Royal Frankish Annals: a Standard history source. Covers AD 741 – 829, with 193 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.
| Type | Standard history |
|---|---|
| Viewpoint | Insider account |
| Years covered | AD 741 – 829 |
| Events | 193 events, 127 placed on the map |
| Author | 저자 미상(궁정 연대기 · 801년 이후는 단일본, 741~801은 원본판과 아인하르트판 개정본 병기) |
| Original title | Annales regni Francorum (Annales Laurissenses maiores et Einhardi) |
Regions: Western Europe 163 · Southern Europe 28 · West Asia 2
| Year | Place | Event | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| AD 741 | Laon | Charles Martel dies, leaving three sons (Carloman, Pippin and Grifo). Grifo takes the city of Laon (Laudunum) and declares war on his brothers; the two elder brothers gather an army, besiege Laon and receive Grifo's surrender | ARF(Einhard판) a.741, Kurze 1895 p.3 |
| AD 741 | Neufchateau | Carloman imprisons Grifo at Novocastellum near the Ardennes (it is said he stayed there until Carloman left for Rome) | ARF(Einhard판) a.741, Kurze 1895 p.3 |
| AD 742 | Loches | Carloman and Pippin enter Aquitaine with an army against Duke Hunoald and capture the castle of Lucas | ARF(Einhard판) a.742, Kurze 1895 p.3 |
| AD 742 | On the way back the two brothers divide the Frankish kingdom between themselves at a place called Vetus Pictavis | ARF(Einhard판) a.742, Kurze 1895 p.5 | |
| AD 742 | The same year Carloman enters Alamannia, which had broken away from the Frankish union, and devastates it with fire and sword | ARF(Einhard판) a.742, Kurze 1895 p.5 | |
| AD 743 | Carloman and Pippin join forces to attack Odilo, Duke of Bavaria; they fight a battle and defeat his army | ARF(Einhard판) a.743, Kurze 1895 p.5 | |
| AD 743 | Afterward Carloman goes alone to Saxony and receives the surrender of the castle of Hohseburg and of the Saxon leader Theoderic within it | ARF(Einhard판) a.743, Kurze 1895 p.5 | |
| AD 744 | The two brothers join forces, enter Saxony and again receive Theoderic's surrender | ARF(Einhard판) a.744, Kurze 1895 p.5 | |
| AD 746 | Soracte | Carloman goes to Rome, gives up worldly glory, puts on the monk's habit and builds the Monastery of Saint Silvester on Mount Soracte | ARF(Einhard판) a.746, Kurze 1895 p.7 |
| AD 746 | Casinum | Shortly after, Carloman leaves the Soracte monastery and comes to the monastery of Saint Benedict near the castle of Casinum, where he receives the monk's habit | ARF(Einhard판) a.746, Kurze 1895 p.7 |
| AD 747 | Ohrum | Grifo, the younger brother who would not submit to Pippin, flees to Saxony, gathers Saxon troops and camps at Ohrum (Orheim) by the Ocker River | ARF(Einhard판) a.747, Kurze 1895 p.7 |
| AD 747 | Schoningen | Pippin, passing through Thuringia with the Frankish army, enters Saxony and camps at Scaheningi by the Mysa River. There is no battle; they part on an agreement | ARF(Einhard판) a.747, Kurze 1895 p.7 |
| AD 748 | Grifo, distrusting the Saxons, goes to Bavaria, gathers troops, seizes the duchy and subdues Tassilo and Hiltrude. On hearing this, Pippin goes to Bavaria with a great army, captures Grifo and restores Tassilo as duke | ARF(Einhard판) a.748, Kurze 1895 p.7 | |
| AD 749 – 750 | Rome | Bishop Burchard of Würzburg and the priest Fulrad are sent to Pope Zacharias to consult him on royal power. The pope says it is better to call the one who holds real power king, and permits Pippin to be made king | ARF(Einhard판) a.749, Kurze 1895 p.9 |
| AD 750 – 751 | Soissons | With the pope's approval, Pippin is called King of the Franks, anointed by Archbishop Boniface, and takes the throne at Soissons in the Frankish manner; the figurehead Hildericus is shaved and sent to a monastery | ARF(Einhard판) a.750, Kurze 1895 p.11 |
| AD 753 – 754 | Pippin enters Saxony with a great army, drives out the stubborn Saxons and advances to Lippe by the Weser River. On this campaign Archbishop Hildegar dies at Mount Ibberg | ARF(Einhard판) a.753, Kurze 1895 p.11 | |
| AD 753 – 754 | Pope Stephen comes to Pippin at the Carisiacus palace and asks him to protect himself and the Roman church from the Lombards. Carloman, already a monk, also comes at his abbot's order, and was meant to oppose the pope's request | ARF(Einhard판) a.753, Kurze 1895 p.11 | |
| AD 754 | After receiving the assurance of defense, Pope Stephen anoints Pippin and his two sons Charles and Carloman as kings, and stays in the Frankish realm through the winter | ARF(Einhard판) a.754, Kurze 1895 p.13 | |
| AD 754 | Boniface, archbishop of Mainz, is murdered by heathens while preaching the gospel in Frisia, and dies a martyr | ARF(Einhard판) a.754, Kurze 1895 p.13 | |
| AD 755 | Pippin enters Italy with his army to demand from the Lombard king the justice of Saint Peter; after a fierce battle with the Lombards who blocked the Alpine passage (Clusa), the entire Frankish army crosses | ARF(Einhard판) a.755, Kurze 1895 p.13 | |
| AD 755 | Pavia | Lombard king Aistulf cannot resist and is besieged by Pippin at Pavia; the siege is lifted only after he gives 40 hostages | ARF(Einhard판) a.755, Kurze 1895 p.13 |
| AD 755 | Vienne | The monk Carloman, staying at Vienne with Queen Bertrada, dies of fever before the king returns from Italy. His body is carried to the monastery | ARF(Einhard판) a.755, Kurze 1895 p.13 |
| AD 756 | Pavia | When Aistulf breaks his promise, Pippin again enters Italy, besieges him in Pavia where he is shut up, and forces him to comply; he hands Ravenna, Pentapolis and the exarchate over to Saint Peter | ARF(Einhard판) a.756, Kurze 1895 p.15 |
| AD 757 | Compiegne | Gifts sent by the Byzantine emperor Constantine, including an organ, arrive at Compiègne. At the general assembly, Tassilo, Duke of Bavaria, swears vassalage and an oath of loyalty | ARF(Einhard판) a.757, Kurze 1895 p.15 |
| AD 758 | Pippin attacks the Saxons, breaks through their fortifications, kills many enemies, and receives their promise to offer horses at the general assembly each year (the number 'CCO' in the original OCR is uncertain) | ARF(Einhard판) a.758, Kurze 1895 p.17 | |
| AD 760 | Waifar, Duke of Aquitaine, refuses to return church property, so Pippin invades Aquitaine and camps there. Waifar does not fight and promises obedience and hostages | ARF(Einhard판) a.760, Kurze 1895 p.19 | |
| AD 761 | Chalon | Waifar sends his army as far as Calvilo to plunder Frankish domains. Pippin, holding the general assembly at Duria, invades Aquitaine and takes several fortresses including Bourbon and Cantilia | ARF(Einhard판) a.761, Kurze 1895 p.19 |
| AD 761 | Limoges | Pippin goes as far as the town of Limobicas and turns back; his eldest son Charles accompanied him on this campaign | ARF(Einhard판) a.761, Kurze 1895 p.21 |
| AD 762 | Bourges | Pippin enters Aquitaine again and takes the city of Bituricas (Bourges) and the castle of Toarcis (Thouars) | ARF(Einhard판) a.762, Kurze 1895 p.21 |
| AD 763 | Cahors | Pippin holds the general assembly at Nevers, attacks Aquitaine again, reaches the town of Cadurcia (Cahors) and returns through Limoges. During this campaign Duke Tassilo of Bavaria feigns illness, goes home, and swears he will never again appear before the king | ARF(Einhard판) a.763, Kurze 1895 p.21 |
| AD 764 | Worms | Torn between the Aquitaine war and the Bavarian war caused by Tassilo's defection, Pippin holds the general assembly at Worms and postpones the campaign that year. On June 4, a solar eclipse at the sixth hour of the day | ARF(Einhard판) a.764, Kurze 1895 p.23 |
| AD 766 | Orleans | Pippin holds an assembly at Orléans, enters Aquitaine, rebuilds the castle of Argentomagus that Waifar had destroyed, and stations Frankish garrisons there and at Bituriga | ARF(Einhard판) a.766, Kurze 1895 p.25 |
| AD 767 | Gentilly | As the eastern and western churches are divided over the Trinity and icons, Pippin holds a meeting at Gentilly on this matter and convenes a synod | ARF(Einhard판) a.767, Kurze 1895 p.25 |
| AD 767 | Toulouse | After Christmas Pippin advances into Aquitaine, passes Narbonne, attacks and takes Toulouse, and receives the surrender of the regions of Albi and Gévaudan | ARF(Einhard판) a.767, Kurze 1895 p.25 |
| AD 767 | Bourges | In August Pippin comes to Bituriga and holds the general assembly in the open field in the Frankish manner; then he goes to the Garonne and takes the fortresses and caves of Scoraliae, Torinna and Petrocia. He spends the winter and Christmas at Bituriga | ARF(Einhard판) a.767, Kurze 1895 p.25 |
| AD 768 | Saintes | Pippin marches on the city of Saintes (Santonica), captures the mother, sister and niece of Waifar and has them treated with honor. At the Garonne, Erovicus surrenders at a place called Montes together with Waifar's sister | ARF(Einhard판) a.768, Kurze 1895 p.27 |
| AD 768 | Waifar is killed within the territory of Petragoricus (Périgueux), which is taken to mean the end of the Aquitaine war. Pippin returns to Saintes | ARF(Einhard판) a.768, Kurze 1895 p.27 | |
| AD 768 | The sick Pippin prays at the tomb of Saint Martin of Tours, then comes to Paris and dies on September 24; he is buried in the basilica of Saint-Denis | ARF(Einhard판) a.768, Kurze 1895 p.27 | |
| AD 768 | Noyon | The two sons of Pippin become kings with the consent of all the Franks. Charles receives the royal insignia at Noviomagus (Noyon) | ARF(Einhard판) a.768, Kurze 1895 p.29 |
| AD 768 | Soissons | Carloman receives the royal insignia at Soissons | ARF(Einhard판) a.768, Kurze 1895 p.29 |
| AD 769 | In Aquitaine, Hunoald, aiming at royal power, stirs up a rebellion; King Charles marches with an army, gathers forces at Egolisma (Angoulême) and pursues him but misses him. Hunoald flees to Duke Lupus of Gascony, and is handed over to the king when Lupus, unable to resist the threats, gives him up | ARF(Einhard판) a.769, Kurze 1895 p.29 | |
| AD 769 | The king builds the fortress of Fronsiacum on the Dordogne river; when envoys bring Hunoald, he returns home. He spends Christmas at Duria and Easter near Saint Lambert at Liège | ARF(Einhard판) a.769, Kurze 1895 p.31 | |
| AD 771 | Carloman dies on December 4 at the Salmontiacus palace, and Charles goes to Carbonacum to receive his brother's priests, counts and retainers. Carloman's wife and sons go to Italy with some of the nobles | ARF(Einhard판) a.771, Kurze 1895 p.33 | |
| AD 772 | Marsberg | After the general assembly at Worms, Charles invades Saxony, takes the castle of Eresburg at the first attack and destroys the idol the Saxons called Irminsul. During his three days' stay the water is said to have dried up, and at noon water gushed from the valley beside the mountain | ARF(Einhard판) a.772, Kurze 1895 p.35 |
| AD 773 | Geneva | Responding to Pope Hadrian's request for help, Charles resolves to conquer the Lombards and gathers the whole Frankish army at Geneva in Burgundy (on the Rhône) | ARF(Einhard판) a.773, Kurze 1895 p.35 |
| AD 773 | Pavia | Dividing his army in two: his uncle Bernard enters Italy by the Mons Jovis (Great St Bernard) while Charles himself crosses the Alps by the Mons Cenisius (Mont Cenis). King Desiderius, unable to resist, is made to flee and is shut up in Ticinum (Pavia), besieged through the winter | ARF(Einhard판) a.773, Kurze 1895 p.37 |
| AD 774 | While Charles is in Italy, the Saxons take the opportunity to raid the border of neighboring Hesse with fire and sword | ARF(Einhard판) a.774, Kurze 1895 p.37 | |
| AD 775 | Dortmund | After the general assembly at Duria, Charles crosses the Rhine and enters Saxony; at the first attack he takes the castle of Sigiburg, and he rebuilds Eresburg, which the Saxons had destroyed, and places a Frankish garrison there | ARF(Einhard판) a.775, Kurze 1895 p.41 |
| AD 775 | At Brunisberg on the Weser River, the great Saxon army that tried to block the crossing is driven off in the first clash, and many are killed | ARF(Einhard판) a.775, Kurze 1895 p.41 | |
| AD 775 | A Frankish detachment left on the Weser River is caught off guard at Clidbechi by a Saxon ruse and suffers considerable losses, but the resistance of the sentries drives the Saxons back. When the king hears this he hastens to pursue the fleeing men and defeats them badly | ARF(Einhard판) a.775, Kurze 1895 p.43 | |
| AD 776 | Duke Hrodgaud of Friuli plots a rebellion; Charles hurries to Italy, kills him, takes back the rebellious cities, installs Frankish counts, and returns at the same speed | ARF(Einhard판) a.776, Kurze 1895 p.45 | |
| AD 776 | Marsberg | Just as the king crosses the Alps, news arrives that the Saxons have taken Eresburg and driven out the Frankish garrison; they besieged Sigiburg but, through a sortie of its garrison, were chased all the way to the River Lippe | ARF(Einhard판) a.776, Kurze 1895 p.45 |
| AD 776 | Lippspringe | After the Worms assembly, Charles goes to Saxony like lightning, meets a great Saxon army begging forgiveness at the source of the Lippe, pardons them and has them baptized. He takes hostages, restores Eresburg, and builds a new castle on the bank of the Lippe with a garrison | ARF(Einhard판) a.776, Kurze 1895 p.47 |
| AD 777 | Paderborn | After Easter at Noviomagus, Charles goes to Saxony to hold an assembly at Paderborn. Saxon leaders come and submit, and many are baptized; but Widukind flees to Sigifrid, king of Denmark. From Spain the Saracen Ibn al-Arabi comes and surrenders | ARF(Einhard판) a.777, Kurze 1895 p.49 |
| AD 778 | The Saxons raid as far as the Rhine and devastate with fire and sword the villages from Diutia to the confluence of the Moselle. Hearing this at Aachen, the king sends East Frankish and Alamannian troops, who ambush them at the Adernach River in Hesse and defeat them badly | ARF(Einhard판) a.778, Kurze 1895 p.53 | |
| AD 779 | Compiegne | In spring Charles moves from Heristal to Compiègne, and on the way back Hildibrand, Duke of Spoleto, comes out to meet him with great gifts | ARF(Einhard판) a.779, Kurze 1895 p.53 |
| AD 779 | After the Duria assembly Charles crosses the Rhine at Lippeham and at a place called Buochold drives off the Saxons who resisted in vain hope. He subdues Westphalia and camps for several days at Mimidulli on the Weser, receiving hostages and oaths from the Angrarians and Ostphalians | ARF(Einhard판) a.779, Kurze 1895 p.55 | |
| AD 780 | Charles enters Saxony with a great army, passes Eresburg and spends several days at the source of the Lippe; from there, at Obacrugo and at Ohrum, he has many eastern Saxons baptized. He camps where the Elbe and the Ora meet, settling affairs between the Saxons on this side of the Elbe and the Slavs on the far side | ARF(Einhard판) a.780, Kurze 1895 p.57 | |
| AD 780 | Pavia | Resolved on a pilgrimage to Rome, Charles goes to Italy with his wife and children and spends Christmas at Ticinum | ARF(Einhard판) a.780, Kurze 1895 p.57 |
| AD 781 | Rome | Charles spends Easter in Rome; Pope Hadrian baptizes his son Pippin, anoints him king, and also anoints Ludovicus and crowns him. Pippin becomes king of Italy and Ludovicus king of Aquitaine | ARF(Einhard판) a.781, Kurze 1895 p.57 |
| AD 781 | Worms | When envoys of the pope and the king, agreed upon at Rome, persuade Tassilo, the Duke of Bavaria comes to the king at Worms, swears, and gives 12 hostages; but he soon breaks his promise. The king spends winter, Christmas and Easter at Carisiacus | ARF(Einhard판) a.781, Kurze 1895 p.59 |
| AD 782 | Cologne | In early summer Charles crosses the Rhine at Cologne and camps for several days at the source of the Lippe, where he holds an assembly. He receives envoys of Sigifrid, king of Denmark, and of the Hun leaders, the kagan and Igurus | ARF(Einhard판) a.782, Kurze 1895 p.59 |
| AD 782 | Frankish envoys, attacked by the Saxons gathered at Widukind's instigation, are defeated on the bank of the Weser beside Mount Süntel; two envoys (Adalgisus and Geilo), four counts and about twenty nobles die in battle | ARF(Einhard판) a.782, Kurze 1895 p.63 | |
| AD 782 | Verden | The king demands that the Saxon leaders hand over Widukind, but they cannot; so about 4,000 of the participants are beheaded in one day at Verden on the Aller River (the OCR figure 'quattuor milia' in the original is uncertain) | ARF(Einhard판) a.782, Kurze 1895 p.65 |
| AD 783 | Thionville | His wife, Queen Hildegard, dies on April 30. The king had just spent the winter at Theodonis villa | ARF(Einhard판) a.783, Kurze 1895 p.65 |
| AD 783 | Charles fights the Saxon army at Theotmelli and nearly annihilates it; he withdraws to Paderborn to await reinforcements, then at the River Hase on the Westphalian border again defeats the Saxon army gathered there, and devastates the land via the Weser as far as the Elbe | ARF(Einhard판) a.783, Kurze 1895 p.65 | |
| AD 783 | Herstal | Charles marries Fastrada, daughter of Count Radolf. In the same year his mother Bertrada dies on July 12. The king spends winter, Christmas and Easter at Herstal | ARF(Einhard판) a.783, Kurze 1895 p.67 |
| AD 784 | Charles crosses the Rhine at Lippeham, devastates Westphalia and camps at Hukulbi on the Weser; but a flood blocks his northward advance, so he turns to Thuringia, burns the eastern Saxon fields between the Elbe and the Saale, and entrusts the defense of Westphalia to his son Charles | ARF(Einhard판) a.784, Kurze 1895 p.67 | |
| AD 784 | His son Charles meets the Saxon army at the Driene district by the Lippe, wins after a cavalry battle, and returns to his father at Worms | ARF(Einhard판) a.784, Kurze 1895 p.69 | |
| AD 784 | Marsberg | Charles gathers his army again and goes to Saxony; plundering near the Lippe, he cannot advance further because of winter cold and floods, and winters at Eresburg | ARF(Einhard판) a.784, Kurze 1895 p.69 |
| AD 785 | Marsberg | Having summoned his wife and children to Eresburg and posted a garrison, Charles, with a swift army, stirs up Saxon villages all winter long, plundering them and inflicting great damage on Saxony | ARF(Einhard판) a.785, Kurze 1895 p.69 |
| AD 785 | Paderborn | When winter ends and supplies arrive, Charles holds the regular assembly at Paderborn and then goes to Bardengau | ARF(Einhard판) a.785, Kurze 1895 p.69 |
| AD 785 | Attigny | Hearing at Bardengau that Widukind and Abbio are across the Elbe, Charles persuades them; after receiving guarantees of safety, the two come with the king's envoy Amalwinus to the palace of Attigny and are baptized | ARF(Einhard판) a.785, Kurze 1895 p.71 |
| AD 785 | In the same year, across the Rhine in East Francia, a great conspiracy led by Count Hardrad breaks out, but is soon discovered, and the ringleaders are blinded or sentenced to exile | ARF(Einhard판) a.785, Kurze 1895 p.71 | |
| AD 786 | Florence | Charles, entering Italy in a harsh winter, spends Christmas at Florentia in Tuscany and hurries on to Rome | ARF(Einhard판) a.786, Kurze 1895 p.73 |
| AD 787 | Capua | Arichis, Duke of Benevento, on hearing of Charles's advance, sends his son Romuald to ask for peace, but he himself leads his army and camps at Capua. When the king moves first, he withdraws to Salernum, offers his two sons and promises obedience; the king halts the war and takes the younger son Grimoald as hostage | ARF(Einhard판) a.787, Kurze 1895 p.75 |
| AD 787 | Rome | Envoys of Tassilo, Duke of Bavaria, ask the pope to mediate a reconciliation, but when the king asks them to confirm their authority, the envoys say they have no power to answer. The pope declares he will excommunicate anyone who breaks a promise, and the matter comes to nothing. The king visits the tombs of the apostles and returns to Francia | ARF(Einhard판) a.787, Kurze 1895 p.77 |
| AD 787 | Augsburg | After the Worms assembly Charles divides his army into three for Bavaria: his son Pippin with the Italian army goes by the Trentina valley, the East Frankish and Saxon troops along the Danube, and Charles himself camps by the Lech near the suburb of Augusta. The besieged Tassilo comes, begs forgiveness and gives hostages | ARF(Einhard판) a.787, Kurze 1895 p.79 |
| AD 788 | Ingelheim | At the Ingelheim assembly, the Bavarians accuse Tassilo of treason for having brought in the Huns at his wife's urging; he is unanimously sentenced to death, but the king commutes it to monastic life out of mercy. His son Theodo is also shaved, and the Bavarians involved are exiled | ARF(Einhard판) a.788, Kurze 1895 p.81 |
| AD 788 | The Huns divide their army and attack the Friulian frontier and Bavaria, but are defeated in both places and withdraw with great losses. Coming back in greater force to take revenge on Bavaria, they are crushed in the first clash and many drown trying to cross the Danube | ARF(Einhard판) a.788, Kurze 1895 p.83 | |
| AD 788 | Byzantine Emperor Constantine, angered by the refusal of his daughter's betrothal, sends Theodore, governor of Sicily, to plunder Beneventan territory. The new duke Grimoald and Hildebrand, Duke of Spoleto, meet them in Calabria and win a great victory | ARF(Einhard판) a.788, Kurze 1895 p.83 | |
| AD 789 | Cologne | To punish the Slavs of the Wilzi, Charles crosses the Rhine at Cologne and passes through Saxony; he builds two bridges over the Elbe, crosses, and devastates Wilzi land. Dragovit surrenders with hostages and an oath of loyalty, and other Slav chiefs also yield | ARF(Einhard판) a.789, Kurze 1895 p.85 |
| AD 790 | Worms | This year there was no military campaign; Charles stayed at Worms, received the Hun envoys, and sent his own envoys to their leader. The dispute over the border later became the seed of the Hun wars. The palace at Worms burned in a night fire, but the king spent Christmas and Easter there | ARF(Einhard판) a.790, Kurze 1895 p.37 |
| AD 791 | Charles leaves Worms and, in Bavaria, to take revenge on the Huns, divides his army in two: one part under Count Theoderic and the attendant Meginfrid goes along the north bank of the Danube, while he himself goes along the south bank. He camps first on the Enns River, the border of Bavaria and the Huns, prays for three days, and then declares war on the Huns | ARF(Einhard판) a.791, Kurze 1895 p.89 | |
| AD 791 | They break and destroy the Hun defensive works (the stronghold on the Kamp River and on Mount Kumeoberg near Comagenus) and devastate the land with fire and sword. The king reaches the Arabo River, sweeps through part of Pannonia and returns to Bavaria. A horse plague breaks out in this army, reportedly leaving only one horse out of every ten | ARF(Einhard판) a.791, Kurze 1895 p.89 | |
| AD 791 | Regensburg | Charles winters at Regensburg (Reginum) and spends Christmas and Easter there | ARF(Einhard판) a.791, Kurze 1895 p.91 |
| AD 792 | Seu | Felix, bishop of the city of Urgel on the Pyrenees ridge, argues in reply to a question from Elipandus, bishop of Toledo, that Christ is an adopted son. At the synod of bishops at the Regensburg court his error is proven, and he is sent to Rome, where he retracts his heresy in St Peter's basilica | ARF(Einhard판) a.792, Kurze 1895 p.91 |
| AD 792 | Regensburg | While the king spends the summer at Regensburg, the Franks, unable to bear the cruelty of his eldest son Pippin and Queen Fastrada, plot to kill the king. The Lombard Fardulf informs on them, and the ringleaders are beheaded or hanged | ARF(Einhard판) a.792, Kurze 1895 p.91 |
| AD 793 | Just as Charles is about to attack Pannonia again, news arrives that the army led by Count Theoderic through Frisia was intercepted by Saxons at the Hriustri district by the Weser and annihilated | ARF(Einhard판) a.793, Kurze 1895 p.93 | |
| AD 793 | Between the Radantia and the Alemona river they begin digging a canal to link the Danube and the Rhine by boat and work all autumn, but rain and marsh make the earth dug by day slide back down at night, and the effort fails | ARF(Einhard판) a.793, Kurze 1895 p.93 | |
| AD 793 | Saracens attack Septimania, fight with the border garrison and counts, kill many Franks, and return after a victory. With this news and news of a full-scale Saxon rebellion, Charles returns to Francia | ARF(Einhard판) a.793, Kurze 1895 p.95 | |
| AD 794 | Frankfurt | At the beginning of summer Charles holds a general assembly at Frankfurt and convenes a council of bishops of the whole kingdom. At this council, attended by papal legates, Felix's heresy is condemned and the Seventh Ecumenical Council (Nicaea II) is declared invalid. Queen Fastrada dies there and is buried beside St Alban at Mainz | ARF(Einhard판) a.794, Kurze 1895 p.95 |
| AD 794 | The king divides his army in two and marches on Saxony: he goes from the south, while his son Charles crosses the Rhine at Cologne and comes from the west. The Saxons camped on the Sintfeld plain give up fighting and surrender with hostages and oaths | ARF(Einhard판) a.794, Kurze 1895 p.97 | |
| AD 795 | Charles holds a general assembly at the palace of Kupfesstein on the Main, opposite Mainz, then enters Saxony and sweeps through almost its whole territory, devastating it | ARF(Einhard판) a.795, Kurze 1895 p.97 | |
| AD 795 | Bardowick | While Charles waits for the Slavs at Bardenwik in Bardengau, news arrives that Witzin, king of the Abodrites, was killed by a Saxon ambush as he crossed the Elbe. The enraged king devastates Saxon land even more | ARF(Einhard판) a.795, Kurze 1895 p.97 |
| AD 796 | Rome | Hadrian dies and Leo ascends to the papacy; as envoy he sends the king the keys of St Peter and the banner of the city of Rome, and asks for noble envoys who will receive the oath of loyalty from the Romans. Angilbert is sent, and Duke Erich of Friuli sends to St Peter some of the treasures taken from the Hun palace at Ring | ARF(Einhard판) a.796, Kurze 1895 p.99 |
| AD 796 | Pippin leads Italian and Bavarian troops in Pannonia, drives the Huns beyond the Tisza River, utterly destroys the Hun royal palace they called Ring, and carries off most of its wealth to his father at Aachen | ARF(Einhard판) a.796, Kurze 1895 p.99 | |
| AD 797 | Barcelona | Zatus, a Saracen who had taken the Spanish frontier city of Barcelona, alternating between Franks and Saracens, comes voluntarily in early summer to the king at Aachen and surrenders the city | ARF(Einhard판) a.797, Kurze 1895 p.101 |
| AD 797 | Huesca | Having won Barcelona, the king sends his son Ludovicus with an army to Spain to besiege Osca, and he himself sweeps Saxony between the Elbe and the Weser to the ocean | ARF(Einhard판) a.797, Kurze 1895 p.101 |
| AD 798 | The Saxons beyond the Elbe, arrogant after killing the king's envoys, attack Abotritia, but Duke Trasco of the Abodrites meets them at Swentana and wins a great victory (in the first clash 4,000 warriors fell; the king's envoy Ebureis testifies) | ARF(Einhard판) a.798, Kurze 1895 p.105 | |
| AD 798 | Lisbon | Envoys of King Hadefonsus of Spain come to Aachen, bringing the booty from their capture of Olisipona (Lisbon) for the king: seven Moors, mules and armor | ARF(Einhard판) a.798, Kurze 1895 p.105 |
| AD 799 | Rome | During a procession, Pope Leo, caught in an ambush laid by the Romans, is said to have been thrown from his horse, had his eyes gouged out and his tongue cut; at night he escaped over the city wall, was rescued by Winigis, Duke of Spoleto, and taken to Spoleto | ARF(Einhard판) a.799, Kurze 1895 p.107 |
| AD 799 | Paderborn | On hearing this the king continues his Saxon campaign; after the assembly at Lippeham he goes to Paderborn to await the pope. The pope comes, is received with great honor, stays several days, and returns to Rome with the king's envoys | ARF(Einhard판) a.799, Kurze 1895 p.107 |
| AD 799 | Rijeka | Gerold, governor of Bavaria, dies fighting the Huns, and Duke Erich of Friuli is killed in an ambush set by the inhabitants at the city of Tharsatica in Liburnia | ARF(Einhard판) a.799, Kurze 1895 p.109 |
| AD 800 | SaintRiquier | In mid-March Charles leaves Aachen and tours the ocean coast, placing a fleet and garrisons against the Norman pirates, and celebrates Easter at Centulum (Saint-Riquier) | ARF(Einhard판) a.800, Kurze 1895 p.111 |
| AD 800 | Tours | After crossing the Seine at Rouen, Charles goes to pray at the tomb of Saint Martin in Tours. While he stays there because of his wife Liutgard's illness, the queen dies on June 4 and is buried there | ARF(Einhard판) a.800, Kurze 1895 p.111 |
| AD 800 | Mainz | In early August Charles comes to Mainz, holds an assembly and proclaims a campaign to Italy, then goes with the army to Ravenna. After seven days at Ravenna he sends his son Pippin with the army to the land of Beneventum, and goes to Ancona, heading for Rome | ARF(Einhard판) a.800, Kurze 1895 p.111 |
| AD 800 | Rome | Guided by Pope Leo, who receives him at Nomentum, Charles enters Rome on November 24, welcomed by the clergy on the steps of St Peter's basilica | ARF(Einhard판) a.800, Kurze 1895 p.113 |
| AD 800 | Rome | At the Christmas Mass Pope Leo places a crown on Charles's head, and the Romans acclaim: 'Charles Augustus… emperor of the Romans'; the pope honors him as the ancient rulers were honored, and Charles drops the title of patricius and is called emperor and Augustus | ARF(Einhard판) a.801(=성탄 800), Kurze 1895 p.113 |
| AD 802 | Aachen | The empress Irene of Constantinople sends the envoy Leo to confirm peace; the emperor also sends Bishop Jesse of Ambiani and Count Helmgaud to Constantinople. He celebrates Easter at Aachen on March 27 | ARF a.802, Kurze 1895 p.117 |
| AD 802 | Lucera | Grimoald, Duke of Benevento, besieges Winigis, Count of Spoleto, who was the garrison commander at Lucheria, forces his surrender, and treats him with honor | ARF a.802, Kurze 1895 p.117 |
| AD 803 | BadNeustadt | Together with the envoys returned from Constantinople, envoys of Emperor Nikephoros (Bishop Michael, Abbot Petrus and Callistus) meet the emperor at Salz on the Saale in Germany and receive the text of the peace treaty. Irene is deposed after the envoys arrive | ARF a.803, Kurze 1895 p.118 |
| AD 804 | Schleswig | The emperor moves the Saxons who lived across the Elbe at Bichamodi, with their wives and children, into Frankish land, and gives that land to the Abodrites. Danish King Godofrid comes with fleet and cavalry to Sliesthorp but, afraid to meet him, sends his message only through envoys | ARF a.804, Kurze 1895 p.118 |
| AD 805 | The emperor sends his son Charles with the army into the land of the Bohemian Slavs, devastates the whole country and kills their leader Lecho. Charles joins the emperor at the Kamp in the Bohemian forest | ARF a.805, Kurze 1895 p.120 | |
| AD 806 | Thionville | Just after Christmas, the Venetian doges (Willeri and Beatus), the governor of Zara Paulus, bishop Donatus and the envoys of Dalmatia come to the emperor with great gifts, and the order of government of Venice and Dalmatia is set | ARF a.806, Kurze 1895 p.120 |
| AD 806 | Thionville | The emperor, with the Frankish nobles, deliberates on peace among his three sons and the division of the kingdom into three shares, confirms it by oath, and sends the document to Pope Leo through Einhard to seek his signature. The pope reads it, agrees, and signs it himself | ARF a.806, Kurze 1895 p.121 |
| AD 806 | Nijmegen | The emperor goes from Theodonis villa along the Moselle and the Rhine to Noviomagus, and keeps Lent and Easter (April 12) there | ARF a.806, Kurze 1895 p.121 |
| AD 806 | The emperor sends his son Charles to the Sorbian Slavs beside the Elbe; their leader Milidoochus dies, and two castles are built beside the Saale and the Elbe | ARF a.806, Kurze 1895 p.121 | |
| AD 807 | The emperor sends the stable master Burchard with a fleet to Corsica. The Moors lose 3,000 men to the Sards on Sardinia, and in a naval battle at the port of Corsica they are defeated and lose 13 ships | ARF a.807, Kurze 1895 p.124 | |
| AD 808 | When Danish King Godofrid invades Abodritia with an army, the emperor sends his son Charles with Frankish and Saxon troops to the Elbe. Godofrid camps on the coast for several days, takes several Slav castles and withdraws with heavy losses; he drives out Duke Trasco and deceives and captures Godelaibus, hanging him. Charles builds a bridge over the Elbe, crosses with the army, plunders the lands of the Linones and Smeldingi, and returns | ARF a.808, Kurze 1895 p.125 | |
| AD 808 | Before going home, Godofrid destroys the trading port of Reric on the ocean coast and moves the merchants away | ARF a.808, Kurze 1895 p.126 | |
| AD 808 | Schleswig | Godofrid disbands his fleet and comes to the port of Sliesthorp, where he stays several days; he decides to block the border facing Saxony with a rampart along the north bank of the Eider River | ARF a.808, Kurze 1895 p.126 |
| AD 809 | Tortosa | In the west King Ludovicus enters Spain with an army and besieges Tortosa on the Ebro River; as it does not fall easily, he lifts the siege and returns safely to Aquitaine | ARF a.809, Kurze 1895 p.127 |
| AD 809 | Aachen | In November the emperor holds a council at Aachen on the question of the procession of the Holy Spirit, and sends Bernarius, bishop of Worms, and Adalhard, abbot of Corbie, to Pope Leo | ARF a.809, Kurze 1895 p.129 |
| AD 809 | Itzehoe | Just as he is about to build a city across the Elbe in response to the Danish king's arrogance, Trasco, Duke of the Abodrites, is murdered at the trading place of Reric by Godofrid's men. Count Egbert occupies the site of Esesfeld on the bank of the Stura River around March 15 and begins to build | ARF a.809, Kurze 1895 p.129 |
| AD 810 | News reaches the emperor that 200 Norman ships landed in Frisia, devastated the coastal islands, and after defeating the Frisians three times took 100 pounds of silver. He has the army mustered, crosses the Rhine, and waits for troops at Lippeham. Meanwhile Charles's elephant suddenly dies | ARF a.810, Kurze 1895 p.131 | |
| AD 810 | The emperor camps where the Aller River joins the Weser to await Godofrid's challenge. But news arrives that Godofrid was killed by his own men, that the fleet had gone home, that the castle of Hohbuoki fell to Vilhi, and that King Pippin of Italy died on July 8 | ARF a.810, Kurze 1895 p.131 | |
| AD 811 | Twelve nobles of the Franks and of the Danes exchange oaths on the River Eider and confirm peace. From the Danish side come Hemming's brothers Hankin and Angantheo, and others | ARF a.811, Kurze 1895 p.134 | |
| AD 811 | Istanbul | To confirm the peace the emperor sends Haido, bishop of Basel, Hugo, count of Tours, and Ayo of Friuli to Constantinople | ARF a.811, Kurze 1895 p.133 |
| AD 812 | When Danish King Hemming dies, Sigifrid and Anulo struggle for the throne and both die in battle; the winning side of Anulo sets up his brothers Heriold and Reginfrid as kings. (The number of dead is in the damaged OCR text, 'XDCCCCXL'.) | ARF a.812, Kurze 1895 p.136 | |
| AD 812 | Emperor Nikephoros dies fighting the Bulgars in Moesia, and his son-in-law Michael becomes emperor; in Constantinople he receives the envoys of Emperor Charles, sends them back, and confirms the peace | ARF a.812, Kurze 1895 p.136 | |
| AD 812 | Aachen | At the church in Aachen, Michael's envoys receive the treaty text, praising in Greek and calling the emperor basileus. On the way back, at St Peter's basilica in Rome, they receive the same treaty text from Pope Leo | ARF a.812, Kurze 1895 p.136 |
| AD 813 | Istanbul | In spring the emperor sends Amalharius, bishop of Trier, and Petrus, abbot of Nonantula, to Constantinople to confirm the peace with Emperor Michael | ARF a.813, Kurze 1895 p.137 |
| AD 814 | Aachen | Emperor Charles, while wintering at Aachen, dies on January 28, in a year when he was about 71 (47 years as ruler, 43 years of the conquest of Italy, the 14th year of the imperial title) | ARF a.814, Kurze 1895 p.140 |
| AD 814 | Aachen | His son Ludovicus, who receives news of his death at the Theodonis villa in Aquitaine, arrives at Aachen on the thirtieth day and succeeds his father with the agreement and goodwill of all the Franks | ARF a.814, Kurze 1895 p.140 |
| AD 815 | On the order of Emperor Ludovicus, Saxon and Abodrite troops cross the Eider River to help King Heriold, who had been driven out, marching into Nordic land at Sinlendi and camping on the coast on the seventh day. Godofrid's sons are on an island with a fleet of 200 ships, so they do not fight; they devastate the neighborhood, take 40 hostages, and return to Saxony | ARF a.815, Kurze 1895 p.142 | |
| AD 815 | Paderborn | At the Paderborn general assembly the emperor receives Slav chiefs and envoys from the east. Hearing of a plot against Pope Leo's life in Rome, he sends his nephew Bernard, king of Italy, to Rome | ARF a.815, Kurze 1895 p.142 |
| AD 815 | Rome | The Romans plunder and set fire to the new farms that the sick Pope Leo had founded, and try to march on Rome; King Bernard sends Duke Winigis of Spoleto to put down the revolt | ARF a.815, Kurze 1895 p.143 |
| AD 816 | Saxons and East Franks march against the rebellious Sorbian Slavs who refuse obedience; they take one city, and the rebels promise obedience and calm down | ARF a.816, Kurze 1895 p.144 | |
| AD 816 | The Vascones beyond the Garonne, near the Pyrenees, led by the duke Sigwin who had been driven out, rise in full rebellion, but after two campaigns they are tamed | ARF a.816, Kurze 1895 p.144 | |
| AD 816 | Reims | The new pope Stephen hurries to visit the emperor; the emperor receives him at Reims, and after Mass the pope places a crown on the emperor (October) | ARF a.816, Kurze 1895 p.144 |
| AD 817 | Aachen | Envoys of Abdirraman, son of the Saracen king Abulaz of Zaragoza, come to ask for peace; they are received at Compiègne and ordered to go to Aachen first. After being detained for three months they are sent back. Envoys of Emperor Leo of Constantinople also come to Aachen on the Dalmatian question | ARF a.817, Kurze 1895 p.145 |
| AD 817 | Aachen | At the June assembly at Aachen the emperor crowns his eldest son Lothair, making him co-emperor and a name of the realm, and installs his other two sons as kings of Aquitaine and Bavaria. Earlier, on Maundy Thursday, a wooden gallery collapsed and he suffered slight injuries but soon recovered | ARF a.817, Kurze 1895 p.146 |
| AD 817 | Itzehoe | Slaomir, angered at the order to share royal power with Ceadragus, starts an Abodrite revolt and allies with Godofrid's sons. Their fleet sails up the Elbe to Esesfeld castle and devastates the bank of the Stura, but they give up attacking the castle and withdraw | ARF a.817, Kurze 1895 p.147 |
| AD 817 | Chalon | News that his nephew Bernard, king of Italy, plots rebellion by blocking the Alpine passes makes the emperor hurry into Italy with a great army; in December at Cavilonum Bernard surrenders, and his accomplices confess everything | ARF a.817, Kurze 1895 p.147 |
| AD 818 | Vannes | Having punished Bernard's gang, the emperor, with a great army, invades Britannia (Brittany), holds a general assembly at Benedis, takes the rebel strongholds and easily subdues the whole region. Mormanus, who posed as king, is killed by the imperial army | ARF a.818, Kurze 1895 p.148 |
| AD 818 | Angers | After the campaign the emperor disbands the army and returns to the town of Angers, where his queen Irmingard, who was ill, dies on October 3, two days after she arrived | ARF a.818, Kurze 1895 p.148 |
| AD 818 | Herstal | The emperor passes Rouen, Amiens and Cambrai and reaches Heristal; envoys of Sico, duke of Beneventum, come with gifts to explain the killing of Grimoald, as do envoys of the Abodrites, the Bornas (Guduscan), the Timocians, and Riudewit of Lower Pannonia | ARF a.818, Kurze 1895 p.149 |
| AD 819 | Aachen | Slaomir is brought to Aachen, accused, and since he cannot defend himself he is exiled; his kingdom is given to Ceadragus, son of Trasco | ARF a.819, Kurze 1895 p.150 |
| AD 819 | Ingelheim | At the July assembly at Ingelheim the emperor sends the Italian army to Pannonia because of the rebellion of Riudewit, duke of Lower Pannonia, but they return without success. Riudewit, when his conditions as envoy are refused, incites neighboring tribes and prepares for war | ARF a.819, Kurze 1895 p.150 |
| AD 819 | Boruna, duke of Dalmatia and Liburnia, meets Riudewit coming to the Kulpa River, but in the first clash he is abandoned by Guduscan and survives thanks to his bodyguard. In December Riudewit invades Dalmatia and plunders, but after losing 3,000 men to Boruna's guerrilla raids he is driven out | ARF a.819, Kurze 1895 p.151 | |
| AD 819 | Baldricus, who succeeded the duke of Friuli, enters the land of the Carantani and, with a small force, attacks Riudewit's army as it marches along the Drava River; he kills many and drives it out of the region | ARF a.819, Kurze 1895 p.151 | |
| AD 819 | In the west, the emperor's son Pippin, by his father's order, enters Vasconia with an army, eliminates the rebels and pacifies the whole region | ARF a.819, Kurze 1895 p.152 | |
| AD 820 | Aachen | At the January assembly at Aachen it is decided to send three armies against Riudewit. Bera, count of Barcelona, loses a duel and is sentenced to death, but by the emperor's mercy his sentence is commuted to exile at Rouen | ARF a.820, Kurze 1895 p.152 |
| AD 820 | In spring the three armies set out against Riudewit: from Italy over the Noric Alps, through the Carantani region, and into Bavaria and Upper Pannonia. The middle army overcomes resistance in three places and crosses the Drava, but Riudewit shuts himself up in a hilltop fort and will not respond. The armies devastate the region with fire and sword and return, though the Upper Pannonian army suffers heavy losses from dysentery | ARF a.820, Kurze 1895 p.152 | |
| AD 820 | Continuous rain and humidity spread a plague among people and cattle throughout the Frankish kingdom; the grain rots and the wine turns sour | ARF a.820, Kurze 1895 p.154 | |
| AD 821 | Aachen | At the February assembly at Aachen the war with Riudewit is discussed, three armies are organized, and the question of the Spanish frontier is also decided. The Noviomagus assembly is set for May | ARF a.821, Kurze 1895 p.154 |
| AD 821 | After Easter the emperor goes up and down the Maas River by boat, reads again the kingdom division decided earlier, and confirms it by the oaths of the nobles. He receives envoys of Pope Paschal | ARF a.821, Kurze 1895 p.155 | |
| AD 821 | Bornas, duke of Dalmatia and Liburnia, dies and his nephew Ladislavus succeeds him. The patriarch of Grado, Fortunatus, is accused of inciting Riudewit; he goes to Istria, then secretly flees by boat, explains his reasons for flight to the governor of Iadera (Zadar), and is sent to Constantinople | ARF a.821, Kurze 1895 p.155 | |
| AD 821 | Thionville | In mid-October at the Theodonis villa assembly, the eldest son Lothair marries Irmingard, daughter of Count Hugo. Papal envoys also attend, and the emperor pardons and restores Bernard's accomplices and Adalhard | ARF a.821, Kurze 1895 p.156 |
| AD 822 | Attigny | At the August assembly at Attigny, the emperor publicly confesses before all the people that he forced his brothers to be shaved, and his matters concerning his nephew Bernard and Adalhard | ARF a.822, Kurze 1895 p.158 |
| AD 822 | Sisak | When the army from Italy enters Pannonia, Riudewit abandons the city of Siscia and flees to the Sorbs, who occupy most of Dalmatia; he tricks and kills one of their chiefs, takes the city, and promises to go to the emperor | ARF a.822, Kurze 1895 p.158 |
| AD 822 | Frankfurt | After the autumn hunt the emperor crosses the Rhine and winters at Frankfurt, holding an assembly, and receives envoys from the Eastern Slavs (Abodrites, Sorbs, Wilzi, Bohemia, Moravia), the Avars of Pannonia, and the Northmen (sons of Heriold and Godofrid) | ARF a.822, Kurze 1895 p.159 |
| AD 823 | Frankfurt | At the May assembly, Milegastus and Cealadragus, sons of Liudi, king of the Wilzi, come before the emperor to contest the throne. The younger brother preferred by the people is set to rule; both are sent home after gifts and oaths | ARF a.823, Kurze 1895 p.160 |
| AD 823 | Rome | Lothair, who was administering justice in Italy, goes to Rome at the request of Pope Paschal and at Easter (April 5) in St Peter's basilica receives the imperial crown and the titles of emperor and Augustus; he returns to his father in June via Pavia | ARF a.823, Kurze 1895 p.161 |
| AD 823 | Compiegne | When the emperor sets Compiègne as the site of the November general assembly and is about to disperse, news arrives that Riudewit left the Sorbs for the Dalmatian home of his cousin Riudemuhslus, son of Bornas's brother, and was killed by Riudemuhslus's trickery | ARF a.823, Kurze 1895 p.161 |
| AD 823 | Rome | News reaches the emperor that Theodore, an official of the papal curia, and his son-in-law Leo were blinded and beheaded in the Lateran palace (reportedly for siding with the emperor, or on Pope Paschal's order). The pope declares his innocence under oath and says the killers were of the family of Peter, so the act was justified | ARF a.823, Kurze 1895 p.161 |
| AD 823 | Compiegne | On 1 November the emperor arrives at Compiègne. Ceadragus, leader of the Abodrites, comes to explain his long absence and is forgiven, returning with gifts. Heriold also comes from Denmark to ask for help against the sons of Godofrid | ARF a.823, Kurze 1895 p.162 |
| AD 823 | This year there was an earthquake at the palace of Aachen; in the Tours region a twelve-year-old girl fasted for ten months; in Piriuhsazi in Saxony twenty-three villages burned by fire from heaven; in a church of the Comum region an image of the Virgin shone for two days. Hail and thunderbolt damage and a great plague and deaths followed | ARF a.823, Kurze 1895 p.163 | |
| AD 824 | Aachen | When the Bulgar king sends envoys with a letter asking for peace, the emperor, calling it unprecedented, sends Makelmus of Bavaria to the Bulgar king to find out the situation | ARF a.824, Kurze 1895 p.164 |
| AD 824 | Counts Ebolus and Ashinarius go to Pamplona with the Vascon army, and on their way back are ambushed at the Pyrenees crest through the betrayal of the mountain men; the army is nearly annihilated. Ebolus is sent to Córdoba, while Ashinarius is released because he is a kinsman | ARF a.824, Kurze 1895 p.166 | |
| AD 824 | Rome | Pope Paschal dies and Eugenius is consecrated; the emperor sends Lothair to Rome after mid-August to settle matters with the new pope and the Romans. Lothair is received by Eugenius and restores order in Rome | ARF a.824, Kurze 1895 p.166 |
| AD 824 | Rennes | Because of famine, the Britannia expedition is postponed to early autumn; the emperor gathers all the army and comes to Redonas on the Britannia border, divides his army into three, giving two parts to his sons Pippin and Ludovicus, and enters Britannia himself, devastating it with fire and sword. It takes over 40 days; he takes hostages and returns | ARF a.824, Kurze 1895 p.165 |
| AD 824 | Rouen | Having finished the expedition, the emperor returns to Rouen on November 17, where his wife had asked him to wait, and receives the envoys of Emperor Michael of Constantinople and Patriarch Fortunatus | ARF a.824, Kurze 1895 p.165 |
| AD 825 | Aachen | At the May Aachen assembly he receives Bulgar envoys (the Bulgar-Frankish border question is decided). The chiefs of the Britons and Viomarcus submit, and the emperor pardons them, but he breaks his promise, plunders his neighbors, and is killed at his home by the men of Count Landbert | ARF a.825, Kurze 1895 p.167 |
| AD 825 | Aachen | At the August Aachen assembly he receives envoys from various regions and from the sons of Godofrid in Northman land, and has the peace they requested confirmed at the frontier in October | ARF a.825, Kurze 1895 p.168 |
| AD 825 | Nijmegen | After the assembly the emperor goes with his eldest son to Noviomagus and sends his younger son Ludovicus to Bavaria. He returns to Aachen at the beginning of winter, after finishing the autumn hunt | ARF a.825, Kurze 1895 p.168 |
| AD 826 | Aachen | At the end of January in Aachen the emperor meets his son Pippin, king of Aquitaine, and the counts of the Spanish frontier; they deliberate and decide how to guard the western frontier against the Saracens | ARF a.826, Kurze 1895 p.169 |
| AD 826 | Ingelheim | In mid-May the emperor leaves Aachen, and in early June holds an assembly at Ingelheim, where he receives envoys of the papal curia: Bishop Leo, Theophylactus, Dominicus, abbot of Mount Olivet, and the envoys of the sons of Godofrid of Denmark and of the Abodrite chiefs | ARF a.826, Kurze 1895 p.169 |
| AD 826 | Mainz | Danish King Heriold, with his wife and many Danes, is baptized at the church of St Alban in Mainz on June 24, receives the emperor's gifts, and goes back to Frisia, where he receives a county | ARF a.826, Kurze 1895 p.170 |
| AD 826 | BadNeustadt | After the autumn hunt the emperor crosses the Rhine to the Zalca villa, where he meets envoys from Neapolis. News comes that Aeizo, a figure of the Spanish frontier, fled and entered Ausona, destroyed the city of Lota, and gained the help of the Saracen king Abdirraman | ARF a.826, Kurze 1895 p.170 |
| AD 826 | Ingelheim | At the mid-October assembly of Ingelheim, Ceadragus and Tunglo are interrogated. Tunglo, after giving a son as hostage, is sent home; Ceadragus is kept back and, after asking the will of the Abodrite people and taking hostages, is restored | ARF a.826, Kurze 1895 p.171 |
| AD 827 | Aeizo, trusting in Saracen support, harms the garrisons of the Spanish frontier; Villemundus, son of Bera, and others join him in raiding Ceritania and Valencia. The emperor sends Abbot Elisacar to settle matters, while Bernard, count of Barcelona, resists to the end | ARF a.827, Kurze 1895 p.172 | |
| AD 827 | Zaragoza | An army sent by the Saracen king Abdirraman to aid Aeizo arrives at Zaragoza. The emperor sends his son Pippin, king of Aquitaine, with a great army, but the commanders are late; Abu Marwan devastates the plains of Barcelona and Gerunda, and withdraws to Zaragoza before the Franks even see him | ARF a.827, Kurze 1895 p.173 |
| AD 827 | Compiegne | The emperor holds two assemblies: one at Neumagen, because of the false promises of Horich, son of Godofrid of Denmark; the other at Compiègne, where he receives tribute and gives instructions to those who will be sent to the Spanish frontier. Until early winter he stays at palaces such as Compiègne and Carisiacus | ARF a.827, Kurze 1895 p.173 |
| AD 827 | The Bulgars, with a fleet, devastate with fire and sword the Slavs who had settled in Pannonia, driving them to the Drava River; they expel their leaders and install Bulgar rulers | ARF a.827, Kurze 1895 p.173 | |
| AD 828 | Aachen | At the February Aachen assembly the failures of the Spanish frontier commanders are judged and their property confiscated; Balderic, Duke of Friuli, loses his rank and the frontier command for being responsible for the Bulgar devastation of Upper Pannonia, and the frontier is divided among four counts | ARF a.828, Kurze 1895 p.174 |
| AD 828 | Ingelheim | In June the emperor comes to the palace at Ingelheim, holds the assembly for several days, and deliberates on sending his two sons Lothair and Pippin with the army to the Spanish frontier | ARF a.828, Kurze 1895 p.174 |
| AD 828 | Count Boniface, in charge of Corsica, with his brother Bereharius and others, circles Corsica and Sardinia with a small fleet; finding no pirates, he crosses to Africa, lands between Utica and Carthage, and, defeating over five times the crowds of inhabitants that gathered suddenly, causes great fear among the Africans | ARF a.828, Kurze 1895 p.176 | |
| AD 829 | Aachen | During Lent at Aachen, at night an earthquake and a great wind strip much of the lead roofing from the Chapel of the Virgin (capella) | ARF a.829, Kurze 1895 p.176 |
| AD 829 | Worms | In August, as the emperor sets off for the Worms assembly, news arrives that the Northmen are targeting Saxony beyond the Elbe; he has all the people gather in Saxony. In mid-July at Novasium he tried to cross the Rhine but learned the news was false; in mid-August he comes to Worms, holds the assembly, receives tribute and receives envoys from Rome and Beneventum | ARF a.829, Kurze 1895 p.177 |
| AD 829 | Frankfurt | After the assembly the emperor goes to the Frankfurt palace for the autumn hunt | ARF a.829, Kurze 1895 p.177 |
| AD 829 | Aachen | Around November 11 (the Mass of St Martin) the emperor returns to Aachen and celebrates with great joy the Mass of St Martin, the feast of St Andrew (November 30), and Christmas (the end of the chronicle) | ARF a.829, Kurze 1895 p.178 |