History of the Northern Dynasties (Beishi), Annals: a Standard history source. Covers AD 386 – 618, with 199 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.
| Type | Standard history |
|---|---|
| Viewpoint | Insider account |
| Years covered | AD 386 – 618 |
| Events | 199 events, 117 placed on the map |
| Author | 李延壽 |
| Original title | 北史 本紀 (卷1~12) |
Regions: China 198 · Korean Peninsula 1
| Year | Place | Event | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| AD 386 | 牛川 | Tuoba Gui (Emperor Daowu) ascended as King of Dai, offered sacrifices to Heaven, established a reign era, and held a great assembly at Niuchuan. | 北史 卷1 登國元年 |
| AD 386 | 高柳 | Qutu, on Liu Xian's side, pressed the southern border; joining forces with He Lin's Later Yan army at Gaoliu, they crushed Qutu. | 北史 卷1 登國元年 |
| AD 391 | 鐵歧山 | When Liu Weichen sent his son Zhili to strike the south, he was routed south of Tieqi Mountain; Weichen and his son fled. | 北史 卷1 登國6年 |
| AD 393 | 薛幹 | The Xuegan tribe hid Weichen's son Qugai and refused to hand him over; he campaigned south against them and massacred their stronghold. | 北史 卷1 登國8年 |
| AD 395 | 參合陂 | At Canhe Slope he crushed the invading army of Murong Bao of the Later Yan, capturing several thousand, from princes down to military officers. | 北史 卷1 登國10年 |
| AD 396 | 馬邑 | The emperor left Mayi with six commanderies and over four hundred thousand men, crossed south over Gouzhu Pass, and set out to campaign against the Later Yan. | 北史 卷1 皇始元年 |
| AD 396 | 晉陽 | After overlooking Yangqu and then Jinyang, Murong Nong, the Later Yan governor of Bingzhou, abandoned his city and fled, and Bingzhou was pacified. | 北史 卷1 皇始元年 |
| AD 397 | 信都 | Leading cavalry, he surrounded Xindu; that night Murong Feng fled to Zhongshan, and the next day the city surrendered. | 北史 卷1 皇始2年 |
| AD 397 | 钜鹿 | One night, while stationed at Bosi Fort in Julu, Murong Bao launched a night raid with his whole army; he met it with an unorthodox formation and crushed it. | 北史 卷1 皇始2年 |
| AD 397 | 新市 | At Xinshi he defeated He Lin in the battle at Yidai Fort; over twenty thousand surrendered, and then Zhongshan was pacified. | 北史 卷1 皇始2年 |
| AD 398 | 鄴 | He reached Ye, toured the palace grounds, intending to fix the capital there, and set up a temporary governing office (xingtai). | 北史 卷1 天興元年 |
| AD 398 | 平城 | He moved the capital to Pingcheng, began building palaces, and founded the ancestral temple and the altars of soil and grain. | 北史 卷1 天興元年 |
| AD 398 | 平城 | In the Tianwen Hall he received the seal and cord and ascended as emperor, granting a general amnesty, changing the era, and fixing Earth as the virtue of the Five Elements. | 北史 卷1 天興元年 |
| AD 399 | Three armies from three directions converged at once and routed more than thirty mixed Gaoche clans. | 北史 卷1 天興2年 | |
| AD 402 | 乾壁 | When Yao Xing took Qianbi, he personally marched west, crossed Mengkeng, and crushed Yao Xing's relief army. | 北史 卷1 天興5年 |
| AD 409 | 平城 | Qinghe King Tuoba Shao rebelled, and Emperor Daowu died at the Tianan Hall in Pingcheng at age 39. | 北史 卷1 天賜6年 |
| AD 410 | 牛川 | Changsun Song's army, returning from the great desert, was surrounded by the Rouran at Niuchuan, and Emperor Mingyuan set out on a northern campaign. | 北史 卷1 永興2年 |
| AD 416 | 滑臺 | Wang Zhongde, a general of Liu Yu of Song, entered Huatai, which Wei's Yanzhou governor Wei Jian had abandoned. | 北史 卷1 泰常元年 |
| AD 418 | 龍城 | Changsun Daosheng raided Feng Ba of the Northern Yan, went as far as Longcheng, and returned after moving over ten thousand households. | 北史 卷1 泰常3年 |
| AD 422 | 滑臺 | The army of Xi Jin crossed the Yellow River to attack Song's Huatai but could not take it, and asked for reinforcements. | 北史 卷1 泰常7年 |
| AD 423 | 武牢 | Hulao, held by the Song general Mao Dezu, fell after a long siege and the cutting off of its water supply. | 北史 卷1 泰常8年 |
| AD 424 | 盛樂 | Sixty thousand Rouran cavalry entered Yunzhong and took Shengle; Emperor Taiwu struck back with light cavalry. | 北史 卷2 始光元年 |
| AD 427 | 統萬 | He crushed Helian Chang and entered the Tongwan city, seizing vast quantities of treasure and palace women. | 北史 卷2 始光4年 |
| AD 428 | 安定 | Xi Jin advanced on Anding; An Jie sallied out and captured Helian Chang. (The remnants set up Helian Ding and fled to Pingliang.) | 北史 卷2 神䴥元年 |
| AD 429 | 栗水 | Leaving the baggage behind in the desert, he pursued the Rouran with light cavalry as far as the Lishui River; the Rouran fled west. | 北史 卷2 神䴥2年 |
| AD 430 | 洛陽 | An Jie crossed the Yellow River and took Luoyang, which the Song had held. (He then pacified Wuli as well.) | 北史 卷2 神䴥3年 |
| AD 430 | 平涼 | When Pingliang was surrounded, Helian She, younger brother of Helian Ding, surrendered; the garrison commanders at Chang'an and elsewhere fled, and Guanzhong was pacified. | 北史 卷2 神䴥3年 |
| AD 431 | Helian Ding raided north against Juqu Mengxun but was captured by Mu Huo of the Tuyuhun. | 北史 卷2 神䴥4年 | |
| AD 432 | 和龍 | He reached Helong, dug trenches, and surrounded it. (Campaign against Feng Hong of the Northern Yan.) | 北史 卷2 延和元年 |
| AD 439 | 姑臧 | After besieging Guzang, Juqu Mujian of the Northern Liang surrendered at the military gate with five thousand civil and military officials, and over two hundred thousand households came under control. | 北史 卷2 太延5年 |
| AD 442 | 鄯善 | Juqu Wuhui, King of Jiuquan, crossed the Liusha desert and occupied Shanshan. | 北史 卷2 太平真君3年 |
| AD 443 | 仇池 | He took Qiuchi; later the Di and Qiang set up Yang Wende and laid siege to it again. | 北史 卷2 太平真君4年 |
| AD 445 | 鄯善 | Wan Dugui rode light cavalry to Shanshan, captured its king Zhenda, and sent him to the capital. | 北史 卷2 太平真君6年 |
| AD 446 | 東雍 | At Dongyong he captured and killed Xue Yongzong of Shu in Hedong; men, women, old and young all leaped into the river and died. | 北史 卷2 太平真君7年 |
| AD 446 | He ordered that monks be buried in pits and Buddhist images smashed in several prefectures. (Persecution of Buddhism under Emperor Taiwu.) | 北史 卷2 太平真君7年 | |
| AD 448 | 焉耆 | Wan Dugui crushed Yanqi; King Jiushibeina fled to Kucha. | 北史 卷2 太平真君9年 |
| AD 450 | 懸瓠 | On the southern campaign, the imperial carriage set out to attack Xuanhu. | 北史 卷2 太平真君11年 |
| AD 450 | 瓜步山 | He crossed the Huai and set up a temporary palace on Guabu Mountain on the north bank of the Yangtze; Emperor Wen of Song asked for peace and a marriage alliance. | 北史 卷2 太平真君11年 |
| AD 452 | Through a rebellion by the eunuch Zong Ai, Emperor Taiwu died at the Yong'an Palace at age 45. | 北史 卷2 正平2年 | |
| AD 458 | 碣石山 | At the Huangshan Palace in Liaoxi he climbed Jieshi Mountain, gazed at the sea, and held a banquet with his officials on the summit. | 北史 卷2 太安4年 |
| AD 467 | 呂梁 | Wei Yuan crushed Song's Zhang Yong and Shen Youzhi east of Lü Liang. | 北史 卷2 皇興元年 |
| AD 469 | 東陽 | Dongyang fell, and the Song general Shen Wenxiu was captured. | 北史 卷2 皇興3年 |
| AD 470 | 曼頭山 | Zhangsun Guan crushed Shiyin of the Tuyuhun at Mantou Mountain. | 北史 卷2 皇興4年 |
| AD 471 | Emperor Xianwen handed the seal and the throne to the crown prince, the future Emperor Xiaowen, and became Taishang Huangdi. | 北史 卷2 皇興5年 | |
| AD 493 | 平城 | Emperor Xiaowen left Pingcheng at the head of more than three hundred thousand infantry and cavalry and began a southern campaign, which led to the debate on moving the capital to Luoyang. | 北史 卷3 太和17年 |
| AD 493 | 洛陽 | At Luoyang his ministers prostrated themselves before his horse and begged him to halt the southern campaign; he halted it and debated moving the capital. | 北史 卷3 太和17年 |
| AD 493 | 洛陽 | He ordered Mu Liang, Li Chong and Dong Jue to begin building the Luoyang capital (Luojing). | 北史 卷3 太和17年 |
| AD 493 | 鄴 | The new palace built west of Ye was completed, and he moved there to reside. | 北史 卷3 太和17年 |
| AD 494 | 平城 | He returned to the Pingcheng palace and, in the audience hall, divided those who would stay in Pingcheng from those who would move with the capital. | 北史 卷3 太和18年 |
| AD 494 | 懸瓠 | On the southern campaign route he reached Xuanhu (Yuzhou). | 北史 卷3 太和18年 |
| AD 495 | 鐘離 | He went around the south bank of the Huai to Zhongli; he captured three thousand Qi troops and then released them. | 北史 卷3 太和19年 |
| AD 495 | 洛陽 | The six palaces and all civil and military officials moved to Luoyang. | 北史 卷3 太和19年 |
| AD 497 | 長安 | He went to Chang'an and toured the Weiyang Palace, the Epang Palace and Kunming Pool. | 北史 卷3 太和21年 |
| AD 497 | 新野 | On the southern route he reached Xinye, leaving the attack on Zheyang to his generals. | 北史 卷3 太和21年 |
| AD 498 | 鄧城 | The Southern Qi generals Cui Huijing and Xiao Yan were crushed at Dengcheng. | 北史 卷3 太和22年 |
| AD 499 | 谷塘原 | During the southern campaign, Emperor Xiaowen died at the temporary palace on Gutang Plain at age 33. | 北史 卷3 太和23年 |
| AD 500 | 壽春 | Pei Shuye, governor of Yuzhou of Southern Qi, delivered Shouchun and submitted to Northern Wei. | 北史 卷4 景明元年 |
| AD 504 | 義陽 | Yuan Ying defeated Liang's Ma Xianpi at Yiyang and took Yiyang. | 北史 卷4 正始元年 |
| AD 504 | 漢中 | Xiahou Daoqian, acting governor of Liangzhou, took Hanzhong and surrendered to Northern Wei. | 北史 卷4 正始元年 |
| AD 505 | 劍閣 | Wang Zu, a commander under Xing Luan, repeatedly defeated Liang forces to the west and entered Jiange. | 北史 卷4 正始2年 |
| AD 506 | 鐘離 | Xing Luan crushed the Liang forces in Huainan and attacked Zhongli. | 北史 卷4 正始3年 |
| AD 507 | 鐘離 | A great flood struck Zhongli; Prince Yuan Ying of Zhongshan was routed and withdrew. | 北史 卷4 正始4年 |
| AD 508 | 信都 | Yuan Yu, Prince of Jingzhao and governor of Jizhou, rebelled and took the whole of Jizhou. (Later Li Ping took Xindu.) | 北史 卷4 永平元年 |
| AD 508 | 懸瓠 | Xing Luan took Xuanhu, beheaded the rebel leader Bai Zaosheng, and captured Liang generals and others. | 北史 卷4 永平元年 |
| AD 514 | 益州 | He appointed Gao Zhao Grand General and Commander-in-Chief for Pacifying Shu, ordering him to attack Yizhou from the west with 150,000 infantry and cavalry. | 北史 卷4 延昌3年 |
| AD 516 | 硤石 | Cui Liang and Li Ping took Xiashi, held by the Liang general Zhao Zuyue, beheaded Zhao, and captured his entire force. | 北史 卷4 熙平元年 |
| AD 524 | 沃野 | Poliuhan Baling, a man of Woye garrison, killed the garrison commander and rebelled, beginning the Rebellion of the Six Garrisons. | 北史 卷4 正光5年 |
| AD 524 | 秦州 | Mozhe Dati, a man of Qinzhou, seized the city, proclaimed himself King of Qin, and killed the governor Li Yan. | 北史 卷4 正光5年 |
| AD 525 | 彭城 | Yuan Fasheng, governor of Xuzhou, seized the city, proclaimed himself King of Song, and submitted to Liang, sending his son to Liang. | 北史 卷4 孝昌元年 |
| AD 526 | 博野 | At Bainiuluo in Boye, Ge Rong routed the forces of Yuan Shen, Prince of Guangyang, and Yuan Rong, Prince of Zhangwu; Yuan Rong died in battle. | 北史 卷4 孝昌2年 |
| AD 526 | 幽州 | Du Luozhou took Youzhou and captured its governor Wang Yannian and the Xingtai official Chang Jing. | 北史 卷4 孝昌2年 |
| AD 527 | 冀州 | Ge Rong took Jizhou and captured the governor Yuan Fu. | 北史 卷4 孝昌3年 |
| AD 528 | 陶渚 | At Taozhu, Erzhu Rong slaughtered Empress Dowager Ling, the infant emperor, Chancellor Yuan Yong, Prince of Gaoyang, and about two thousand ministers and nobles (the Heyin Incident). | 北史 卷5 永安元年 |
| AD 528 | 滏口 | With seven thousand cavalry, Erzhu Rong attacked Ge Rong at Fukou and captured him; the five prefectures of Hebei were pacified. | 北史 卷5 永安元年 |
| AD 529 | 濟南 | Yuan Tianmu, Prince of Shangdang, crushed Xing Gao at Jinan, and Xing Gao surrendered. | 北史 卷5 永安2年 |
| AD 529 | 洛陽 | Yuan Hao, Prince of Beihai, backed by Liang, entered Luoyang; the emperor fled north. | 北史 卷5 永安2年 |
| AD 530 | 安定 | Erzhu Tianguang struck Moqi Chounu and Xiao Baoyin at Anding, captured them, and Guanzhong was pacified. | 北史 卷5 永安3年 |
| AD 530 | 晉陽 | Erzhu Zhao raided Luoyang and moved Emperor Xiaozhuang to Jinyang. | 北史 卷5 永安3年 |
| AD 531 | 信都 | Gao Huan, Prince of Bohai, raised troops at Xindu, vowing to attack the Erzhu clan. | 北史 卷5 普泰元年 |
| AD 531 | 信都 | When Gao Huan's army reached Xindu, Gao Gan and Feng Longzhi opened the gates to receive him, and he took control of Jizhou. | 北史 卷6 普泰元年 |
| AD 532 | 韓陵 | At Hanling, Gao Huan crushed Erzhu Tianguang and others. | 北史 卷5 普泰2年 |
| AD 532 | 鄴 | Gao Huan took the city of Ye after an assault using earthen mounds and tunnels, and made it his base. | 北史 卷6 普泰2年(永熙元年 표기) |
| AD 532 | 晉陽 | After campaigning north against Erzhu Zhao, Gao Huan judged Jinyang an isolated strategic fortress, set up the Grand Chancellery there, and settled. | 北史 卷6 永熙元年 |
| AD 533 | 赤洪嶺 | Dou Tai raided the stronghold of Erzhu Zhao, pursued him to Chihongling and crushed him; Erzhu Zhao took his own life. | 北史 卷6 永熙2年 |
| AD 534 | 河橋 | Emperor Xiaowu, with more than one hundred thousand troops from six commanderies, camped at Heqiao and faced Gao Huan. | 北史 卷5 永熙3年 |
| AD 534 | 長安 | Emperor Xiaowu fled west and entered Chang'an, received by Yuwen Tai. | 北史 卷5 永熙3年 |
| AD 534 | 鄴 | Gao Huan enthroned Yuan Shanjian (Emperor Xiaojing) and moved the capital to Ye, splitting Wei into east and west. | 北史 卷5 永熙3年 |
| AD 534 | 鄴 | Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei ascended the throne and moved his carriage north to Ye. | 北史 卷5 東魏天平元年 |
| AD 534 | 洛陽 | After Emperor Xiaowu fled to Chang'an, Gao Huan entered Luoyang and stayed at Yongning Monastery. | 北史 卷6 永熙3年 |
| AD 534 | 略陽 | Yuwen Tai crushed the army of Houmochen Yue in the Lueyang area; Yue fled and died on Mount Qiantun. | 北史 卷9 永熙3年 |
| AD 535 | 雲陽谷 | Gao Huan raided Liu Lisheng, a Shanhu chief at Yunyanggu who styled himself Son of Heaven, and crushed him. | 北史 卷6 天平2年 |
| AD 536 | 夏州 | Gao Huan led ten thousand cavalry to raid Xiazhou of Western Wei, captured its governor Feiyetou He Boyimituo, and moved five thousand households. | 北史 卷6 天平3年 |
| AD 537 | 沙苑 | Gao Huan, Prince of Bohai, set out on a western expedition and was defeated at Shayuan. | 北史 卷5 東魏天平4年 |
| AD 537 | 小關 | Yuwen Tai ambushed Dou Tai, a general of Gao Huan, at Xiaoguan, captured his entire army, and killed Dou Tai. | 北史 卷9 大統3年 |
| AD 537 | 弘農 | Yuwen Tai attacked Hongnong, took it, and captured Li Huibo, governor of Shanzhou of Eastern Wei, along with eight thousand soldiers. | 北史 卷9 大統3年 |
| AD 538 | 洛陽 | When Hou Jing and others of Eastern Wei besieged Luoyang, Emperor Wen and Yuwen Tai marched east. | 北史 卷5 大統4年 |
| AD 542 | 玉壁 | Gao Huan besieged Yubi City, held by Wang Sizheng of Western Wei; the Western army did not come out, heavy snow killed his soldiers, and he withdrew in the eleventh month. | 北史 卷6 興和4年 |
| AD 543 | 邙山 | Gao Huan crushed the Western Wei army at Mangshan and pursued it as far as Hengnong. | 北史 卷5 東魏武定元年 |
| AD 546 | 玉壁 | Gao Huan attacked Yubi, held by Wei Xiaokuan, for fifty days without taking it, lost seventy thousand men whose bodies formed a mound, and withdrew sick. | 北史 卷6 武定4年 |
| AD 547 | 潁川 | Hou Jing, Minister of Works of Eastern Wei, brought the six prefectures of Henan from Yingchuan and submitted to Western Wei. | 北史 卷5 大統13年 |
| AD 547 | 晉陽 | Gao Huan died at Jinyang at age 52 (mourning began in the sixth month). | 北史 卷6 武定5年 |
| AD 548 | 渦陽 | Gao Yue and others crushed Hou Jing at Guoyang, capturing or killing more than fifty thousand. | 北史 卷5 東魏武定6年 |
| AD 548 | 黎陽 | Gao Cheng reached Lichang in the south, crossed at Wulao, passed through Luoyang, crossed the Taihang range, and returned to Jinyang. | 北史 卷6 武定6年 |
| AD 549 | 建康 | Hou Jing took Jianye (Jiankang), the capital of Liang. | 北史 卷5 東魏武定7年 |
| AD 549 | 潁川 | Gao Cheng attacked and took Yingchuan, capturing the Western Wei Grand General Wang Sizheng and others. | 北史 卷5 東魏武定7年 |
| AD 549 | 安陸 | Yang Zhong took Suizhou and besieged Ma Xiu, of Liang, at Anlu. | 北史 卷9 大統15年 |
| AD 550 | Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei yielded the throne to Gao Yang, Prince of Qi (founding of Northern Qi, first year of Tianbao). | 北史 卷5 東魏武定8年 | |
| AD 550 | 鄴 | Gao Yang (Emperor Wenxuan) ascended at the southern suburban altar, founding Northern Qi and changing the era. (The source continues with a presentation at Ye, 鄴下 適作, left as given.) | 北史 卷7 天保元年 |
| AD 551 | 南鄭 | Daxi Wu left Sanguan and marched to attack Nanzheng (Liangzhou). | 北史 卷9 大統17年 |
| AD 552 | 代郡 | Emperor Wenxuan personally attacked the Kumoxi at Daijun and crushed them, making the captives commoners of the Shandong region. | 北史 卷7 天保3年 |
| AD 553 | 成都 | Grand General Yuchi Jiong took Chengdu, and Jiannan was pacified. | 北史 卷5 西魏廢帝2年 |
| AD 553 | 平州 | He reached Pingzhou, took the route toward Changqian, crossed the mountains on foot, and crushed the Khitan. | 北史 卷7 天保4年 |
| AD 553 | 馬邑 | He attacked the Tujue, deposed the Rouran khan Kuti, placed Anluochen, son of Anrui, at the Mayi River, and received the Tujue's surrender. | 北史 卷7 天保4年 |
| AD 553 | 姑臧 | Yuwen Tai, with thirty thousand elite cavalry, crossed the Long mountains and the Jincheng River and reached Guzang; the Tuyuhun, in fear, presented tribute. | 北史 卷9 西魏廢帝2年 |
| AD 554 | 石樓 | He crushed the Shanhu, killing every male twelve years of age and above, and pacified Shilou. | 北史 卷7 天保5年 |
| AD 554 | 黃瓜堆 | Surrounded at Huangguadui by tens of thousands of Rouran cavalry, he broke out, pursued them, and seized more than thirty thousand. | 北史 卷7 天保5年 |
| AD 554 | 江陵 | Yu Jin took Jiangling, killed Emperor Yuan of Liang, and led over a hundred thousand officials and commoners away as slaves. | 北史 卷9 西魏恭帝元年 |
| AD 555 | 夏首 | Gao Yue, Prince of Qinghe, crossed the Yangtze and took Xiashou; Lu Fahe of Liang asked to surrender. | 北史 卷7 天保6年 |
| AD 555 | 懷朔 | With five thousand light cavalry he caught the Rouran at Huaishuo Garrison, routed them, and reached Woye. | 北史 卷7 天保6年 |
| AD 556 | Emperor Gong of Western Wei yielded the throne to Northern Zhou (end of Western Wei). | 北史 卷5 西魏恭帝3年 | |
| AD 556 | 鍾山 | Xiao Gui and others fought the Liang army west of Zhongshan but were defeated by the rains; the generals were all lost. | 北史 卷7 天保7年 |
| AD 556 | 雲陽 | Yuwen Tai fell ill at Yunyang, entrusted the succession to Yuwen Hu, and died at the Yunyang palace in the tenth month. | 北史 卷9 西魏恭帝3年 |
| AD 559 | 晉陽 | Emperor Wenxuan died suddenly in the Deyang Hall of the Jinyang palace at age 31. | 北史 卷7 天保10年 |
| AD 559 | 洮陽 | Helan Xiang took Taoyang and Honghe, two Tuyuhun cities. | 北史 卷9 明帝武成元年 |
| AD 560 | 晉陽 | Gao Yan (Emperor Xiaozhao) ascended the throne in the Xuande Hall at Jinyang. | 北史 卷7 皇建元年 |
| AD 561 | 晉陽 | Emperor Xiaozhao died at the Jinyang palace at age 27 and summoned Changguang King Gao Zhan to succeed him. | 北史 卷7 皇建2年 |
| AD 563 | 并州 | Yang Zhong of Northern Zhou, with more than a hundred thousand Tujue including Ashina Mukehan, invaded in three columns and pressed Bingzhou. | 北史 卷8 河清2年 |
| AD 564 | 晉陽 | Fighting west of the walls of Jinyang, Duan Shao crushed the Northern Zhou and Tujue forces and pursued them to the frontier. | 北史 卷8 河清3年 |
| AD 564 | 軹關 | Lou Rui crushed the Northern Zhou army at Zhiguan and captured Yang Biao. | 北史 卷8 河清3年 |
| AD 564 | 洛陽 | Duan Shao crushed Yuchi Jiong and others and lifted the siege of Luoyang. | 北史 卷8 河清3年 |
| AD 564 | 洛陽 | Yuchi Jiong besieged Luoyang; Yuwen Xian was stationed at Mangshan and Yuwen Hu at Shanzhou. (First Zhou campaign against Northern Qi.) | 北史 卷10 保定4年 |
| AD 564 | 洛陽 | When the Northern Qi army crossed the river and reached Luoyang at dawn, the Zhou forces scattered; Wang Xiong died and they withdrew. | 北史 卷10 保定4年 |
| AD 567 | 沌口 | Duke Wei Yuwen Zhi and others fought Chen's Chunyu Liang and Wu Mingche at Dunkou and were defeated. | 北史 卷10 天和2年 |
| AD 571 | 龍門 | Duke Qi Yuwen Xian crossed the Yellow River at Longmen, drove Hulü Guang back to Huagu, and took five newly built walls. | 北史 卷10 天和6年 |
| AD 572 | Emperor Wu had Grand Minister Yuwen Hu and his son Yuwen Hui killed and began to rule in person. | 北史 卷10 建德元年 | |
| AD 573 | 呂梁 | Fighting the Chen general Wu Mingche south of Lü Liang, the Qi forces were routed, and four prefectures, Qin, Jing, He and He, were lost. | 北史 卷8 武平4年 |
| AD 573 | 壽陽 | Wu Mingche of Chen took Shouyang. | 北史 卷8 武平4年 |
| AD 574 | He banned Buddhism and Daoism, destroyed scriptures and images, and returned monks and Daoist priests to lay life. (Northern Zhou persecution of Buddhism.) | 北史 卷10 建德3年 | |
| AD 575 | 洛陽 | Northern Zhou troops entered the Luo River, camped at Mangshan and pressed Luo City; they burned the floating bridge with fire boats, and the Heqiao was cut. | 北史 卷8 武平6年 |
| AD 575 | 河陰 | The emperor personally led six commanderies and took Heyin's great city of Northern Qi, but could not break the inner walls; he fell ill and withdrew in the ninth month. | 北史 卷10 建德4年 |
| AD 576 | 晉州 | Northern Zhou troops attacked Jinzhou while the Later Ruler was away hunting. | 北史 卷8 武平7年 |
| AD 576 | 晉州 | Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou came to relieve Jinzhou and in the battle south of the city crushed the Qi army; the Later Ruler abandoned his troops and fled first. | 北史 卷8 武平7年 |
| AD 576 | 晉陽 | An'de King Gao Yanzong ascended the throne at Jinyang and fought, but was routed by the Zhou army and captured. | 北史 卷8 武平7年 |
| AD 576 | 晉州 | Cui Song, governor of Jinzhou, secretly joined the attack, climbed the walls at dawn, and took Jinzhou. | 北史 卷10 建德5年 |
| AD 576 | 晉州 | In the decisive battle before Jinzhou the Qi army collapsed; military supplies were piled up for hundreds of li. | 北史 卷10 建德5年 |
| AD 576 | 并州 | The emperor fought day and night at Jinyang and captured Gao Yanzong, and Bingzhou was pacified. | 北史 卷10 建德5年 |
| AD 577 | 鄴 | When the Zhou army drew near, the infant ruler fled east from Ye. | 北史 卷8 承光元年 |
| AD 577 | 青州 | The Taishang Huang (the Later Ruler) was captured by the Zhou general Wei Xiangang at Dengcun, south of Qingzhou, and escorted to Ye, ending Northern Qi. | 北史 卷8 承光元年 |
| AD 577 | 鄴 | He besieged Ye, defeated the defenders, and pacified it (the Northern Qi capital fell). | 北史 卷10 建德6年 |
| AD 577 | 青州 | Wei Qin captured the Later Ruler of Northern Qi and Crown Prince Heng at Qingzhou. | 北史 卷10 建德6年 |
| AD 577 | 呂梁 | When Wu Mingche of Chen invaded Lü Liang, Liang Shiyan fought but was at a disadvantage and withdrew to Xuzhou. | 北史 卷10 建德6年 |
| AD 578 | 呂梁 | Wang Gui crushed the Chen forces at Lü Liang, captured Wu Mingche and others, and killed or took prisoner more than thirty thousand. | 北史 卷10 宣政元年 |
| AD 578 | 雲陽 | During a northern campaign the emperor fell ill and stayed at the Yunyang palace (he died in the sixth month). | 北史 卷10 宣政元年 |
| AD 579 | 洛陽 | He mobilized soldiers from the eastern prefectures to build the Luoyang palace, with as many as forty thousand men at a time. | 北史 卷10 大象元年 |
| AD 579 | 壽陽 | Wei Xiaokuan took Shouyang, Yuwen Liang took Huangcheng, and Liang Shiyan took Guangling, and the land north of the Yangtze was pacified. | 北史 卷10 大象元年 |
| AD 580 | 鄴 | Yuchi Jiong, governor-general of Xiangzhou, refused to be replaced and rose in revolt, opposing Yang Jian's seizure of power. | 北史 卷10 大象2年 |
| AD 580 | 鄴 | Wei Xiaokuan defeated Yuchi Jiong at Ye; Jiong took his own life, and Xiangzhou was pacified. | 北史 卷10 大象2年 |
| AD 580 | 益州 | Liang Rui defeated Wang Qian, beheaded him, and Yizhou was pacified. | 北史 卷10 大象2年 |
| AD 581 | Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou yielded the throne to Yang Jian (Sui); the end of Northern Zhou. | 北史 卷10 大定元年 | |
| AD 581 | 青海 | Yuan Xie defeated the Tuyuhun at Qinghai and forced their submission. | 北史 卷11 開皇元年 |
| AD 582 | 馬邑 | Li Chong defeated the Tujue at Mayi. | 北史 卷11 開皇2年 |
| AD 583 | 大興城 | He entered the new capital, Daxing City, in mourning dress. | 北史 卷11 開皇3年 |
| AD 583 | 涼州 | Dou Rongding defeated the Tujue and the Tuyuhun at Liangzhou. | 北史 卷11 開皇3年 |
| AD 587 | 江陵 | He abolished the Later Liang, pardoned Jiangling, and made Xiao Cong a Pillar of State and Duke of Ju. | 北史 卷11 開皇7年 |
| AD 588 | 六合 | Yang Guang, Prince of Jin, marched to Liuhe, Yang Jun, Prince of Qin, to Xiangyang, and Yang Su to Xinzhou; in total 518,000 men (ninety commanders) were sent to conquer Chen. | 北史 卷11 開皇8年 |
| AD 589 | 建康 | He Ruobi defeated the Chen army at Jiangshan, and Han Qin entered Jianye and captured the Chen ruler Chen Shubao, pacifying Chen. | 北史 卷11 開皇9年 |
| AD 590 | 會稽 | Across the south of the Yangtze, including Wuzhou, Kuaiji and Suzhou, rebels proclaimed themselves emperors or grand commanders; Yang Su put them down. | 北史 卷11 開皇10年 |
| AD 598 | Yang Liang, Prince of Han, was made commander with 300,000 men by land and sea to attack Goguryeo, but in the ninth month he withdrew because of plague. | 北史 卷11 開皇18年 | |
| AD 600 | Crown Prince Yang Yong and his sons were demoted to commoners; in the eleventh month Yang Guang was made crown prince. | 北史 卷11 開皇20年 | |
| AD 604 | 仁壽宮 | At the Renshou Palace, as the emperor's illness grew worse, he took leave of his officials; he died on the day dingwei of the seventh month at age 64. | 北史 卷11 仁壽4年 |
| AD 604 | 并州 | Yang Liang, Prince of Han and governor-general of Bingzhou, raised troops, and Yang Su pacified him. | 北史 卷12 仁壽4年 |
| AD 605 | 洛陽 | He ordered Yang Su, Yang Da and Yuwen Kai to build the Eastern Capital (Luoyang) and filled it with residents moved from Yuzhou. | 北史 卷12 大業元年 |
| AD 605 | 板渚 | He mobilized seven million men and women of Henan to dig the Tongji Canal, drawing water from the Yellow River at Banzhu to link with the Huai. | 北史 卷12 大業元年 |
| AD 605 | 江都 | The emperor sailed in a dragon boat to Jiangdu; hundreds of vessels stretched on for more than two hundred li. | 北史 卷12 大業元年 |
| AD 606 | 洛陽 | He entered the Eastern Capital from Yique with full ceremony and granted a general amnesty at the Duan Gate. | 北史 卷12 大業2年 |
| AD 607 | 榆林 | He pitched a great tent east of the walls of Yulin commandery and feasted Qimin Khan and 3,500 of his people. | 北史 卷12 大業3年 |
| AD 607 | 榆林 | He mobilized more than a million able-bodied men to build a wall from Yulin to the Zi River; the work was stopped after twenty days, but five or six of every ten laborers had died. | 北史 卷12 大業3年 |
| AD 608 | 涿郡 | He mobilized more than a million men and women of Hebei to dig the Yongji Canal, linking the Qin River to the Yellow River and reaching north to Zhuojun. | 北史 卷12 大業4年 |
| AD 609 | 大鬥拔谷 | On the dangerous road of Dadoubagu, wind, rain and sleet separated him from his palace women, and most of his soldiers froze to death. | 北史 卷12 大業5年 |
| AD 609 | 張掖 | He reached Zhangye, met the King of Gaochang, then received lands of the Western Regions and set up four commanderies, including Xihai. | 北史 卷12 大業5年 |
| AD 610 | 洛陽 | Dozens of bandits claiming to be Maitreya entered Luoyang through Jianguomen to plot a rebellion, and were beheaded by Yang Jian (暕), Prince of Qi. | 北史 卷12 大業6年 |
| AD 611 | 涿郡 | From Jiangdu he entered the Tongji Canal by dragon boat and went to Zhuojun, preparing the campaign against Goguryeo. | 北史 卷12 大業7年 |
| AD 611 | Floods submerged more than thirty commanderies in Shandong and Henan, and people sold one another as slaves; the levies for Goguryeo gave rise to bandits. | 北史 卷12 大業7年 | |
| AD 612 | 涿郡 | The Goguryeo expeditionary force gathered at Zhuojun: 1,130,000 men in total, with supplies double that number. | 北史 卷12 大業8年 |
| AD 612 | 遼東 | The emperor crossed the Liao River, fought a major battle at Dong'an and defeated the enemy, then surrounded the city of Liaodong. | 北史 卷12 大業8年 |
| AD 612 | 薩水 | Yuwen Shu and Xue Shixiong were defeated at the Sa River; the nine armies of the detached force collapsed and turned back. They withdrew in the seventh month. | 北史 卷12 大業8年 |
| AD 613 | 平壤 | The emperor crossed the Liao and sent Yuwen Shu and Yang Yichen against the walls of Pyeongyang (second expedition). | 北史 卷12 大業9年 |
| AD 613 | 黎陽 | Yang Xuangan, Minister of Rites, rebelled at Liyang while in charge of the expedition's supplies, then pressed on the Eastern Capital. | 北史 卷12 大業9年 |
| AD 613 | 閿鄉 | Yuwen Shu and others defeated Yang Xuangan at Wenxiang, killed him, and the rebellion was put down. | 北史 卷12 大業9年 |
| AD 614 | When Goguryeo asked to surrender and sent Husi Zheng bound, the emperor was overjoyed (end of the third expedition). | 北史 卷12 大業10年 | |
| AD 615 | 雁門 | Shibi Khan surrounded Yanmen with several hundred thousand cavalry, and the emperor was besieged until the siege was lifted in the ninth month. | 北史 卷12 大業11年 |
| AD 616 | 江都 | The emperor went to the Jiangdu palace and never returned. | 北史 卷12 大業12年 |
| AD 617 | 樂壽 | Dou Jiande built an altar at Leshou in Hejian and proclaimed himself King of Changle. | 北史 卷12 大業13年 |
| AD 617 | 興洛倉 | Li Mi and Zhai Rang took the Xingluo Granary; after opening it, their followers grew to hundreds of thousands. | 北史 卷12 大業13年 |
| AD 617 | 太原 | Duke Tang, Li Yuan, raised a volunteer army at Taiyuan. | 北史 卷12 大業13年 |
| AD 617 | 霍邑 | At Huoyi, the Duke of Tang defeated Song Laosheng, killed him, and opened the road to Chang'an. | 北史 卷12 大業13年 |
| AD 617 | 大興城 | The Duke of Tang entered the capital, Daxing City, honored Emperor Yang as Taishang Huang and enthroned Yang You, Prince of Dai. | 北史 卷12 大業13年 |
| AD 618 | 江都 | Yuwen Huaji assassinated the Taishang Huang (Emperor Yang) at the Jiangdu palace. | 北史 卷12 義寧2年 |
| AD 618 | Emperor Gong yielded the throne to Li Yuan of Tang; the end of the Sui. | 北史 卷12 義寧2年 |
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