History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals: a Standard history source. Covers AD 1344 – 1644, with 250 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.
| Type | Standard history |
|---|---|
| Viewpoint | Insider account |
| Years covered | AD 1344 – 1644 |
| Events | 250 events, 207 placed on the map |
| Author | 張廷玉 等 |
| Original title | 明史 本紀 (卷1~24) |
Regions: China 239 · Korean Peninsula 5 · Southeast Asia 5 · Mongolia & Steppe 1
| Year | Place | Event | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| AD 1344 | 皇覺寺 | Amid a great drought, locust plague and famine, his parents and elder brother died in succession, and the seventeen-year-old Zhu Yuanzhang entered Huangjue Temple and became a monk. | 明史 卷1 至正四年 |
| AD 1352 | 濠州 | Guo Zixing, a native of Dingyuan, raised troops at Haozhou; then in the intercalary third month Zhu Yuanzhang entered Haozhou and became his personal guard. | 明史 卷1 至正十二年 |
| AD 1353 | 滁州 | Zhu Yuanzhang pacified Dingyuan to the south, won over Li Shanchang, and together they took Chuzhou. | 明史 卷1 至正十三年 |
| AD 1355 | 牛渚 | With the Chaohu navy, Zhu Yuanzhang crossed the Yangtze and reached Niuzhu; Chang Yuchun led the advance and seized it, and Caishi also fell. | 明史 卷1 至正十五年 |
| AD 1355 | 太平 | He cut the boats to remove any retreat, took Taiping and captured Naha Chu. He set up the Taiping Xingguo Yiyuan Marshal's Office and made himself marshal. | 明史 卷1 至正十五年 |
| AD 1356 | 集慶 | Took Jiqing and renamed the Jiqing circuit Yingtian Prefecture (later Nanjing). | 明史 卷1 至正十六年 |
| AD 1356 | 應天 | The generals acclaimed Zhu Yuanzhang as Duke of Wu and set up the Jiangnan Provincial Secretariat. | 明史 卷1 至正十六年 |
| AD 1358 | 婺州 | Zhu Yuanzhang personally attacked Wuzhou (Jinhua); he routed Shi Mosun's relief force at Meihua Gate, Wuzhou surrendered, and Hou Sun (厚孫) was captured. | 明史 卷1 至正十八年 |
| AD 1360 | 龍灣 | Chen Youliang took Taiping, proclaimed himself Han Emperor and marched on Yingtian, but was routed at Longwan by an ambush and a combined land-and-water attack. | 明史 卷1 至正二十年 |
| AD 1363 | 洪都 | Chen Youliang surrounded Hongdu (Nanchang) with a large army. | 明史 卷1 至正二十三年 |
| AD 1363 | 鄱陽湖 | Zhu Yuanzhang set out to relieve Hongdu and fought a decisive battle with Chen Youliang on Poyang Lake (Kanglang Mountain, fire attack); in the eighth month Youliang was killed by a stray arrow. | 明史 卷1 至正二十三年 |
| AD 1364 | 應天 | At the urging of Li Shanchang and others, Zhu Yuanzhang was enthroned as Prince of Wu and established the hundred officials. | 明史 卷1 至正二十四年 |
| AD 1364 | 武昌 | Zhu Yuanzhang campaigned against Wuchang again; Chen Li surrendered, and Han, Mian, Jing and Yue all fell. | 明史 卷1 至正二十四年 |
| AD 1367 | 平江 | Xu Da took Pingjiang and captured Zhang Shicheng, pacifying the Wu region. | 明史 卷1 至正二十七年 |
| AD 1367 | 應天 | Xu Da as Generalissimo Who Subdues the Barbarians and Chang Yuchun as deputy led 250,000 men from the Huai into the Yellow River and marched north; the strategy was to take Shandong first. | 明史 卷1 至正二十七年 |
| AD 1367 | 慶元 | Tang He took Qingyuan; Fang Guozhen fled to sea, but surrendered in the twelfth month, pacifying eastern Zhejiang. | 明史 卷1 至正二十七年 |
| AD 1367 | 福州 | Tang He and Liao Yongzhong took Fuzhou by the sea route. | 明史 卷1 至正二十七年 |
| AD 1368 | 應天 | Zhu Yuanzhang sacrificed to Heaven and Earth at Nanjiao and ascended the throne as emperor; he named the state Ming and the era Hongwu. | 明史 卷2 洪武元年 |
| AD 1368 | 延平 | Tang He took Yanping and captured the Yuan Pingzhang Chen Youding, pacifying Fujian. | 明史 卷2 洪武元年 |
| AD 1368 | 南陽 | Deng Yu took Nanyang. | 明史 卷2 洪武元年 |
| AD 1368 | 廣州 | When Liao Yongzhong reached Guangzhou, the Yuan defender He Zhen surrendered, pacifying Guangdong. | 明史 卷2 洪武元年 |
| AD 1368 | 洛陽 | Xu Da and Chang Yuchun routed the Yuan army north of the Luo River and besieged Henan (Luoyang); Prince Liang Aluwen surrendered. | 明史 卷2 洪武元年 |
| AD 1368 | 潼關 | Feng Sheng took Tongguan; Li Siqi and Zhang Sidao fled. | 明史 卷2 洪武元年 |
| AD 1368 | 通州 | Chang Yuchun broke Dezhou and Tongzhou in turn, and the Yuan emperor Toghon Temür fled to Shangdu. | 明史 卷2 洪武元年 |
| AD 1368 | 南京 | Yingtian was made Nanjing (Southern Capital) and Kaifeng Beijing (Northern Capital). | 明史 卷2 洪武元年 |
| AD 1368 | 大都 | Xu Da entered the Yuan capital (Dadu), sealed the treasuries and books, and forbade the troops from looting. The Dadu circuit was renamed Beiping Prefecture. | 明史 卷2 洪武元年 |
| AD 1368 | 太原 | Xu Da took Taiyuan; Kökö Temür fled to Gansu, and Shanxi was pacified. | 明史 卷2 洪武元年 |
| AD 1369 | 奉元 | Xu Da reached Fengyuan (Xi'an), and Zhang Sidao fled. | 明史 卷2 洪武二年 |
| AD 1369 | 開平 | Chang Yuchun took Kaiping, and the Yuan emperor fled north. | 明史 卷2 洪武二年 |
| AD 1369 | 慶陽 | Xu Da took Qingyang, beheaded Zhang Liangchen, and pacified Shaanxi. | 明史 卷2 洪武二年 |
| AD 1369 | 臨濠 | Linhao was made Zhongdu (Central Capital). | 明史 卷2 洪武二年 |
| AD 1370 | 南京 | The sons were enfeoffed as princes of Qin, Jin, Yan, Wu, Chu, Qi, Tan, Zhao and Lu, including the Prince of Yan, Zhu Di. | 明史 卷2 洪武三年 |
| AD 1370 | 沈兒峪 | Xu Da routed Kökö Temür at Shen'eryu, and Kökö fled to Karakorum. | 明史 卷2 洪武三年 |
| AD 1370 | 應昌 | Li Wenzhong took Yingchang; the Yuan heir fled north, and his son Madilibala with more than 50,000 men surrendered. | 明史 卷2 洪武三年 |
| AD 1371 | 遼陽 | The Yuan Pingzhang Liu Yi offered up Liaodong and surrendered. | 明史 卷2 洪武四年 |
| AD 1371 | 重慶 | Tang He reached Chongqing, and Ming Sheng of Xia surrendered. | 明史 卷2 洪武四年 |
| AD 1371 | 成都 | Fu Youde took Chengdu and pacified Sichuan. | 明史 卷2 洪武四年 |
| AD 1372 | 和林 | Xu Da was defeated fighting the Yuan army at Lingbei. | 明史 卷2 洪武五年 |
| AD 1372 | 瓜州 | Feng Sheng took Gansu and pursued and routed the Yuan army at Guazhou and Shazhou prefectures. | 明史 卷2 洪武五年 |
| AD 1380 | 南京 | Chancellor of the Left Hu Weiyong was executed for treason; the Central Secretariat was abolished and the post of chancellor eliminated. | 明史 卷2 洪武十三年 |
| AD 1380 | 北平 | The Prince of Yan, Zhu Di, went to his fief at Beiping. | 明史 卷2 洪武十三年 |
| AD 1381 | 北黃河 | Xu Da went beyond the frontier to the Northern Yellow River and routed the Yuan army. | 明史 卷2 洪武十四年 |
| AD 1381 | 雲南 | Fu Youde was made Expeditionary General Against the South, with Lan Yu and Mu Ying as deputies, to campaign in Yunnan. | 明史 卷2 洪武十四年 |
| AD 1381 | 曲靖 | Fu Youde routed the Yuan army at the Baishi River and took Qujing; Prince Liang Basalawarmi killed himself. | 明史 卷2 洪武十四年 |
| AD 1382 | 昆明 | Qujing, Zhongqing, Chengjiang, Wuding and others all surrendered, pacifying Yunnan. | 明史 卷3 洪武十五年 |
| AD 1382 | 大理 | Lan Yu and Mu Ying took Dali, then advanced separately into Heqing, Lijiang and Jinchi, and pacified all of them. | 明史 卷3 洪武十五年 |
| AD 1382 | 耽羅 | The family of the Yuan Prince of Liang and of the Prince of Weishun were moved to Tamna (Jeju). | 明史 卷3 洪武十五年 |
| AD 1385 | 南京 | Xu Da, Duke of Wei, died (second month of the eighteenth year of Hongwu). | 明史 卷3 洪武十八年 |
| AD 1387 | 大寧 | Feng Sheng left Songting Pass and built fortresses at Daning, Kuanhe, Huizhou and Fuyu. | 明史 卷3 洪武二十年 |
| AD 1387 | 金山 | Feng Sheng crossed Jinshan, and Naha Chu surrendered. | 明史 卷3 洪武二十年 |
| AD 1388 | 捕魚兒海 | Lan Yu struck the Yuan heir by surprise at Buir Lake and routed him, capturing his second son Dibaonu and tens of thousands of consorts, princes and nobles. | 明史 卷3 洪武二十一年 |
| AD 1389 | 兀良哈 | Three guards were set up among the Uriyangkhai: Taining, Doon and Fuyu. | 明史 卷3 洪武二十二年 |
| AD 1390 | 迤都 | When the army of the Prince of Yan, Zhu Di, reached Yidu, Yaozhu and others surrendered. | 明史 卷3 洪武二十三年 |
| AD 1392 | 南京 | Crown Prince Zhu Biao died; in the ninth month, the imperial grandson Zhu Yunwen was made crown grandson. | 明史 卷3 洪武二十五年 |
| AD 1392 | 朝鮮 | Yi Seong-gye imprisoned King Yao of Goryeo and set himself up independently, and had the state renamed Joseon. | 明史 卷3 洪武二十五年 |
| AD 1393 | 南京 | Duke of Liang Lan Yu was executed on suspicion of treason, and many meritorious officials were implicated by association. | 明史 卷3 洪武二十六年 |
| AD 1394 | 南京 | Duke of Ying Fu Youde was executed for his crimes. | 明史 卷3 洪武二十七年 |
| AD 1395 | 越州 | Mu Chun, Marquis of Xiping, captured and beheaded Azi and pacified Yuezhou. | 明史 卷3 洪武二十八年 |
| AD 1395 | 南京 | Duke of Song Feng Sheng was executed for his crimes. | 明史 卷3 洪武二十八年 |
| AD 1396 | 徹徹兒山 | The Prince of Yan routed the enemy at Checheer Mountain and pursued them to Tucheng of the Uriyangkhai. | 明史 卷3 洪武二十九年 |
| AD 1398 | 南京 | Zhu Yuanzhang died at the West Palace at age 71; by edict, the imperial grandson Yunwen was to ascend the throne. | 明史 卷3 洪武三十一年 |
| AD 1398 | 南京 | The imperial grandson Zhu Yunwen (Emperor Jianwen) ascended the throne, and the following year was made the first year of Jianwen. | 明史 卷4 洪武三十一年 |
| AD 1399 | 北平 | Ni Liang, a centurion of the Yanshan Guard, reported the Prince of Yan's disloyalty, and an order was issued to arrest officials of the prince's household. | 明史 卷4 建文元年 |
| AD 1399 | 北平 | The Prince of Yan, Zhu Di, raised an army (the Jingnan campaign) and killed Zhang Bing, provincial administration commissioner of Beiping, and Xie Gui of the military command. | 明史 卷4 建文元年 |
| AD 1399 | 薊州 | The Yan army took Jizhou; Ma Xuan fell in battle. | 明史 卷4 建文元年 |
| AD 1399 | 居庸關 | The Yan army took Juyong Pass. | 明史 卷4 建文元年 |
| AD 1399 | 懷來 | The Yan army took Huailai; Song Zhong and Yu Tian were captured and killed. | 明史 卷4 建文元年 |
| AD 1399 | 雄縣 | The Yan army took Xiongxian; Pan Zhong and Yang Song were captured at Yueyang Bridge, and Maozhou also fell. | 明史 卷4 建文元年 |
| AD 1399 | 真定 | Geng Bingwen was defeated by the Yan army north of the Hutuo River and withdrew to hold Zhending; the Yan army attacked but withdrew. | 明史 卷4 建文元年 |
| AD 1399 | 大寧 | By a raid through the byway at Liujiakou, the Yan army took Daning, and it brought the Prince of Ning, Zhu Quan, and the forces of the Doon Guards back to Beiping. | 明史 卷4 建文元年 |
| AD 1399 | 北平 | Li Jinglong surrounded Beiping, and the Yan army returned to relieve it. | 明史 卷4 建文元年 |
| AD 1399 | 鄭村壩 | Li Jinglong was defeated by the Yan army at Zhengcunba and fled to Dezhou, and the other armies were wiped out. | 明史 卷4 建文元年 |
| AD 1399 | 會州 | The Yan army gathered the forces of the Prince of Ning and the Doon Guards at Daning, reached Huizhou, and organized the Five Armies (Zhang Yu as center army, Zhu Neng as left army, and so on). | 明史 卷5 建文元年 |
| AD 1400 | 白溝河 | At the Baigou River, Li Jinglong won first, but was routed the next day; Qu Neng and others were killed. | 明史 卷4 建文二年 |
| AD 1400 | 濟南 | The Yan army took Dezhou and attacked Jinan; Li Jinglong was defeated under the walls of the city and fled south. | 明史 卷4 建文二年 |
| AD 1400 | 濟南 | Sheng Yong and Tie Xuan routed the Yan army; the siege of Jinan was lifted and Dezhou was recovered. | 明史 卷4 建文二年 |
| AD 1400 | 東昌 | Sheng Yong defeated the Yan army at Dongchang and killed its general Zhang Yu. | 明史 卷4 建文二年 |
| AD 1400 | 蔚州 | The Yan army took Yuzhou. | 明史 卷5 建文二年 |
| AD 1400 | 大同 | The Prince of Yan advanced to Datong, lured Li Jinglong out of Zijing Pass, and then returned to Juyong. | 明史 卷5 建文二年 |
| AD 1400 | 滄州 | The Prince of Yan feigned an attack on Liaodong and headed south day and night; at Cangzhou he captured Xu Kai and broke the city, then buried 3,000 surrendered soldiers alive. | 明史 卷5 建文二年 |
| AD 1401 | 夾河 | Sheng Yong beat the Yan army at Jiahe and killed Tan Yuan, but the next day he was defeated and fled to Dezhou. | 明史 卷4 建文三年 |
| AD 1401 | 藁城 | Wu Jie and Ping An were defeated by the Yan army at Gaocheng and returned to Zhending to hold it. | 明史 卷4 建文三年 |
| AD 1402 | 沛縣 | The Yan army took Dong'e, Dongping, Wenshang, Yanzhou and Jiyang one after another, and destroyed Peixian. | 明史 卷4 建文四年 |
| AD 1402 | 靈璧 | A major battle at Lingbi: the government forces were defeated, and Chen Hui and Ping An were among those captured. | 明史 卷4 建文四年 |
| AD 1402 | 揚州 | The Yan army crossed the Huai River and headed for Yangzhou; Wang Li and others surrendered. | 明史 卷4 建文四年 |
| AD 1402 | 高資港 | The Yan army crossed the Yangtze; Sheng Yong was defeated at Gaozigang, and Tong Jun, commander at Zhenjiang, surrendered. | 明史 卷4 建文四年 |
| AD 1402 | 南京 | The Yan army attacked Jinchuan Gate; the Prince of Gu, Zhu Su, and Li Jinglong opened the gate and the capital fell. Fire broke out in the palace and the emperor's whereabouts became unknown. | 明史 卷4 建文四年 |
| AD 1402 | 館陶 | The Yan army crossed the river at Guantao and marched south, then made a tour of Xuzhou. | 明史 卷5 建文四年 |
| AD 1402 | 淝河 | The Prince of Yan set an ambush at the Fei River and routed Ping An's 40,000 cavalry. | 明史 卷5 建文四年 |
| AD 1402 | 齊眉山 | A great battle was fought at the foot of Qimei Mountain. | 明史 卷5 建文四年 |
| AD 1402 | 泗州 | The Yan army took Sizhou and worshipped at the ancestral tombs, then took Xuyi. | 明史 卷5 建文四年 |
| AD 1402 | 瓜州 | The Yan army crossed the Yangtze at Guazhou, and Sheng Yong's sea-going fleet was defeated. | 明史 卷5 建文四年 |
| AD 1402 | 鎮江 | The Yan army took Zhenjiang. | 明史 卷5 建文四年 |
| AD 1402 | 南京 | Zhu Di worshipped at the Xiaoling tomb and was enthroned as emperor (Chengzu) in the Hall of Supreme Harmony; he named Fang Xiaoru and other treacherous ministers and had them exterminated. | 明史 卷5 建文四年 |
| AD 1402 | 南京 | This year was named the thirty-fifth year of Hongwu and the next year the first year of Yongle; an edict returned all laws changed under Jianwen to the old system. | 明史 卷5 建文四年 |
| AD 1403 | 北平 | Beiping was made Beijing. | 明史 卷6 永樂元年 |
| AD 1403 | 順天 | Set up the Rear Army Military Governor's Office, a field administration and the National Academy in Beijing, and renamed Beiping as Shuntian Prefecture. | 明史 卷6 永樂元年 |
| AD 1404 | 南京 | Made his son Zhu Gaochi crown prince, Zhu Gaoxu Prince of Han, and Zhu Gaosui Prince of Zhao. | 明史 卷6 永樂二年 |
| AD 1405 | 西洋 | The eunuch Zheng He led a fleet on a mission to the countries of the Western Ocean (first Xia Xiyang voyage; the source does not record the departure place). | 明史 卷6 永樂三年 |
| AD 1406 | 安南 | Zhu Neng was made Expedition General against Annam, with Mu Sheng and Zhang Fu as deputies; an edict ordered the execution of Lê Quý Ly and his son and the installation of a descendant of the Chen clan. | 明史 卷6 永樂四年 |
| AD 1406 | 北京 | An edict: construction of the Beijing palace would begin the following May, and timber was to be gathered in Sichuan and Huguang. | 明史 卷6 永樂四年 |
| AD 1406 | 嘉林江 | Zhang Fu crushed the Annamese army at the Gialam River and took Đông Đô and Tây Đô one after another. | 明史 卷6 永樂四年 |
| AD 1407 | 河內 | Zhang Fu captured Lê Quý Ly and Le Thuong and presented them at the capital, pacifying Annam (in the sixth month the Jiaozhi Provincial Administration was set up). | 明史 卷6 永樂五年 |
| AD 1408 | 生厥江 | Mu Sheng was defeated fighting Gian Dinh at the Shengjue River, and Liu Jun and others were killed. | 明史 卷6 永樂六年 |
| AD 1409 | 北京 | In the second month the emperor left the capital on a northern tour and reached Beijing in the third month. | 明史 卷6 永樂七年 |
| AD 1409 | 臚朐河 | Qiu Fu was crushingly defeated at the Lüqu River, and Qiu Fu and others were killed. | 明史 卷6 永樂七年 |
| AD 1410 | 北京 | The emperor personally led the northern campaign, setting out from Beijing. | 明史 卷6 永樂八年 |
| AD 1410 | 斡難河 | After crossing the Yinma River, he routed Bunyashiri at the Onon River; Bunyashiri fled with just seven horsemen. | 明史 卷6 永樂八年 |
| AD 1410 | 飲馬河 | Arutai pretended to surrender and then attacked; the emperor himself led the banners, routed him and pursued him more than a hundred li. | 明史 卷6 永樂八年 |
| AD 1410 | 北京 | Returning from the personal campaign, he received court congratulations in the Hall of Fengtian in Beijing. | 明史 卷6 永樂八年 |
| AD 1413 | 北京 | The emperor went to Beijing, accompanied by the imperial grandson Zhu Zhanji. | 明史 卷6 永樂十一年 |
| AD 1414 | 老撾 | Zhang Fu captured Tran Quy Khoach in Laos and presented him, and Jiaozhi was pacified. | 明史 卷7 永樂十二年 |
| AD 1414 | 忽蘭忽失溫 | At Hulan-Hushiwen he crushed Mahamu's attack and pursued him to the Tula River; Mahamu fled at night. | 明史 卷7 永樂十二年 |
| AD 1416 | 北京 | An edict ordered the ministers to deliberate on the construction of Beijing. | 明史 卷7 永樂十四年 |
| AD 1417 | 樂安 | Prince of Han Zhu Gaoxu was moved to Le'an Prefecture and enfeoffed there. | 明史 卷7 永樂十五年 |
| AD 1419 | 望海堝 | Liu Jiang annihilated the Japanese pirates at Wanghaiwo and was enfeoffed as Earl of Guangning. | 明史 卷7 永樂十七年 |
| AD 1420 | 蒲臺 | Tang Saier, a woman from Putai, rebelled; Liu Sheng suppressed it (in the third month Tang Saier fled). | 明史 卷7 永樂十八年 |
| AD 1420 | 北京 | The suburban altars and palaces of Beijing were completed; in the ninth month an edict made Beijing the capital from the following year and the former capital Nanjing. | 明史 卷7 永樂十八年 |
| AD 1421 | 北京 | The three halls of Fengtian, Huagai and Jinshen burned down. | 明史 卷7 永樂十九年 |
| AD 1422 | 北京 | When Arutai invaded Xinghe, the emperor personally took the field and set out from Beijing. | 明史 卷7 永樂二十年 |
| AD 1422 | 屈裂兒河 | The emperor personally routed the Uriyangkhai at the Qulieer River and pursued them for thirty li. | 明史 卷7 永樂二十年 |
| AD 1423 | 宣府 | He again left the capital to campaign against Arutai in person and reached Xuanfu. | 明史 卷7 永樂二十一年 |
| AD 1424 | 榆木川 | On the return from the northern campaign he died at Yumuchuan at age 65. Because the Six Armies were still outside, it was kept secret and the body was carried back. | 明史 卷7 永樂二十二年 |
| AD 1424 | 北京 | Crown Prince Zhu Gaochi (Renzong) ascended the throne; the following year was named the first year of Hongxi, and the voyages of the Treasure Ships to the West were halted. | 明史 卷8 永樂二十二年 |
| AD 1424 | 茶籠州 | In Jiaozhi, Fang Zheng fought Le Loi at Tra Long and was defeated; Wu Yun was killed in action. | 明史 卷8 永樂二十二年 |
| AD 1425 | 北京 | Intending to return the capital to Nanjing, he had the agencies of Beijing called the Temporary Court (xingzai). | 明史 卷8 洪熙元年 |
| AD 1425 | 北京 | Renzong died at the Qin'an Hall at age 48. | 明史 卷8 洪熙元年 |
| AD 1425 | 良鄉 | Crown Prince Zhu Zhanji received the posthumous edict at Liangxiang, entered the palace and proclaimed the mourning; he later ascended the throne as Xuanzong. | 明史 卷9 洪熙元年 |
| AD 1426 | 樂安 | When the Prince of Han, Zhu Gaoxu, rebelled, the emperor took the field in person, reached Le'an and forced his surrender. | 明史 卷9 宣德元年 |
| AD 1427 | 倒馬坡 | Liu Sheng was ambushed at Daoma Slope and killed, and his army was utterly destroyed. | 明史 卷9 宣德二年 |
| AD 1427 | 交阯 | Wang Tong abandoned Jiaozhi and made a pact with Le Loi. | 明史 卷9 宣德二年 |
| AD 1428 | 喜峰口 | The emperor personally left through Xifengkou and routed the Uriyangkhai at Kuanhe. | 明史 卷9 宣德三年 |
| AD 1435 | 北京 | Xuanzong died at the Qianqing Palace at age 38. | 明史 卷9 宣德十年 |
| AD 1435 | 北京 | After Xuanzong's death, Yingzong (Zhu Qizhen, age nine) ascended the throne; the following year was named the first year of Zhengtong. | 明史 卷10 宣德十年 |
| AD 1439 | 麓川 | In 1439 (Zhengtong 4), Fang Zheng routed the Luchuan rebels west of Yunnan at Dazhai and pursued them to Kongni, but was killed. | 明史 卷10 正統四年 |
| AD 1441 | 北京 | The Qianqing and Kunning palaces and the Fengtian, Huagai and Jinshen halls were completed; Beijing was fixed as the capital, and the agencies stopped using the title 'temporary court'. | 明史 卷10 正統六年 |
| AD 1441 | 麓川 | Wang Ji took Luchuan; Si Renfa fled to Mengyang. | 明史 卷10 正統六年 |
| AD 1449 | 延平 | Censor Ding Xuan and Captain Liu Fu beheaded Deng Maoqi, the ringleader of the Fujian rebellion, at Yanping. | 明史 卷10 正統十四年 |
| AD 1449 | 北京 | When Esen of the Oirat invaded Datong, the emperor decided on a personal campaign despite opposition from Minister of Personnel Wang Zhi and others; Prince of Cheng guarded Beijing. | 明史 卷10 正統十四年 |
| AD 1449 | 大同 | The campaign army reached Datong, but the garrison eunuch Guo Jing proposed a withdrawal, and they soon turned back. | 明史 卷10 正統十四年 |
| AD 1449 | 鷂兒嶺 | Duke of Cheng Zhu Yong and Earl Yongshun Xue Shou were ambushed at Yao'er Ridge, and the whole army was wiped out. | 明史 卷10 正統十四年 |
| AD 1449 | 土木 | The emperor's main army was surrounded at Tumu; the next day it was destroyed, hundreds of thousands died, and the emperor was captured (the Tumu Incident). | 明史 卷10 正統十四年 |
| AD 1449 | 北京 | Prince of Cheng Zhu Qiyu (Jingtai) ascended the throne, honored Yingzong as Grand Emperor, and the following year was named the first year of Jingtai. | 明史 卷11 正統十四年 |
| AD 1449 | 紫荊關 | Esen took Zijing Pass; with Sun Xiang killed, the capital was placed under martial law. | 明史 卷11 正統十四年 |
| AD 1449 | 北京 | Esen approached the capital but was repulsed at the Zhangyi Gate; Yu Qian and Shi Heng repeatedly defeated him beneath the walls, and the enemy withdrew (the Defense of Beijing). | 明史 卷11 正統十四年 |
| AD 1450 | 北京 | The Former Emperor (Yingzong) returned from the Oirat and was received by the emperor at the Dong'an Gate, then took up residence in the Southern Palace. | 明史 卷11 景泰元年 |
| AD 1457 | 北京 | Shi Heng and Xu Youzhen welcomed the Former Emperor and restored him to the throne (the Usurpation at the Gate). | 明史 卷11 景泰八年 |
| AD 1457 | 北京 | Shi Heng, Zhang [軏], Xu Youzhen and Cao Jixiang welcomed Yingzong from the Southern Palace and restored him at the Hall of Fengtian; the eighth year of Jingtai was changed to the first year of Tianshun. | 明史 卷12 天順元年 |
| AD 1457 | 北京 | The Minister of War Yu Qian and Grand Secretary Wang Wen were executed, and their property was confiscated. | 明史 卷12 天順元年 |
| AD 1459 | 安邊營 | Shi Biao and Yang Xin routed Belei at Anbian Camp (Zhou Xian and Li Jian were killed). | 明史 卷12 天順三年 |
| AD 1461 | 北京 | Cao Jixiang and Cao Qin rebelled; Sun Tang suppressed them, crucified Cao Jixiang and exterminated his clan. | 明史 卷12 天順五年 |
| AD 1464 | 北京 | Yingzong died at age 38. | 明史 卷12 天順八年 |
| AD 1464 | 北京 | Xianzong (Zhu Jianshen) ascended the throne; the following year was named the first year of Chenghua. | 明史 卷13 天順八年 |
| AD 1465 | 大藤峽 | Han Yong crushed the Yao people of the Dateng Gorge and renamed the gorge 'Duanteng'. | 明史 卷13 成化元年 |
| AD 1466 | 南漳 | Zhu Yong defeated and captured Liu Tong, leader of the Jing-Xiang rebels, at Nanzhang. | 明史 卷13 成化二年 |
| AD 1468 | 開城 | Xiang Zhong captured Man Jun, leader of the rebellion at Kaicheng (around Guyuan), and sent him to the capital for execution. | 明史 卷13 成化四年 |
| AD 1470 | 延綏 | Wang Yue defeated Aluochu of Hetao at the east road of Yansui. | 明史 卷13 成化六年 |
| AD 1471 | 襄陽 | The rebellion of the Jing-Xiang refugees was pacified, and more than 1.4 million people returned to their former livelihoods. | 明史 卷13 成化七年 |
| AD 1473 | 哈密 | Sutan Ali of Turpan defeated Hami and occupied it. | 明史 卷13 成化九年 |
| AD 1473 | 紅鹽池 | Wang Yue routed Mandulu, Bolohu and Bijiasilan at Hongyan Lake, and several tribes withdrew beyond Hetao. | 明史 卷13 成化九年 |
| AD 1476 | 鄖陽 | Yunyang Prefecture was set up, with Xingdusi and garrisons to accommodate the Jing-Xiang refugees. | 明史 卷14 成化十二年 |
| AD 1477 | 北京 | The Western Depot was set up; the eunuch Wang Zhi directed the scouting of the border passes. | 明史 卷14 成化十三年 |
| AD 1480 | 威寧海子 | Wang Yue raided and routed Yisimayin at Weining Lake. | 明史 卷14 成化十六年 |
| AD 1482 | 哈密 | Han Shen recovered Hami city. | 明史 卷14 成化十八年 |
| AD 1483 | 大同 | The Little Prince of the Yibei invaded Datong, and Xu Ning, who resisted, was defeated. | 明史 卷14 成化十九年 |
| AD 1487 | 北京 | Xianzong died at age 41. | 明史 卷14 成化二十三年 |
| AD 1487 | 北京 | Xiaozong (Zhu Youtang) ascended the throne; the following year was named the first year of Hongzhi. | 明史 卷15 成化二十三年 |
| AD 1488 | 蘭州 | The Little Prince invaded Lanzhou, and Commander Liao Bin defeated him. | 明史 卷15 弘治元年 |
| AD 1488 | 哈密 | Turpan killed the Loyal Prince Han Shen and again occupied Hami. | 明史 卷15 弘治元年 |
| AD 1498 | 賀蘭山 | Wang Yue, Commander of the Three Borders, raided the Little Prince from behind the Helan Mountains and defeated him. | 明史 卷15 弘治十一年 |
| AD 1500 | 大同 | Huoshai invaded Datong Left Garrison in force, and Youji General Zhang Jun held them off. | 明史 卷15 弘治十三年 |
| AD 1501 | 河套 | Zhu Hui and Shi Lin raided the Little Prince at Hetao. | 明史 卷15 弘治十四年 |
| AD 1505 | 靈州 | Several tribes of the Little Prince besieged Lingzhou, entered Huamachi, and plundered Weizhou and Huanxian. | 明史 卷15 弘治十八年 |
| AD 1505 | 北京 | Xiaozong died at the Qianqing Palace at age 36. | 明史 卷15 弘治十八年 |
| AD 1505 | 北京 | Wuzong (Zhu Houzhao) ascended the throne; the following year was named the first year of Zhengde. | 明史 卷16 弘治十八年 |
| AD 1506 | 北京 | Han Wen, Liu Jian and others asked for the execution of eight eunuchs including Ma Yongcheng, but the request was refused, and Liu Jin took control of the Sili Jian. | 明史 卷16 正德元年 |
| AD 1508 | 北京 | The Inner Depot was set up, and Liu Jin was made to lead it. | 明史 卷16 正德三年 |
| AD 1510 | 寧夏 | Prince Anhua Zhu Zhenfan rebelled at Ningxia and killed the Governor An Weixue and Commander Jiang Han (soon captured by Qiu Yue). | 明史 卷16 正德五年 |
| AD 1510 | 北京 | Liu Jin was executed. | 明史 卷16 正德五年 |
| AD 1512 | 霸州 | Rebels from Hebei (Liu Liu and others) invaded Bazhou, and the capital was placed under martial law. | 明史 卷16 正德七年 |
| AD 1512 | 光山 | Qiu Yue defeated the rebels at Guangshan and pacified the Henan rebellion. | 明史 卷16 正德七年 |
| AD 1517 | 應州 | The Little Prince invaded Yanghe and plundered Yingzhou; the emperor commanded in person and fought for five days (Battle of Yingzhou). | 明史 卷16 正德十二年 |
| AD 1519 | 南昌 | Prince of Ning Zhu Chenhao rebelled; the governor Sun Sui and others were killed. Nankang and Jiujiang fell in succession. | 明史 卷16 正德十四年 |
| AD 1519 | 樵舍 | Wang Shouren defeated Zhu Chenhao at Qiaoshe and captured him. | 明史 卷16 正德十四年 |
| AD 1521 | 北京 | Wuzong died at the Baofang at age 31. | 明史 卷16 正德十六年 |
| AD 1521 | 安陸 | Wuzong died without an heir, and the Empress Dowager Cishou and Yang Tinghe, by edict, decided to bring in the Prince of Xing (Zhu Houcong) from the Xing residence (Shizong's accession, Jiajing). | 明史 卷17 正德十六年 |
| AD 1523 | 大同 | Altan Khan (俺答) invaded Datong — the first appearance of Altan in the source. | 明史 卷17 嘉靖二年 |
| AD 1524 | 北京 | In the outcome of the Great Rites Controversy, Xiaozong was set as Uncle Father and the Prince of Xingxian as Father. | 明史 卷17 嘉靖三年 |
| AD 1524 | 肅州 | Turpan invaded and besieged Suzhou; the Minister of War Jin Xianmin served as Zongzhi. | 明史 卷17 嘉靖三年 |
| AD 1527 | 田州 | Wang Shouren, as Zongzhi of military affairs in the two Guangs, Jiangxi and Huguang, went to suppress the Tianzhou rebellion. | 明史 卷17 嘉靖六年 |
| AD 1538 | 河內 | Qiu Luan and Mao Bowen were sent to attack Mạc Đăng Dung of Annam. | 明史 卷17 嘉靖十七年 |
| AD 1541 | 石州 | Altan invaded Shanxi and entered Shizhou. | 明史 卷17 嘉靖二十年 |
| AD 1542 | 太原 | Altan invaded Shuozhou, crossed Yanmen Pass and attacked Taiyuan. | 明史 卷17 嘉靖二十一年 |
| AD 1542 | 北京 | Palace attendants who tried to harm the emperor were executed (the Renyin Palace Incident); Consort Cao of Duan and Consort Wang of Ning were crucified. | 明史 卷17 嘉靖二十一年 |
| AD 1550 | 古北口 | Altan made a massive incursion and attacked Gubeikou, and the Jizhen troops collapsed (the Gengxu Incident). | 明史 卷18 嘉靖二十九年 |
| AD 1550 | 北京 | Altan plundered Tongzhou and camped at the Bai River, then pressed on the capital city and placed the capital under martial law (the source calls Beijing 'the capital city'). | 明史 卷18 嘉靖二十九年 |
| AD 1555 | 王江涇 | Zhang Jing and Yu Dayou routed the Japanese pirates at Wangjiangjing. | 明史 卷18 嘉靖三十四年 |
| AD 1555 | 南京 | Japanese pirates took Nanling, plundered Wuhu and Taiping, and then invaded Nanjing. | 明史 卷18 嘉靖三十四年 |
| AD 1560 | 豐州 | Liu Han, Datong Commander-in-Chief, attacked and defeated Altan at Fengzhou. | 明史 卷18 嘉靖三十九年 |
| AD 1563 | 平海衞 | Qi Jiguang defeated the Japanese pirates at Pinghai Garrison. | 明史 卷18 嘉靖四十二年 |
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