Book of Zhou (Zhoushu), Imperial Annals: a Standard history source. Covers AD 534 – 581, with 85 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.
| Type | Standard history |
|---|---|
| Viewpoint | Insider account |
| Years covered | AD 534 – 581 |
| Events | 85 events, 73 placed on the map |
| Author | 令狐德棻 등 |
| Original title | 周書 帝紀 |
Regions: China 85
| Year | Place | Event | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| AD 534 | 長安 | Emperor Xiaowu, pursued by Gao Huan, leaves Luoyang and enters Guanzhong; Yuwen Tai receives him with full ceremony at Dongyang post and makes Chang'an the capital | 周書 卷1 永熙3年7月 |
| AD 534 | 潼關 | Qi Shenwu (Gao Huan) raids and takes Tongguan, invading as far as Huayin; Yuwen Tai camps at Bashang to face him, attacks Xue Jin and takes 7,000 prisoners | 周書 卷1 永熙3年8月 |
| AD 537 | 潼關 | Yuwen Tai secretly leaves Chang'an with 6,000 cavalry, defeats Dou Tai of Eastern Wei at Xiaoguan, captures over 10,000 men and kills Dou Tai | 周書 卷2 大統3年1月 |
| AD 537 | 弘农 | Yuwen Tai leads twelve generals east, swears an oath at Tongguan, and in the rain takes Hongnong, beheading Li Huibo and capturing 8,000 | 周書 卷2 大統3年8月 |
| AD 537 | 沙苑 | At Shayuan (Weiqu) he ambushes in the reed beds, rises at the drum, crushes Qi Shenwu's army, kills 6,000 and receives the surrender of over 20,000 | 周書 卷2 大統3年10月 |
| AD 538 | 河橋 | In the battles of Heqiao and Mangshan he kills Gao Aocao of Eastern Wei and captures 15,000; but the left army is at a disadvantage, so he loses Luoyang and withdraws | 周書 卷2 大統4年8月 |
| AD 543 | 洛陽 北 邙山 | He breaks Gao Huan's army with a night raid at Mangshan, but the left army under Zhao Gui and others is at a disadvantage, so he withdraws at night | 周書 卷2 大統9年3月 |
| AD 546 | 玉壁 | Qi Shenwu besieges Yubi for 60 days, but Wei Xiaokuan holds out; Qi loses 20 to 30 percent of its men, he falls ill, burns his camp and withdraws | 周書 卷2 大統12年9月 |
| AD 552 | 南鄭 | Daxi Wu besieges Nanzheng for over a month, and Xiao Xun, governor of Liangzhou, surrenders | 周書 卷2 魏廢帝1年4月 |
| AD 553 | 姑臧 | Yuwen Tai crosses the Long mountains with 30,000 cavalry and the Jincheng River, reaches Guzang, and the Tuyuhun, frightened, offer tribute | 周書 卷2 魏廢帝2年4月 |
| AD 553 | 成都 | Yuchi Jiong takes Chengdu and pacifies Jiannan | 周書 卷2 魏廢帝2年8月 |
| AD 554 | 江陵 | Yu Jin and others attack Jiangling with 50,000 men and take it in a single day; they capture and kill Emperor Yuan of Liang, and drag away over 100,000 people as slaves | 周書 卷2 魏恭帝1年11月 |
| AD 556 | 長安 | Following the Rites of Zhou, he establishes the six ministries and makes Yuwen Tai Grand Preceptor and Grand Steward | 周書 卷2 魏恭帝3年1月 |
| AD 556 | 雲陽宮 | Yuwen Tai dies at Yunyang Palace and entrusts the succession to Yuwen Hu | 周書 卷2 魏恭帝3年10月 |
| AD 557 | 長安 | Western Wei's Emperor Gong abdicates; Emperor Xiaomin ascends as Heavenly King, founding the Northern Zhou. He reports to Heaven at the chailiao ritual and enfeoffs the Wei emperor as Duke of Song | 周書 卷3 孝閔1年1月 |
| AD 557 | Zhao Gui, Duke of Chu, plots rebellion but is discovered in advance and executed | 周書 卷3 孝閔1年2月 | |
| AD 557 | Dugu Xin, Duke of Wei, is forced to take his own life | 周書 卷3 孝閔1年3月 | |
| AD 557 | The plot of Li Zhi and others to remove Yuwen Hu leaks out; Yuwen Hu has Yuchi Gang and Helan Xiang depose and confine Emperor Xiaomin, who is killed at age sixteen | 周書 卷3 孝閔1年 | |
| AD 557 | 長安 | Yuwen Hu has Yuwen Yu brought from Qizhou, and Emperor Ming ascends the throne in Chang'an | 周書 卷4 明帝1年9月 |
| AD 557 | 建康 | In Liang, Chen Baxian deposes Xiao Fangzhi and establishes himself as ruler (Emperor Wu of Chen) | 周書 卷4 明帝1年10月 |
| AD 558 | 北豫州 | Sima Xiaonan, Northern Qi governor of Beiyuzhou, brings his prefecture to submit; Daxi Wu and Yang Zhong go to receive him | 周書 卷4 明帝2年3月 |
| AD 558 | 同州 | Emperor Ming passes his former home in Tongzhou and composes a poem | 周書 卷4 明帝2年9月 |
| AD 559 | 洮陽 | Helan Xiang attacks Tuyuhun and captures the two cities of Taoyang and Honghe; the Tuyuhun flee | 周書 卷4 武成1年5月 |
| AD 559 | 長安 | The title of Heavenly King is changed to Emperor, and King Wen is posthumously honored as Emperor Wen | 周書 卷4 武成1年8月 |
| AD 559 | 成都 | Yuwen Xian, Duke of Ancheng, is made Governor-General of Yizhou and given charge of Shu | 周書 卷4 武成1年8月 |
| AD 560 | 長安 | Emperor Ming is poisoned in his food and falls gravely ill; he hands the throne to Yuwen Yong, Duke of Lu, and dies at Yanshou Hall at age 27 | 周書 卷4 武成2年4月 |
| AD 560 | 長安 | Yuwen Yong ascends the throne (Emperor Wu) | 周書 卷5 武成2年4月 |
| AD 561 | 長安 | Yuwen Hu is made Commander of All Military Affairs at Court and in the Field, and the six ministries designed by Taizu are promulgated in the ancestral temple | 周書 卷5 保定1年1月 |
| AD 562 | 蒲州 | At Puzhou irrigation channels are opened, and at Tongzhou the Longshou Canal is opened to widen irrigation | 周書 卷5 保定2年1月 |
| AD 563 | 原州 | Emperor Wu travels to Yuanzhou, climbs Longshan in the ninth month and returns to Tongzhou | 周書 卷5 保定3年7月 |
| AD 563 | 平陽 | With the Turks, they plan to attack Qi: Yang Zhong leads 10,000 cavalry in front, while Daxi Wu goes out to Pingyang with 30,000 cavalry to coordinate | 周書 卷5 保定3年12月 |
| AD 564 | 晉陽 | Yang Zhong breaks the Great Wall of Qi, reaches Jinyang, and then turns back | 周書 卷5 保定4年1月 |
| AD 564 | 潼關 | Emperor Wu, at the ancestral temple, gives Yuwen Hu the axe and banner for the campaign on Qi; Yuwen Hu marches to Tongguan, Quan Jingxuan to Yuzhou, and Yang Xin to Zhiguan | 周書 卷5 保定4年10月 |
| AD 564 | 洛陽 | Yuchi Jiong besieges Luoyang; Yuwen Xian camps at Mangshan and Yuwen Hu is stationed at Shanzhou | 周書 卷5 保定4年11月 |
| AD 564 | 洛陽 | The Qi army crosses the Yellow River and reaches Luoyang; the Zhou army scatters in alarm, Wang Xiong is killed, and Yang Xin dies at Zhiguan; they withdraw (first campaign fails) | 周書 卷5 保定4年12月 |
| AD 567 | 沌口 | Yuwen Zhi, who marches south to rescue Hua Jiao, is defeated at Dunkou by Chen's Chunyu Liang and Wu Mingche, and Yuan Ding is captured in Jiangnan | 周書 卷5 天和2年9月 |
| AD 568 | 長安 | Ashina of the Turks arrives in Chang'an as empress, and a great amnesty is declared | 周書 卷5 天和3年3月 |
| AD 569 | 宜陽 | Yuwen Xian builds the walls of Chongde and others at Yiyang | 周書 卷5 天和4年9月 |
| AD 570 | 龍門 | Qi's Hulü Mingyue raids the border and builds a wall from Huagu on the north bank of the Fen River to Longmen | 周書 卷5 天和5年12月 |
| AD 571 | 龍門 | When Yuwen Xian crosses the Yellow River at Longmen, Hulü Mingyue retreats to Huagu, and the five newly built cities fall | 周書 卷5 天和6年3月 |
| AD 571 | 宜陽 | Yuwen Chun and Tian Hong take nine Qi cities, including Yiyang | 周書 卷5 天和6年4月 |
| AD 572 | 長安 | Emperor Wu kills Grand Steward Yuwen Hu and his sons and begins personal rule, changing the era to Jiande | 周書 卷5 建德1年3月 |
| AD 573 | 長安 | Emperor Wu gathers ministers, monks and Daoists, and rules on the order among Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism, placing Confucianism first | 周書 卷5 建德2年12月 |
| AD 574 | 長安 | Both Buddhism and Daoism are banned, sacred images and scriptures are destroyed, and monks and Daoists are returned to lay life | 周書 卷5 建德3年5月 |
| AD 574 | 長安 | Prince Yuwen Zhi raises troops in Chang'an and tries to break into Suzhang Gate, but fails and flees | 周書 卷5 建德3年7月 |
| AD 574 | 荊州 | Yuwen Zhi is captured in Jingzhou and demoted to commoner | 周書 卷5 建德3年8月 |
| AD 575 | Emperor Wu gathers the grand generals and above and sets out his plan for an eastern campaign against Qi; the officials agree | 周書 卷6 建德4年7月 | |
| AD 575 | 河陰 | Emperor Wu takes the great city of Heyin with 60,000 men but cannot break the inner citadel; he falls ill and withdraws at night in the ninth month. Yuwen Xian and others take over 30 cities but abandon them and return (second campaign) | 周書 卷6 建德4年8月 |
| AD 576 | 伏俟城 | Crown Prince Yuwen Yun attacks the Tuyuhun, reaching Fuqi city before returning | 周書 卷6 建德5年8月 |
| AD 576 | Emperor Wu lays out his strategy to attack Jinzhou first, and uses military law to suppress the objections of the generals as he sets out for the eastern campaign | 周書 卷6 建德5年10月 | |
| AD 576 | 晉州 | The emperor reaches Jinzhou, orders the roads guarded and attacks the city; with help from Wang Gui and others the city falls, Wei Xianggui is captured, and Liang Shiyan is left as prefect | 周書 卷6 建德5年10月 |
| AD 576 | 晉州 | At Dazhen in front of Jinzhou, 80,000 Zhou troops crush the Qi army; Gao Wei flees toward Bingzhou with a few dozen riders | 周書 卷6 建德5年12月 |
| AD 576 | 介休 | Emperor Wu pursues the Qi ruler; at Gaobi, Gao Anagong's forces scatter, and at Jiexiu, Han Jianye surrenders the city | 周書 卷6 建德5年12月 |
| AD 576 | 晉陽 | At Bingzhou, Gao Yanzong meets them with 40,000 men; in the first clash the Zhou army is badly beaten and Emperor Wu barely escapes, but the next day they fight again, capture Gao Yanzong and pacify Bingzhou | 周書 卷6 建德5年12月 |
| AD 577 | 鄴 | Emperor Wu besieges Ye and pacifies it; the Qi ruler flees to Qingzhou | 周書 卷6 建德6年1月 |
| AD 577 | 青州 | Yuchi Qin captures Gao Wei, ruler of Qi, and the crown prince Gao Heng in Qingzhou | 周書 卷6 建德6年1月 |
| AD 577 | 冀州 | Yuwen Xian and Yang Jian subdue Gao Hao, who held out in Jizhou; all the circuits of Qi submit and Guandong is pacified (55 prefectures, 162 commanderies, 385 counties, 3.3 million households) | 周書 卷6 建德6年2月 |
| AD 577 | 長安 | Emperor Wu returns to Chang'an, presents the Qi ruler and the other prisoners at the ancestral temple, and enfeoffs Gao Wei as Duke of Wenguo | 周書 卷6 建德6年4月 |
| AD 577 | 徐州(呂梁) | Wu Mingche of Chen invades Lüliang; Liang Shiyan opposes him, is defeated, and withdraws to Xuzhou. Wang Gui sets out to subdue them | 周書 卷6 建德6年11月 |
| AD 577 | 晉陽 | 5,000 men of the Dongshouyang locals raid Bingzhou city, but Yuwen Shenju defeats them | 周書 卷6 建德6年12月 |
| AD 578 | 洛陽 | Emperor Wu tours Ye, Huaizhou and Luozhou, and has a palace established at Huaizhou | 周書 卷6 宣政1年1月 |
| AD 578 | 徐州(呂梁) | Wang Gui defeats the Chen army at Lüliang, captures Wu Mingche and others, and kills or takes as prisoners over 30,000 men | 周書 卷6 宣政1年3月 |
| AD 578 | 幽州 | The Turks enter Youzhou, killing and plundering officials and common people | 周書 卷6 宣政1年4月 |
| AD 578 | 雲陽宮 | Emperor Wu raises troops from five routes for a northern campaign against the Turks, but falls ill, stays at Yunyang Palace, and halts the army | 周書 卷6 宣政1年5月 |
| AD 578 | Emperor Wu dies at night inside his carriage on the way back to the capital, at age 36 | 周書 卷6 宣政1年6月 | |
| AD 578 | 長安 | Yuwen Yun ascends the throne (Emperor Xuan) and then kills Yuwen Xian, Prince of Qi, Shangzhuguo | 周書 卷7 宣政1年6月 |
| AD 578 | 范陽 | Lu Changqi of Youzhou holds Fanyang and rebels; Yuwen Shenju suppresses him | 周書 卷7 宣政1年6月 |
| AD 579 | 洛陽 | Seeking to revive the old capital of Heluo, he mobilizes troops from Shandong, builds the Luoyang palace, and commands 40,000 workers at once | 周書 卷7 大象1年2月 |
| AD 579 | 鄴 | Emperor Xuan hands the throne to his crown prince Yuwen Yan at Ye and calls himself Heavenly Emperor (Tianyuan Huangdi) | 周書 卷7 大象1年2月 |
| AD 579 | 壽陽 | The army attacking Chen takes Shouyang (Wei Xiaokuan), Huangcheng (Yuwen Liang) and Guangling (Liang Shiyan), so all of Jiangbei is pacified | 周書 卷7 大象1年11月 |
| AD 579 | 廣陵 | Liang Shiyan takes Guangling | 周書 卷7 大象1年11月 |
| AD 579 | Emperor Xuan rides a post horse to Luoyang, covering 300 li in a single day | 周書 卷7 大象1年12月 | |
| AD 580 | 豫州 | Yuwen Liang raises troops and attacks Wei Xiaokuan at Yuzhou, but is defeated and dies | 周書 卷7 大象2年3月 |
| AD 580 | 長安 | Emperor Xuan dies at 22; Liu Fang and Zheng Yi forge an edict so that Yang Jian is assisted by the imperial will | 周書 卷7 大象2年5月 |
| AD 580 | 長安 | Emperor Jing enters the Tiantai; Yang Jian becomes Commissioner with Golden Axe and Grand Chancellor of the Left, and all officials gather under him | 周書 卷8 大象2年5月 |
| AD 580 | 相州 | Yuchi Jiong, governor-general of Xiangzhou, refuses to be replaced and rises in revolt; Wei Xiaokuan is sent as Field Marshal to suppress him | 周書 卷8 大象2年6月 |
| AD 580 | 長安 | Princes Yuwen Zhao (of Zhao) and Yuwen Sheng (of Yue) are executed on charges of plotting to seize power | 周書 卷8 大象2年7月 |
| AD 580 | 滎州 | Yuwen Zhou, governor of Xingzhou, raises troops; Yang Su suppresses him and kills him at Shiji in the eighth month | 周書 卷8 大象2年7月 |
| AD 580 | 青州 | Yuchi Qin, governor-general of Qingzhou, raises troops | 周書 卷8 大象2年7月 |
| AD 580 | 魯山·甑山 | Sima Xiaonan, governor-general of the 䢵 prefecture, rises in revolt and in the eighth month takes the garrisons of Lushan and Zengshan to flee to Chen | 周書 卷8 大象2年7月 |
| AD 580 | 益州 | Wang Qian, governor-general of Yizhou, refuses to be replaced and rises in revolt; Liang Rui is sent as Field Marshal to suppress him | 周書 卷8 大象2年8月 |
| AD 580 | 鄴 | Wei Xiaokuan defeats Yuchi Jiong at Ye City; Jiong kills himself, and Xiangzhou is pacified. Ye City is torn down and Xiangzhou is moved to Anyang | 周書 卷8 大象2年8月 |
| AD 580 | 益州 | Liang Rui defeats Wang Qian in Jiannan, pursues him and kills him; Yizhou is pacified | 周書 卷8 大象2年10月 |
| AD 580 | 長安 | An edict restores the surnames given by Taizu to their original form, and Yang Jian is elevated as Prince of Sui | 周書 卷8 大象2年12月 |
| AD 581 | 長安 | Yang Jian, Prince of Sui, takes a royal title (founding the Sui); Emperor Jing retreats to a separate palace, ending Northern Zhou at age 33. The Sui enfeoffs Emperor Jing as Duke of Jie | 周書 卷8 大定1年2月 |
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