother Yuwen Yu (Emperor Ming) in his place. | 北齊書 卷4 | |
| AD 557 | In the tenth month, Chen Baxian killed Liang emperor Xiao Fangzhi and enthroned himself (Emperor Wu of Chen). He declared himself a vassal of Qi and sent envoys to them. | 北齊書 卷4 | |
| AD 558 | 虎牢 | In the fourth month, Sima Xiaonan, governor of Beiyuzhou, took his city and fled to Zhou. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 558 | 鄴 | The Three Terraces of Ye (Jinfeng, Shengying and Chongguang) were completed. Gao Yang came from Jinyang, climbed the terraces for a feast, and granted a general amnesty. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 559 | 晉陽 | In the tenth month, on the day jiawu, Gao Yang suddenly died in the Deyang Hall of the Jinyang palace, aged 31. | 北齊書 卷4 |
| AD 559 | 晉陽 | In the tenth month, on the day guimao, Crown Prince Gao Yin ascended the throne in the Xuande Hall at Jinyang (Deposed Emperor), with a general amnesty. | 北齊書 卷5 |
| AD 560 | 鄴 | At a feast in the chancellery, Gao Yan (Prince of Changshan) seized the Shangshu Ling Yang Yin, Yan Zixian, Kezhu Huntianhe and Song Qindao, and in the Yufu he beheaded Zheng Zimo too, taking power. (Juan 5 records the same incident on the day yisi of the second month.) | 北齊書 卷6 |
| AD 560 | 晉陽 | In the eighth month, on the day renwu, Gao Yan ascended the throne in the Xuande Hall at Jinyang (Emperor Xiaozhao) and changed the era name from Qianming to Huangjian. (The deposed emperor was demoted to Prince of Jinan.) | 北齊書 卷6 |
| AD 561 | 晉陽 | In the eleventh month, Gao Yan died at the Jinyang palace at age 27, leaving an edict calling for Changguang King Gao Zhan to be summoned to succeed him. | 北齊書 卷6 |
| AD 561 | 晉陽 | In the eleventh month, on the day guichou, Gao Zhan ascended the throne in the Southern Palace at Jinyang (Emperor Wucheng) and changed the second year of Huangjian to Daning. | 北齊書 卷7 |
| AD 562 | In the first month he returned from Jinyang to Ye, made Consort Hu empress, and established his son Gao Wei as crown prince. | 北齊書 卷7 | |
| AD 562 | 冀州 | In the seventh month, Gao Guiyan, Grand Minister and Governor of Jizhou, Prince of Pingqin, revolted in Jizhou; Duan Shao and Lou Rui suppressed it, captured him, and executed Guiyan and his three sons in the market. | 北齊書 卷7 |
| AD 563 | 晉陽 | In the twelfth month, Zhou general Yang Zhong led over 200,000 men, including Ashina Mugan and other Tujue, in three columns from Hengzhou. On the day jiwei the Zhou army pressed Bingzhou (Jinyang); Dahexi Wu went toward Dongyong and Jinzhou. | 北齊書 卷7 |
| AD 564 | 晉陽 | On the first day of the first month, Zhou troops camped under the walls of Jinyang and fought west of the city, but the Zhou and Tujue forces were routed. Duan Shao pursued them beyond the frontier. | 北齊書 卷7 |
| AD 564 | 洛陽 | In the leap ninth month, Zhou forces came out by three routes: Yuchi Jiong toward Luoyang, Yang Kui toward Zhiguan, and Quan Jingxuan toward Xuanhu. In the eleventh month, on the day jiawu, Yuchi Jiong besieged Luoyang. | 北齊書 卷7 |
| AD 564 | 軹關(濟源) | In the eleventh month, on the day jiachen, Grand Commandant Lou Rui crushed the Zhou army at Zhiguan and captured Yang Kui. | 北齊書 卷7 |
| AD 564 | 豫州(懸瓠·汝南) | On the day yimao of the twelfth month, Wang Shiliang, governor of Yuzhou, surrendered his city to the Zhou general Quan Jingxuan. | 北齊書 卷7 |
| AD 564 | 晉陽 | In the twelfth month, on the day dingsi, the emperor set out from Jinyang to the south in person to relieve Luoyang. | 北齊書 卷7 |
| AD 564 | 洛陽 | In the twelfth month, on the day renxu, Grand Preceptor Duan Shao crushed Yuchi Jiong and the others and lifted the siege of Luoyang. On the day dingmao the emperor reached Luoyang and remitted taxes. | 北齊書 卷7 |
| AD 565 | 晉陽 | In the fourth month, on the day bingzi, following the Grand Astrologer's warning from the heavens, the emperor passed the throne to the crown prince and became Taishang Huangdi (Emperor Wucheng). (The Later Ruler ascended; first year of Tiantong.) | 北齊書 卷8 |
| AD 568 | 鄴 | In the twelfth month, on the day xinwei, the Taishang Huangdi (Emperor Wucheng) died in the Qianshou Hall of the Ye palace at age 32. | 北齊書 卷7 |
| AD 568 | In the eleventh month, Prince Chen Xu of Anchen, of the Chen state, deposed the ruler Chen Bozong and enthroned himself. | 北齊書 卷8 | |
| AD 571 | 鄴 | In the seventh month, on the day gengwu, Taibao Prince Gao Yan of Langye forged an imperial edict and killed the Minister in charge of the Secretariat, He Shikai, at the Southern Terrace; the same day he executed Shedi Fulian and others, and Feng Ziqong took his own life inside the palace. (Gao Yan was killed in the ninth month.) | 北齊書 卷8 |
| AD 572 | 鄴 | In the seventh month, on the day wuchen, Left Chancellor Prince Xianyang Hulü Guang and his younger brother Hulü Fengle, governor of Youzhou, were executed. | 北齊書 卷8 |
| AD 573 | 呂梁(彭城·徐州) | In the fifth month, Kaifu Yu Pohu and Changsun Hongluo fought Chen general Wu Mingche south of Lü Liang and were routed; Changsun Hongluo died in battle. Qin and Jing prefectures fell, and Wu Mingche then took the prefectures of He and He as well. | 北齊書 卷8 |
| AD 573 | 壽陽(壽縣) | In the sixth month, Wu Mingche besieged Shouyang (Shouxian) and took it in the tenth month, losing all of Huainan. | 北齊書 卷8 |
| AD 573 | 鄴 | On the tenth month, on the day xinchou, Gentleman of the Palace Cui Jishu and five others were killed. (Two days later, on the day guimao, the emperor went to Jinyang.) | 北齊書 卷8 |
| AD 574 | 朔州 | In the second month, Gao Sihao, Prince of Nan'an and governor of the Shuozhou xingtai (regional office), rebelled; Tang Yong and others crushed him, and Gao Sihao drowned himself in a river. | 北齊書 卷8 |
| AD 575 | 洛陽 | In the eighth month, Zhou forces entered the Luo River and camped at Mangshan, pressing on Luo City; they burned the floating bridge with fire boats, and the Heqiao was cut. In the intercalary month, Gao Anuogong left Jinyang to defend and reached Heyang, but the Zhou forces fled at night. | 北齊書 卷8 |
| AD 576 | 晉州(平陽·臨汾) | In the tenth month, while the Later Ruler was on a great hunt at the Qilian Pool, Zhou forces attacked Jinzhou; on the day guiyou they faced Yuwen Xian, Prince Qi of Zhou, at Jixi Plain, but did not fight until night, and then the Zhou army withdrew. | 北齊書 卷8 |
| AD 576 | 晉州(平陽·臨汾) | In the eleventh month, Zhou Emperor Wu returned to Chang'an, leaving only a detachment at Jinzhou; Gao Anuogong and others besieged Jinzhou city, and on the day wuyin the Later Ruler reached the besieging camp. | 北齊書 卷8 |
| AD 576 | 晉州(平陽·臨汾) | In the twelfth month, Zhou Emperor Wu came to relieve Jinzhou and on the day gengxu fought south of the city, where the Qi army was routed; the Later Ruler abandoned his army and fled first. (Wei Zheng's commentary: the army collapsed at Pingyang.) | 北齊書 卷8 |
| AD 576 | 晉陽 | In the twelfth month, on the day guichou, the Later Ruler entered Jinyang in fear and plotted to flee north to Beishuozhou and the Tujue; he left Gao Yanzong and Gao Xiaoheng to hold Jinyang. On the day dingsi he changed the era to Longhua, cut through the Wulong Gate at night, and headed for Ye. | 北齊書 卷8 |
| AD 576 | 晉陽 | In the twelfth month, on the day wuwu, An'de King Gao Yanzong ascended the throne at Jinyang by the consensus of the court and changed the era to Dechang. On the day xinyou he fought the Zhou army, was routed, and captured. | 北齊書 卷8 |
| AD 576 | 鄴 | On the twelfth month, on the day gengshen, the Later Ruler entered Ye; discussion of abdication followed. | 北齊書 卷8 |
| AD 577 | 鄴 | In the first month, on the day yihai, the eight-year-old infant ruler Gao Heng ascended the throne and changed the era to Chengguang; the Later Ruler became Taishang Huang. Yan Zhitui and others urged raising troops beyond the river and seeking refuge in Chen. | 北齊書 卷8 |
| AD 577 | 鄴 | In the first month, on the day jichou, Zhou troops reached Zimo Bridge; on the day guisi the west city gate burned, and the Taishang Huang fled east with about a hundred riders. The fall of Ye was imminent. | 北齊書 卷8 |
| AD 577 | 青州 | In the first month, the Taishang Huang reached Qingzhou intending to go to Chen, but at Dengcun south of Qingzhou he was captured by the Zhou general Yuchi Gang and escorted back to Ye. The Northern Qi perished (577). | 北齊書 卷8 |
| AD 577 | 長安 | The Zhou emperor Wu treated the Later Ruler as an honored guest and sent him to Chang'an with the empress dowager, the infant ruler and the princes, enfeoffing him as Duke of Wen. (In the seventh year of Jiande, 578, he was ordered to die on a false charge of rebellion.) | 北齊書 卷8 |
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