Nikephoros Gregoras, Roman History: a Standard history source. Covers AD 1341 – 1359, with 175 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.
| Type | Standard history |
|---|---|
| Viewpoint | Insider account |
| Years covered | AD 1341 – 1359 |
| Events | 175 events, 138 placed on the map |
| Author | Nikephoros Gregoras |
| Original title | Nicephori Gregorae Byzantina Historia |
Regions: West Asia 102 · Southern Europe 65
| Year | Place | Event | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| AD 1341 | Constantinople | Having finished the story of Andronikos III, the account turns to his nine-year-old son John, who was left behind. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L643-651 |
| AD 1341 | Constantinople | Three days after her husband's funeral, the empress Anna returns to the palace. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L799-800 |
| AD 1341 | Constantinople | The patriarch and bishops produce the late emperor's testament (codicil), said to contain instructions for his wife and children. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L802-804 |
| AD 1341 | Constantinople | Apokaukos and the patriarch visit the empress privately and urge her to strip Kantakouzenos of his authority. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L1106-1111 |
| AD 1341 | The fortress Epibatai built by Apokaukos serves as the base of his faction. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L1185-1191 | |
| AD 1341 | The army swears on the Gospels to protect the emperor's life, a show of military support for Kantakouzenos. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L1254-1256 | |
| AD 1341 | Constantinople | Kantakouzenos steps before the empress and her entourage and begins a speech. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L1297-1300 |
| AD 1341 | Kantakouzenos tours the cities and districts of Thrace, inspecting defenses and posting garrisons. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L1851-1852 | |
| AD 1341 | The fleet of Umur (the emir) collects heavy taxes every year from the Aegean islands and coasts. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L1890-1904 | |
| AD 1341 | Smyrna | Umur's large fleet gathers in the harbor of Smyrna, poised to attack Thrace and even Byzantium. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L1960-1961 |
| AD 1341 | Kantakouzenos prepares to repel Umur's fleet as quickly as possible. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L1962-1963 | |
| AD 1341 | Constantinople | Kantakouzenos hears that the empress Anna has fallen ill, and Apokaukos again plots. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L2020-2021 |
| AD 1341 | Apokaukos has long been amassing wealth at the Epibatai fortress at great expense. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L2218-2220 | |
| AD 1341 | Kantakouzenos orders the fortress demolished, its hoard moved to the treasury, and Apokaukos detained. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L2265-2268 | |
| AD 1341 | Constantinople | Kantakouzenos leaves Byzantium for the cities of Thrace. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L2336-2338 |
| AD 1341 | Constantinople | The released Apokaukos returns to Byzantium. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L2392-2392 |
| AD 1341 | Constantinople | The patriarch leaves his church seat to stay at the palace beside the empress and acts together with Apokaukos. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L2393-2396 |
| AD 1341 | Constantinople | Kantakouzenos's relatives and associates gather and send envoys to the patriarch and Apokaukos asking them not to harm him, then clash with the crowd. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L2555-2564 |
| AD 1341 | Constantinople | Kantakouzenos's mother is unjustly imprisoned and her house is torn down. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L2609-2610 |
| AD 1341 | The whole Roman world splits into two parties. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L2861-2862 | |
| AD 1341 | Constantinople | The patriarch's side sends bundles of letters of excommunication and interdict against Kantakouzenos's supporters to provinces and cities. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L2933-2936 |
| AD 1341 | Kantakouzenos's side repeatedly sends envoys asking for peace. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L2948-2948 | |
| AD 1341 | His enemies keep arming against Kantakouzenos by land and sea. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L2997-2998 | |
| AD 1341 | Constantinople | Some of Kantakouzenos's soldiers, invited by citizens of Byzantium, defect to the Byzantium side. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L3003-3005 |
| AD 1341 – 1342 | Didymoteichon | Kantakouzenos's forces are shut up with their animals and baggage in the small town of Didymoteichon and spend the winter there. | Bonn II 라틴 대역 Lib.XII, part_01.txt L3007-3008 |
| AD 1341 | After the death of Andronikos III the state is shaken by civil strife (tumultus civilis), the turmoil of the young emperor's time. | part_20.txt L78-82 | |
| AD 1342 | The next day Kantakouzenos sends envoys to the king of Serbia (Cralis Serviae) to relate his tragic situation and seek sympathy. | XIII.2 (V 앞) | |
| AD 1342 | Triballi | A Triballian lies in ambush, seizes Kantakouzenos's envoys and hands them to Apokaukos, then himself adopts Roman customs. | XIII.2 (V) |
| AD 1342 | Triballi | Kantakouzenos sends word to Liberius, governor of the Triballian region and an old friend, to offer his right hand and give a speech. | XIII.2 (V) |
| AD 1342 | Triballi | Liberius, unable to cover a day's journey, comes out to meet Kantakouzenos, shakes his hand and lets him stay several days to regain his strength. | XIII.2 (VI) |
| AD 1342 | Triballi | Kantakouzenos promises his son Manuel as son-in-law to Liberius and asks him to open the road to the king of Serbia and mediate a reconciliation. | XIII.2 (VI) |
| AD 1342 | Liberius writes a letter of recommendation to the king of Serbia, and Kantakouzenos sets out with it and an escort. | XIII.2 (VII) | |
| AD 1342 | Scupi (Scopia, 현 Skopje) | Under his own military escort, Kantakouzenos reaches the small town of Skopje 15 days after setting out; the Axios river flows beside its walls. | XIII.2 (VII) |
| AD 1342 | Scupi (Scopia, 현 Skopje) | The army arrives at Skopje, chooses a place to recover from great fatigue, and camps and rests there. | XIII.2 (VIII) |
| AD 1343 – 1344 | Byzantium | The Roman cities of Byzantium and Thrace go hungry for lack of grain. | XIII.12 (Bonn 684) |
| AD 1343 – 1344 | Thracia | Taking advantage of the civil war, the Turks cross by ship from Asia to Thrace, burning fields, driving off livestock and enslaving people. | XIII.12 (Bonn 684) |
| AD 1343 – 1344 | Pontus Euxinus | The grain ships that came yearly from the Black Sea fail to arrive; the cause is the Genoese colony of Caffa blocking the mouth of the Black Sea. | XIII.12 (Bonn 684) |
| AD 1345 | Perithorion | Imperial forces surround Momchilas's army near Perithorion, destroy its cavalry and infantry, and Momchilas himself is killed. | XIV.9 (추정, 줄 1257–1322) |
| AD 1345 | Constantinople (Byzantium) | Apokaukos is killed by prisoners in the old palace of Byzantium. | XIV.10 (줄 1324–1325) |
| AD 1345 – 1347 | Constantinople | A public debate before the young emperor: Gregoras refutes point by point Palamas's distinction between divine essence and energy. | part_20.txt L42-52 |
| AD 1345 – 1347 | After the Palamite verdict, opponents in the church are suppressed: the patriarch is exiled and dies violently, and bishops and priests are scattered (no names given; Gregoras's narrative). | part_20.txt L120-170 | |
| AD 1345 – 1347 | Constantinople | The young emperor rules in Gregoras's favor but does not publish the verdict, as Kantakouzenos defers to the Palamite side. | part_20.txt L2707-2711 |
| AD 1345 | Constantinople | A synod is held concerning Palamas (an editor's note; the text does not mention a council). | part_20.txt L2824-2825 (편자 주) |
| AD 1346 – 1347 | Orestias | Matthew occupies the fortress of Orestias and fortifies the town. | part06 줄 28–29 (라틴 대역) |
| AD 1346 – 1347 | Orestias | Empress Irene secretly goes ahead to Orestias to placate her son; Matthew, learning of the ruse, comes to Orestias the next day and greets his mother. | part06 줄 115–117 (라틴 대역) |
| AD 1346 – 1347 | Kantakouzenos calls Gregoras to his own residence (a monastery cell) for reconciliation, but the argument over praising Palamas resumes on the spot. | part_20.txt L3796-3842 | |
| AD 1347 | Constantinople | Emperor Kantakouzenos sends Anna's envoys back, saying he could take the fortress by force but has given up the idea. | XV.8 IX (779) |
| AD 1347 | Constantinople | The next day Kantakouzenos's soldiers and officers secretly storm the fortress; around midday they set fire to the gate by the Blachernae church with missiles and fire. | XV.8 X (779) |
| AD 1347 | Constantinople | Armed bands break in, seize the seaward part of the fortress and plunder residents' property; the emperor sends men to stop the assault. | XV.8 X (779–780) |
| AD 1347 | Constantinople | After a sleepless night, Empress Anna sends envoys at the morning council to ask for reconciliation; she asks no pardon but demands authority, then yields, accepting Kantakouzenos as co-emperor on condition that she ranks first. | XV.8 XI (780) |
| AD 1347 | Didymoteichon | Emperor Kantakouzenos leaves Byzantium after the rising of Arcturus and goes to Didymoteichon, to settle the unrest that Irene had calmed. | part06 줄 607–608 (라틴 대역) |
| AD 1347 | Byzantium | The emperor expels Patriarch John and has him confined under guard in the Byzantium palace. | part06 줄 609–611 (라틴 대역) |
| AD 1347 | Didymoteichon | Kantakouzenos entrusts his son Matthew with part of Thrace (from Didymoteichon west to the outskirts of Christopolis, and from the sea to the town of Xanthi), giving him authority under the emperor. | part06 줄 664–668 (라틴 대역) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Euboea | 34 Venetian warships block the harbor entrance at Euboea and surround and capture Genoese ships as in a net. | Bonn 43–44 (XXV.17–18) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Byzantium | The Venetian fleet commander leaves Euboea and sails for Byzantium, waiting there for the emperor to come. | Bonn 44–45 (XXV.17–19) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Oreum | At the harbor of Oreos the Venetian commander ties the abandoned ships together and sinks them in the harbor so the enemy cannot seize them. | Bonn 47 (XXV.21–22) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Oreum | The Genoese fleet surrounds and attacks Oreos; the Venetians send men to defend the fortress (requesting 300 Latin cavalry from Athens and Thebes). | Bonn 48–49 (XXV.21–22) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Oreum | About 5,000 Venetian elite troops attack after a night ambush and drive off the Genoese; the text gives 500 dead on the enemy side. | Bonn 50–51 (XXV.23–24) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Galata | Venice blockades the Galata fort by land and sea (the text calls it an event of "last year"); the emperor offers to withdraw on condition the walls be destroyed, but the Genoese refuse. | Bonn 76–77 (XXVI.10–19) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Corcyra and Zacynthus (plural cities) | More than 100 Venetian ships pass through the Ionian Sea and recruit mercenaries at Corcyra, Zakynthos and elsewhere. | Bonn 77–78 (XXVI.10–19) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Tenedos | A Genoese fleet of 60 ships leaves Chios, passes the mouth of the Hellespont and anchors at Tenedos. | Bonn 78–79 (XXVI.10–19) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Perinthus (Heraclea) | After the people of Heraclea kill Latin sailors in a surprise attack, the Latins take the town in two hours and enslave its people; Heraclea is utterly destroyed. | Bonn 79–80 (XXVI.12–14) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Sozopolis | Genoa sends 10 warships and, after two days of fighting, takes Sozopolis, a wealthy Roman city on the Black Sea coast. | Bonn 83–84 (XXVI.15–18) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Creta | A Venetian fleet of 70 ships and 30 Catalan ships arrive intact at Crete in mid-autumn and stay several days to resupply. | Bonn 85–86 (XXVI.15–19) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Sestus | After leaving Crete a storm scatters the fleet; some are driven toward Euboea and the Cyclades and many sink; the rest reach Sestos on the Hellespont via Tenedos. | Bonn 86–87 (XXVI.15–19) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Therapia (Bosporus) | Venetians and Genoese fight a naval battle in the Bosporus near the harbor entrance of Byzantium; the Genoese lose 22 ships and the Venetians 18. | Bonn 87–88 (XXVI.19–21) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Byzantium | More than 18,000 Venetian naval men gather at Byzantium, food prices double, and the Venetian command is pressed by shortages of supplies. | Bonn 99 (XXVI.94–96) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Raedesti (Raidestos) | The emperor's son-in-law (son of Komes) ambushes an imperial embassy near Raidestos, seizes the gifts and kills some of the envoys. | Bonn 100–101 (XXVI.33–35) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Orestias | Empress Irene sets out for Orestias and Didymoteichon to prevent a clash between her sons. | Bonn 97–98 (XXVI.30–31) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Byzantium | The author Gregoras is under severe oppression during his confinement (a retrospective passage). | Bonn 121 (XXVII.1–3) |
| AD 1347 – 1354 | Venetia | The Venetian fleet commander leaves the peace terms to the emperor and returns to Venice, promising "I'll soon be back". | Bonn 145 (XXVII.9–14) |
| AD 1348 | Byzantium | Palamas is summoned from Didymoteichon and hurries to Byzantium; the doctrinal dispute begins. | part06 줄 1613 (라틴 대역) |
| AD 1348 | Didymoteichon | Kantakouzenos leaves Byzantium in mid-spring and reaches Didymoteichon seven days later, to gather Thracian forces and summon Umur and the forces of Asia. | part06 줄 1912–1915 (라틴 대역) |
| AD 1348 | Smyrna | Umur musters large infantry and cavalry forces in Asia, intending to capture and raze the fortress the Latins hold at Smyrna before crossing to Thrace and Macedonia. | part06 줄 1915–1918 (라틴 대역) |
| AD 1348 | Smyrna | The Latins sally out of the fortress and fight; Umur is mortally wounded and dies on the spot. | part06 줄 1963–1965 (라틴 대역) |
| AD 1348 | Just after the solstice, swarms of Persians gathered from many places cross from Asia into Thrace. | part06 줄 1978–1979 (라틴 대역) | |
| AD 1348 | Bizye | About 1,200 horsemen loose the reins and ravage the farmland around the fortress of Bizye; the infantry invade toward the west, Mount Rhodope and Chalcidice. | part06 줄 2031–2034 (라틴 대역) |
| AD 1348 | Chalcidice | Matthew, at Gratianopolis, gathers his forces and meets the Persian infantry at midday; he falls from his horse, gets another and wins, and the Persian infantry is nearly annihilated. | part06 줄 2098–2099, 2204–2205 (라틴 대역) |
| AD 1348 | Orestias | Kantakouzenos swiftly pursues from Orestias with 1,000 horsemen; he cuts down 300 who stood bravely among the scattered bands carrying plunder, and the rest scatter and flee. | part06 줄 2205–2211 (라틴 대역) |
| AD 1348 | Byzantium | The Latin Galatians make war on Byzantium without clear cause; the text explains it as fear that Byzantium's shipping and revenues would grow. | part06 줄 2312–2313 (라틴 대역) |
| AD 1348 | Byzantium | For four days the Latins set fire to the whole Byzantine shoreline, burning ships at sea, ships hauled ashore and a trireme under construction. | part06 줄 2655–2661 (라틴 대역) |
| AD 1348 | Galata | The Latins push their wall outward to widen it and fortify it with stakes, palisades and moats, working day and night. | part06 줄 2743–2750 (라틴 대역) |
| AD 1348 – 1349 | Constantinople | The Latins try to raise gangways and poles on several large ships over the sea wall of Constantinople; the defenders repel them with stones and arrows. | XVII.3 p.852–853 · part07 줄 17 |
| AD 1348 | Constantinople | The emperor gathers the citizens and rebukes them for the lack of funds and for earlier broken promises; the citizens promise to pay for a fleet. | XVII.4 p.854–856 · part07 줄 197 |
| AD 1349 | Constantinople | Byzantine sailors attack and burn a large Latin transport ship; the flames leap over the sea all night. | XVII.5 p.859–860 · part07 줄 487 |
| AD 1349 | Constantinople | The Latin fleet surrounds and attacks the Byzantine fleet; ships capsize and many soldiers drown. | XVII.6 p.862–863 · part07 줄 690 |
| AD 1349 | Galata | The Latin fleet commander ties the empty Byzantine ships together with ropes and tows them back to the Latin base (Galata). | XVII.6 p.864 · part07 줄 765 |
| AD 1349 | Galata | About 3,000 Byzantine reinforcements who came to attack the Galata fort throw away their weapons and flee, catching their breath only after crossing the river. | XVII.7 p.865–866 · part07 줄 884 |
| AD 1349 | Galata | Genoese envoys arrive at Galata and offer the return of seized land, compensation of over 100,000 and an oath not to repeat the act; Byzantium accepts a humiliating peace. | XVII.7 p.867 · part07 줄 946 |
| AD 1350 | Constantinople | Patriarch Isidore dies after a long bout of diarrhea. | XVIII.1 p.871 · part07 줄 1203 |
| AD 1350 | Constantinople | The Palamites summon the Athonite monk Kallistos and install him as the successor patriarch. | XVIII.1 p.871–872 · part07 줄 1212 |
| AD 1350 | Constantinople | The emperor and empress try to win over Gregoras with wealth and rank, but Gregoras refuses and states his opposition. | XVIII.1 p.873–874 · part07 줄 1277 |
| AD 1350 | Thessalonica | Kantakouzenos leaves Constantinople with a fleet, taking his son-in-law Palaiologos to Thessalonica to install him as its ruler. | XVIII.2 p.877 · part07 줄 1545 |
| AD 1350 | Galata | 33 Venetian triremes arrive at Constantinople to attack the Genoese fort of Galata. | XVIII.2 p.877 · part07 줄 1546 |
| AD 1350 – 1351 | Aulis | Venetian triremes capture 10 of 14 Genoese ships trapped in the gulf near Aulis and Oreos in Euboea, with their crews. | XVIII.2 p.878 · part07 줄 1618 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | In spring, 14 Venetian triremes reach the harbor of Byzantium; the Venetian-Catalan-Byzantine alliance seizes Genoese merchant ships at the mouth of the Black Sea. | XVIII.3 p.880 · part07 줄 1733 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | Kantakouzenos plans to convene a council with only 22 bishops of Thrace. | XVIII.3 p.883 · part07 줄 1896 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | Before the council, Gregoras decides to take the monastic habit and cut off his visits to the court. | XVIII.5 p.891–892 · part07 줄 2363 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | On council day the Orthodox party enters the palace but is made to wait at the court entrance, while the Palamites dine inside. | XVIII.6 p.897 · part07 줄 2645 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | Kantakouzenos swears an ambiguous oath and, as Gregoras's side keeps speaking, cuts them off and threatens them into silence. | XVIII.6 p.899–900 · part07 줄 2840 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | The day (27 May) on which Emperor Kantakouzenos summons Gregoras to the council by imperial edict. | 줄 328-329 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | When the emperor and Palamas try to finish the debate in a day, Gregoras speaks at the council and the emperor cuts him off. | 줄 509-510 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | At the bishops' assembly, a joint vote of emperor, patriarch and bishops proclaims Palamas's doctrine distinguishing essence and energy; Gregoras denounces it as blasphemy. | 줄 2775-2778 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | The bishops and the patriarch rise and begin to lay hands on Gregoras's men. | 줄 2815-2816 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | First session of the palace council in the presence of Emperor Kantakouzenos: Gregoras refutes Palamas's doctrine of the Tabor light, and the emperor's side warns against opposing the emperor's will in the palace. | part_09 원본 1751~1753줄 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | The first session is dismissed, with a new meeting set for three days later. | part_09 원본 1754~1755줄 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | After the session a crowd seeks out Palamas to harm him, and Palamas hides. | part_09 원본 1803~1804줄 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | The next morning Palamas goes to the emperor and vents his anger that Gregoras's side stirred up unrest in the city. | part_09 원본 1915~1915줄 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | Before the third session, Palamas's side tries to win Gregoras over with money and promises. | part_09 원본 2310~2311줄 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | During the session the emperor leaves the chamber and secretly discusses countermeasures with Palamas and the bishops. | part_09 원본 2513~2515줄 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | The emperor threatens confiscation of property and proclaims that anyone who comes to the next session and is caught will be sent to prison. | part_09 원본 2774~2776줄 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | Gregoras rises and leaves the hall, and his companions follow (the emperor orders that they be stopped). | part_09 원본 2781~2782줄 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | Palamas advises the emperor to let them go, and Gregoras's group is allowed to withdraw. | part_09 원본 2787~2787줄 |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | End of the third session of the council: only three of ten items were examined, Palamas was openly defeated on them, yet the session ends. | XXI.2 (Bonn p.1002) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | During the night the high officials plot the next session and hold a public assembly to pass judgment; Gregoras's side is gagged. | XXI.2 (Bonn p.1003) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | Fourth session: when Gregoras begins reading chapter 4, Palamas flies into a rage and an uproar breaks out among the bishops. | XXI.3 (Bonn p.1004) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | Emperor, patriarch and bishops proclaim in a joint decree that divine activity (operatio) is distinct from essence; Gregoras condemns it as blasphemy. | XXI.4 (Bonn p.1010) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | Late at night, after torches are lit, the patriarch and bishops fall on Gregoras's side and lay hands on them. | XXI.4 (Bonn p.1010) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | Two bishops are attacked, their clothes torn, their episcopal insignia taken and their beards pulled out. | XXI.4 (Bonn p.1011) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | Gregoras's disciples are forcibly separated and jailed; the remaining disciples are threatened into breaking with him. | XXI.4 (Bonn p.1012) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | An Antiochene-jurisdiction bishop (of Tyre) is rudely driven out of the council and thereafter breaks with it. | XXI.4 (Bonn p.1012) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | A few days later Gregoras is confined to his house and forbidden to speak, write or hear (an indefinite order of silence). | XXI.4 (Bonn p.1013) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | The emperor, patriarch, bishops and priests all sign a long document (tomos) by hand; supporters sign, opponents merely speak against it or sign anyway, and non-signers are threatened with punishment. | XXI.5 (Bonn p.1025) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | The emperor himself places the tomos on the altar as an offering, at the urging of the Palamites (Gregoras claims soothsayers' dream interpretations moved the emperor). | XXI.6 (Bonn p.1029) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | A few days after the signing of the tomos, Genoese living at Galata burn down mansions outside the walls of Byzantium, prompting citizens to block the harbor gates and dig a moat along the shore outside the walls. | XXI.6 (Bonn p.1031) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | Emperor Kantakouzenos has a moat dug to bring in seawater and surround Byzantium's sea walls, in preparation against the Genoese. | XXI.6 (Bonn p.1032) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | Envoys sent by the emperor and patriarch (senators, nobles, bishops, scholars) come to Gregoras's house demanding he agree to a new tomos and edict and submit Palamas's writings; he refuses and they return empty-handed. | XXII.1 (Bonn p.1038) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | When the envoys ask Palamas to submit written statements (libelli), all refuse together; Palamas says he will not write a repentance in any document. | XXII.1 (Bonn p.1043) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | Palamas, enraged, goes to the emperor and says he would rather die than hand a writing over to Gregoras. | XXII.2 (Bonn p.1044) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | The new edict and verdict are secretly sent to many places to inform people, and contact with Gregoras is forbidden even by ear or eye. | XXII.2 (Bonn p.1044) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | More bolts are added to the door of Gregoras's house, guards are posted front, back and sides, and neighbors are used as watchers. | XXII.2 (Bonn p.1044–1045) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | Gregoras's festal sermon enrages the Palamites, who treat the entire sermon as an object of anger. | Bonn 1143쪽, XXIV.2 §2 (Latin) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | The Palamites warn Gregoras not to defy the emperor's edict. | Bonn 1144쪽, XXIV.2 §III (Latin) |
| AD 1351 | Constantinople | Gregoras is confined again, more strictly: the door is barred and the jailer replaced by a harsher one. | Bonn 1145쪽, XXIV.2 §IV (Latin) |
| AD 1351 – 1352 | Thracia (Thracum urbium regiones) | A passage attesting that Kantakouzenos, with Turkish troops, ravaged Thrace in summer and devastated its cities in winter. | part_19.txt 줄 474–475 |
| AD 1352 | Orestias | His son Matthew lets a barbarian horde in through an open fortress gate, easily taking Orestias and burning some buildings. | part_19.txt 줄 1035 |
| AD 1352 | Didymoteichon | Hyrkanos's forces cross the Hellespont and, catching the Triballian reinforcements coming to Palaiologos's side disarmed near Didymoteichon, kill and capture them and carry horses and wagons as plunder to Asia. | part_19.txt 줄 1144–1145 |
| AD 1353 | Constantinople | While Kantakouzenos is at Orestias, Palaiologos appears at the mouth of Byzantium with 18 ships (single and double banked) and one trireme, threatening the capital. | part_19.txt 줄 1354–1355 |
| AD 1353 | Constantinople | Kantakouzenos's son Matthew is raised on a shield and proclaimed king (at the Roman court). | part_19.txt 줄 1400 |
| AD 1353 | Sardinia | The Venetian fleet (allied with the Catalans) defeats the Genoese fleet in a naval battle off Sardinia; only 40 Genoese ships escape. | part_19.txt 줄 1464 |
| AD 1353 | Genua | Taking advantage of divisions among the Genoese, a neighboring Alpine people enter undefended Genoa and seize part of its walls and fortifications. | part_19.txt 줄 1584–1585 |
| AD 1353 | Constantinople | A few days after Kallistos is expelled, Philotheos Kokkinos, from Perinthos in Heraclea, obtains the patriarchal throne. | part_19.txt 줄 1817 |
| AD 1353 – 1354 | Hellespont | Hyrkanos's son crosses the Hellespont and tries to settle on European land, the beginning of Turkish settlement in Europe. | part_19.txt 줄 1876 |
| AD 1353 – 1355 | Antiochia (전언 출발지); 학살 현장은 팔레스타인·시리아 해안 일대 | The ruler of Egypt and Arabia issues an edict to Christians: convert or youths will be massacred; over 20,000 are killed, and terror spreads from Palestine to the Syrian coast. | part_19.txt 줄 3045–3046 |
| AD 1354 | Constantinople | An earthquake at night shakes the room where the author is confined, bringing down part of the wall and books. | part_19.txt 줄 2464 |
| AD 1354 | Chersonesus Thracica | The earthquake brings down many walls of the Chersonese and the ground opens and swallows people; some inhabitants surrender themselves to the nearby Turks. | part_19.txt 줄 2541 |
| AD 1354 | Chersonesus Thracica | After the earthquake Turkish bands make the inland Chersonese a land fit for horses, plunder it, impose taxes on every town and post commanders. | part_19.txt 줄 2561 |
| AD 1354 | Tenedos | Palaiologos sets out from Thessalonica with a fleet via Lemnos, Samothrace, Imbros and Lesbos, enters the harbor of Tenedos and learns of Kantakouzenos's naval preparations. | part_19.txt 줄 2625 |
| AD 1354 | Tenedos | Kantakouzenos leaves the harbor of Byzantium with 11 ships and reaches Tenedos in 7 days; a sortie by the garrison defeats his landing attack and cuts off his water supply. | part_19.txt 줄 2914–2915 |
| AD 1354 | Constantinople | On a winter midnight Palaiologos slips from Tenedos into the capital in three days, passing the eastern harbor with 2 double-banked ships and 11 single-banked ones. | part_19.txt 줄 3094–3095 |
| AD 1354 | Constantinople | A few days later Kantakouzenos leaves the palace, puts on a monk's habit and takes refuge with his wife Eugenia in the Mangana monastery. | part_19.txt 줄 3146 |
| AD 1354 – 1356 | Mytilene | It is decided to move Matthew to Mytilene on Lesbos and have him watched (the guard being the Catalan Rotimo). | XXXVI p.503–504 |
| AD 1354 – 1356 | Phocaea | Because of the affair of Hyrkanos's son, John VI returns to Phocaea. | XXXVI p.504 |
| AD 1354 – 1356 | Chalcedon | In early spring the king meets Hyrkanos, governor of Bithynia, at Chalcedon to negotiate over his son. | XXXVI p.504 |
| AD 1354 – 1356 | Nicaea | The king orders Hyrkanos's son to hand over the insignia of rule over Bithynia, and the son goes to Nicaea to receive them. | XXXVI p.508 |
| AD 1354 – 1356 | Selymbria | At the start of autumn Manuel Asan of Bizye petitions the king at Selymbria and is pardoned. | XXXVI p.510–511 |
| AD 1354 – 1356 | Serbia | Kralis, ruler of the Triballi (Serbia), dies. | XXXVII p.556–557 |
| AD 1354 – 1356 | Acarnania | Nikephoros Kantakouzenos, count of Cephalonia, goes to the Acarnanians and Aetolians and makes an alliance. | XXXVII p.557 |
| AD 1354 – 1356 | Mysi | Maria, daughter of Alexander, king of the Mysians, comes as fiancee of the young emperor Andronikos. | XXXVII p.557–558 |
| AD 1354 – 1356 | Astacenus sinus | In early summer Hyrkanos's son is captured by pirates and carried off toward Phocaea. | XXXVII p.558–559 |
| AD 1354 – 1356 | Phocaea | The king sails to the harbor of Phocaea with a trireme fleet, besieges it and allies with the ruler of Lydia. | XXXVII p.561–562 |
| AD 1354 – 1356 | Phocaea | The Lydian governor's plot to seize the king is exposed and he is captured aboard the king's ship. | XXXVII p.563 |
| AD 1354 – 1356 | Christoupolis (Kavala) | At midsummer Matthew Kantakouzenos's army, crossing a pass near Christopolis, is defeated by the Triballi and Matthew is taken prisoner. | XXXVII p.564 |
| AD 1354 – 1356 | Abdera | The king goes toward Abdera and sends envoys to the Triballian ruler, receiving Matthew in return for payment. | XXXVII p.564–565 |
| AD 1354 – 1356 | Byzantium | The king secretly returns to Byzantium and visits the queen. | XXXVII p.565 |
| AD 1354 – 1356 | Tenedos | The fleet at Tenedos returns to Byzantium without orders, and the king punishes the commanders. | XXXVII p.566 |
| AD 1359 | Thessalonica | Palamas dies of illness, and his associates spread rumors of miracles at Thessalonica. | XXXVII p.549–551 |
| — | Caphas | The Genoese meet a Scythian (Tatar) chieftain and obtain permission to take land. | XIII.12 (Bonn 685) |
| — | Caphas | The Genoese found a colony at Caffa on the northern shore of the Black Sea. | XIII.12 (Bonn 685) |
| — | Caphas | The Genoese of Caffa at first live behind a mere fence, then build stone walls and expand their land. | XIII.12 (Bonn 685) |
| — | Constantinopolis | Kantakouzenos's side posts ambushers and begins scheming against Gregoras's side. | XXXI.8–11 (Bonn 381) |
| — | Constantinopolis | At dawn the Palamites are summoned to a doctrinal council (synodus dialectica) at the emperor's court, which was arranged in advance against Gregoras. | XXXI (Bonn 390; 쪽머리 OCR '9—?' 판독 불확실) |
| — | Constantinopolis | When Gregoras leaves at dawn, a Palamite crowd follows, twists his words and abuses him in public. | XXXI (Bonn 391; 쪽머리 OCR '98—96' 판독 불확실) |
| — | Palamas institutes the feast of the Transfiguration (Tabor) to defend his doctrine; Gregoras claims he later went blind. | XXXIV.57–61 (Bonn 474; 쪽머리 OCR '577—061' 판독 불확실) | |
| — | The Palamites confront Gregoras with the "book of brigands" (volumen praedonium), and Gregoras refutes it. | XXXIV (Bonn 470–471; 쪽머리 판독 불확실) |