Livy, History of Rome (Ab Urbe Condita)

Livy, History of Rome (Ab Urbe Condita): a Standard history source. Covers 750 BC – 167 BC, with 300 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.

Type	Standard history
Viewpoint	Insider account
Years covered	750 BC – 167 BC
Events	300 events, 260 placed on the map
Author	Titus Livius
Original title	Ab Urbe Condita

Regions: Southern Europe 242 · West Asia 15 · Egypt & North Africa 11 · Western Europe 2

Events

Year	Place	Event	Passage
750 BC – 740 BC	Rome	Romulus hangs the arms taken from the enemy leader on an oak sacred to the shepherds and marks out the site of the temple of Jupiter Tradition	1.10
750 BC – 740 BC	Antemnae	At the first shout and charge the enemy collapses and the city (Antemnae) is taken Tradition	1.11
749 BC – 745 BC	Rome	During the battle with the Sabines in Rome, a cry rings out in Jupiter's name to halt the line and renew the fight Fiction	1.12
670 BC – 650 BC	Alba Longa	The ritual in which the fetial asks King Tullus whether he orders him to make a treaty with the representative of the Alban people (before the duel of the Horatii and Curiatii) Tradition	1.24
670 BC – 650 BC	Alba Longa	Horatius has already felled the last Curiatius, while the Alban army shouts for him to help his brothers Fiction	1.25
665 BC – 650 BC	Alba Longa	When the Roman army entered the gates of Alba Longa, there was none of the uproar and terror of a captured city Tradition	1.29
640 BC – 620 BC	Politorium	Ancus mobilizes the whole army, wins a pitched battle, and returns with vast spoils; thousands of Latins are incorporated into Rome Tradition	1.33
610 BC – 600 BC	Collatia	Procedure for the surrender of Collatia: the ritual in which the king asks the envoys whether they are handing over the city Tradition	1.38
530 BC – 515 BC	Gabii	Failing to take Gabii either by assault or by siege (after a defeat beneath its walls), he resorts to a stratagem Tradition	1.53
510 BC	Collatia	Sextus, unmoved by threats of death, forces Lucretia to yield by threatening her with disgrace (the beginning of the fall of the monarchy) Fiction	1.58
509 BC	Rome	Two consuls are elected in the comitia centuriata; Tarquinius, finding the gates closed, cannot enter and exile is decreed, while the king's sons are driven from the camp Tradition	1.60
509 BC		The Roman and Etruscan armies (Veii and Tarquinii) are evenly matched, and both armies win on the right wing and lose on the left Pending	2.6
509 BC		After the battle Tarquinius and the Etruscans fall into panic, and the armies of Veii and Tarquinii withdraw at night Pending	2.7
508 BC	Rome	During Porsenna's blockade of Rome, Mucius, thinking it a disgrace for a free Rome to be besieged, takes action Fiction	2.12
508 BC	Janiculum	Porsenna, amazed at Mucius's courage, changes his mind and inclines toward a treaty (siege of the Janiculum) Tradition	2.13
506 BC	Aricia	When the Etruscans make a surprise attack on Aricia, Aricia takes heart from relief forces from the Latin cities and Cumae Pending	2.14
503 BC	Pometia	The siege engines (vineae) are burned and many besiegers are killed or wounded, and one consul nearly dies Pending	2.17
501 BC	Rome	When a dictator is appointed in Rome for the first time, citizens who see the axe-bearing escort are greatly afraid and obey commands more readily Pending	2.18
496 BC	Lake Regillus	The dictator, seeking the gods' help, vows a temple to Castor during the battle and promises rewards to the first to charge Tradition	2.20
495 BC	Pometia	The legions march on Suessa Pometia, take it in a few days, and allow the soldiers to plunder Pending	2.25
494 BC	Sacred Mount	The Senate orders the legions marched out of the city on the pretext of renewed war with the Aequi (the secession of the plebs) Pending	2.32
493 BC	Corioli	During the siege of Corioli the Roman army, absorbed only by those inside the city, ... Pending	2.33
491 BC – 488 BC	Circeii	Coriolanus (with the Volscians) attacks Circeii, drives out the Roman colonists, and hands the city to the Volscians as a free city Tradition	2.39
488 BC	Rome	Veturia and Volumnia appeal to Coriolanus, and a dispute over command of the allied forces arises as the Aequi no longer accept Attius Tullus's leadership Fiction	2.40
479 BC		Caeso leads the army across into the territory of the Aequi and plunders it Pending	2.48
476 BC	Janiculum	The Etruscans cross the Tiber at night and attack Servilius's camp but are badly beaten and barely reach the Janiculum Pending	2.51
468 BC	Antium	After several days' siege Antium surrenders — owing less to any special effort of the besiegers than to earlier defeats and loss of troops Pending	2.65
466 BC	Algidus	The consul Fabius says that, just as he once brought peace from the Aequi, so now with the same right hand he brings war to the Aequi Fiction	3.2
463 BC	Rome	Rome, afflicted by plague through the gods' anger, answers the allies' appeal for help by saying it will help if things improve Fiction	3.6
460 BC	Rome	Herdonius seizes the Capitol, crying freedom to the slaves Pending	3.15
460 BC	Rome	Together with the Tusculan legion, he climbs the Capitoline in good order and confronts the occupiers Pending	3.18
459 BC	Tusculum	The Aequi take the citadel of Tusculum in a night attack with their elite troops in front, keeping the rest in reserve Pending	3.23
458 BC	Rome	Before dawn the dictator (Cincinnatus) names a master of the horse in the forum Pending	3.27
458 BC	Algidus	While the Aequi were preparing so as not to be besieged, the besieged side began the fighting first Pending	3.28
454 BC	Athens	Envoys are sent to Athens to copy Solon's laws and to study the institutions, customs and laws of other Greek states Tradition	3.31
451 BC	Rome	Three commissioners who had been to Athens are seated as a reward for the long embassy — on the ground that they were familiar with Greek law Tradition	3.33
449 BC	Algidus	One army is defeated by the Sabines at Eretum, another by the Aequi at Algidus Pending	3.42
449 BC	Sacred Mount	The army leaves the Aventine, goes out along the Nomentan (former Ficulnean) road, and camps on the Sacred Mount, imitating the restraint of their ancestors Pending	3.52
444 BC	Rome	In the 310th year after the founding of Rome (444 BC) the system of military tribunes with consular power is introduced Pending	4.7
442 BC	Ardea	Envoys from Ardea appeal for relief for their nearly destroyed city, citing their old alliance and a newly renewed treaty Tradition	4.9
439 BC	Rome	The argument that Cincinnatus should be named dictator — the response to the Maelius affair Pending	4.13
437 BC	Fidenae	Cossus kills the king of Veii and, with his head on a spear, throws the enemy into panic and routs them Tradition	4.19
435 BC	Fidenae	The Etruscan army is driven into Fidenae and the dictator builds siege works Tradition	4.22
431 BC		When the dictator tears down the palisade and carries the fight into the enemy camp, the enemy throw down their arms and surrender Tradition	4.29
426 BC	Fidenae	The dictator calls on the master of the horse and the cavalry to encourage the left wing (battle of Fidenae) Tradition	4.33
426 BC	Fidenae	The slaughter inside Fidenae is greater than in the battle, and at last they throw down their arms and surrender, begging for their lives Tradition	4.34
421 BC	Cumae	Cumae, then held by Greeks, is taken by the Campanians	4.44
418 BC	Labici	The dictator gives the soldiers the spoils of the captured enemy camp Pending	4.47
405 BC	Veii	The motion declaring war on Veii passes, and the military tribunes march out with an army composed mainly of volunteers	4.60
405 BC	Veii	Soon after the siege of Veii began, a national council of Etruria met at the shrine of Voltumna but reached no decision Tradition	4.61
396 BC	Veii	The dictator, once preparations are complete, makes the vow (the temple of Juno) for the capture of Veii in accordance with the Senate's decree Tradition	5.19
396 BC	Veii	The dictator orders the soldiers to arm and prays that, in the name of Pythian Apollo, he is going to destroy Veii Tradition	5.21
396 BC	Veii	The statue of Juno is moved safely to the Aventine (her eternal abode), and Camillus later dedicates the temple Fiction	5.22
394 BC	Falerii	The enemy hindering the siege works is beaten and the Faliscans scatter in panic Tradition	5.26
394 BC	Falerii	Rome's good faith and its commander's sense of justice are praised in the forum and the Senate, and envoys are accordingly sent to Falerii Tradition	5.27
391 BC	Clusium	Drawn by wine and fruit, the Gauls cross the Alps and occupy land near Etruria Tradition	5.33
391 BC	Ticinus	The Gauls who crossed the Alps defeat the Etruscan army near the Ticinus Tradition	5.34
390 BC	Allia	At the shout from the flank the reserves and the rest of the army flee at once, the Roman army collapses and scatters toward Veii and Rome	5.38
390 BC	Rome	As the Gauls in the city set about destroying it, not all were filled with that zeal Tradition	5.42
390 BC	Rome	The Gauls took the open parts of the city, but a small garrison repelled them from the citadel and the Capitol Tradition	5.44
390 BC	Ardea	The law recalling Camillus from exile and appointing him dictator passes in the comitia curiata (before he leaves Ardea) Tradition	5.46
390 BC	Rome	The worst evil of the siege and war was the famine that struck both sides, and plague also spread among the Gauls Tradition	5.48
390 BC	Rome	Camillus, having recovered his country from the enemy, returns to the city like a triumphing dictator as the soldiers hurl jokes at him Fiction	5.49
389 BC		Camillus, having conquered the Volsci, marches against the Aequi, surprises them at Bola, and takes their camp on the first charge	6.2
389 BC	Sutrium	Under the siege of Sutrium the few defenders, worn out by toil and sleeplessness, could hold out no longer	6.3
386 BC	Nepete	After retaking Sutrium the army marches on Nepete, which had gone over to the Etruscans	6.9
386 BC	Nepete	The people of Nepete kept the terms of surrender more faithfully than their alliance with Rome, and gathered bundles of brushwood to fill the ditch	6.10
382 BC	Praeneste	By decree of the Senate and the people, war is declared on Praeneste, and Praeneste, joined with the Volsci, storms ... the next year	6.22
380 BC	Praeneste	Having taken two camps and nine enemy towns and received the surrender of Praeneste, he returns	6.29
377 BC	Satricum	Three armies are levied against the Latins and Volsci who have joined and camped at Satricum	6.32
367 BC	Anio	Thousands of Gallic barbarians die in the battle and still more when the camp is taken	6.42
361 BC	Ferentinum	The Roman army took the Hernican town of Ferentinum, but on the way back Tibur shut its gates	7.9
361 BC	Anio	The young Manlius leaves his post and asks to fight the Gaul, saying he will not fight without the dictator's order	7.10
360 BC	Tibur	The dictator leaves the consular army to check Tibur and has all the young men swear the military oath	7.11
359 BC	Rome	The army of Tibur marches on the city of Rome at the quiet dead of night	7.12
356 BC	Rome	Marcius Rutilus is named the first plebeian dictator	7.17
346 BC	Satricum	The 4,000 who surrendered are led in chains in the consul's triumphal procession, then sold for a large sum	7.27
343 BC	Capua	In the second battle the Campanian army is beaten and driven back inside its walls	7.29
343 BC	Capua	Rome resolves to send envoys to the Samnites on the point of honor that those who surrendered cannot be abandoned	7.31
343 BC	Mount Gaurus	The fighting lasted long and there was great slaughter around the Samnite standards, yet nowhere did they flee	7.33
343 BC	Saticula	Cornelius is trapped in a defile and Decius proposes taking a detachment and seizing the high ground	7.34
343 BC	Suessula	The Samnites flee in haste, abandoning more than 40,000 shields	7.37
341 BC	Privernum	The consul marches to Privernum, engages at once, and defeats the enemy without much difficulty	8.1
340 BC	Vesuvius	The battle against the Latins was like a civil war, since apart from courage they differed in nothing from the Romans	8.8
340 BC	Vesuvius	Decius says it is well if his colleague has obtained favorable omens, and goes into battle in the prescribed formation	8.9
340 BC	Vesuvius	After the battle the Latin camp is taken, and many die, chiefly Campanians	8.10
338 BC	Pedum	During the battle a sortie by the townspeople is repulsed and Pedum is taken by assault	8.13
334 BC	Cales	The Ausonians are surprised while asleep, drunk on wine and feasting, and the city is taken whole	8.16
332 BC	Paestum	When Alexander of Epirus lands near Paestum, the Samnites and Lucanians unite but are beaten in a pitched battle	8.17
329 BC	Privernum	Traditions differ on whether Privernum fell by assault and Vitruvius was captured, or whether he surrendered with the herald's staff in hand	8.20
327 BC	Palaepolis	Charilaus of Palaepolis comes to Publilius Philo and reveals that he will hand over the walls (the defenses)	8.25
326 BC	Palaepolis	Nympius persuades the Samnite commander to take advantage of the moment when Rome's forces are divided between Palaepolis and Samnium	8.26
324 BC		When the army had fully recovered it engaged and completely defeated and routed the Samnites	8.36
321 BC	Caudine Forks	The Samnites send ten soldiers disguised as shepherds to Calatia to lure the Roman consul	9.2
321 BC	Caudine Forks	The Roman camp, after countless breakout attempts failed and in extreme want, sends envoys to surrender	9.4
321 BC	Caudine Forks	The consuls had to pass under the yoke first, nearly half-naked	9.6
320 BC	Luceria	The Samnites encamped before Luceria gather their whole army when the besieged can hold out no longer	9.13
320 BC	Luceria	As Papirius presses the siege, all supply routes are cut and the Samnites' position becomes difficult	9.15
316 BC	Saticula	He chose a position where the dictator could not easily be encircled even if both camps were attacked, and kept the soldiers calm	9.21
315 BC	Saticula	The dictator, judging that the fall of Saticula would change the character of the war, pressed the siege harder	9.22
314 BC	Sora	Sora had already fallen by dawn when the consul appeared, and he accepted the surrender of those who survived the night massacre	9.24
313 BC	Fregellae	On news that the Samnites had taken the fortress of Fregellae, he lifted the siege of Bovianum and turned back to Fregellae	9.28
310 BC	Sutrium	While this was going on in Rome, the Etruscan army continued the siege of Sutrium	9.35
310 BC	Ciminian Forest	Pursuing the routed enemy, the Romans plundered widely and returned to camp laden with booty	9.36
310 BC	Pompeii	The fleet commander Cornelius leads the Roman fleet to Campania and anchors at Pompeii	9.38
310 BC	Lake Vadimo	Amid the successes in Etruria, the Umbrian army failed to maintain its initial vigor in battle	9.39
307 BC	Allifae	At early dawn the next day the Samnites offered to surrender; it was accepted on condition that each be sent away with a single garment	9.42
306 BC		Breaking through the enemy center he advanced into the empty camp and burned it; Marcius's army took heart on seeing the flames	9.43
302 BC	Thuriae	The fleet of Cleonymus of Sparta comes to the Italian coast and takes Thuriae in the Salentine region	10.2
302 BC		The dictator takes the field and defeats the Marsi in a single battle	10.3
298 BC	Carseoli	A colony is founded at Carseoli in the land of the Aequiculi	10.13
297 BC	Maleventum	He drew them into battle and defeated them, with more fugitives than dead (about 2,000 killed)	10.15
296 BC		Volumnius himself attacks one gate while Appius urges on his soldiers, repeatedly invoking Bellona the Victorious	10.19
295 BC	Sentinum	The two armies were so evenly matched that, had Etruria and Umbria joined in, Rome would have lost	10.27
295 BC	Sentinum	Decius vows to spread death on the enemy's standards and arms, and that the place of his own death will also be the place of death for the Gauls and Samnites	10.28
295 BC	Rome	Fabius leaves Etruria to Decius's army, brings the legions back to Rome, and celebrates a triumph over the Gauls, Etruscans and Samnites	10.30
295 BC	Perusia	When the consul withdrew his army Perusia turned hostile again, and the Samnites plundered Vescia and Formiae	10.31
294 BC	Luceria	The battle swayed back and forth without a result, until finally the Romans, unused to defeat, came off worse	10.35
294 BC	Luceria	The consul, raising his hands, vows aloud to build a temple of Jupiter Stator if the Romans hold firm	10.36
294 BC		Traditions about Postumius differ: according to Claudius, after taking Samnite towns he was defeated in Apulia and wounded	10.37
293 BC	Aquilonia	The Samnite commanders made the men swear in the most terrible words and took their oath to go into battle	10.38
293 BC	Amiternum	While the Samnites were absorbed in superstitious rites and secret plans, Carvilius took Amiternum by assault	10.39
293 BC	Aquilonia	The infantry who survived the battle fled to the camp or to Aquilonia, the nobles and cavalry to Bovianum	10.41
293 BC	Cominium	The two consuls agree to hand the captured towns over to the soldiers for plunder	10.44
219 BC	Saguntum	While this was going on in Rome, the siege of Saguntum was pressed with every effort	21.7
219 BC	Saguntum	Armed columns enter the city through the gap in the fallen wall	21.11
219 BC	Saguntum	Alco, unknown to the Saguntines, crosses over to Hannibal at night to try negotiating	21.12
218 BC	Carthage	Told to stop the dispute over Saguntum and the Ebro, the Roman envoy gathers up the fold of his toga and declares that he brings war	21.18
218 BC	Iliberri	So that his army would not grow slack, Hannibal crosses the Pyrenees and camps at an Iliberri town	21.24
218 BC	Rhone	Hannibal does not go straight to the Alps but turns left toward the Tricastini	21.31
218 BC	Rhone	Scipio arrived in battle order at the empty enemy camp, ready to engage at once	21.32
218 BC	Ticinus	When the bridge was finished the Romans crossed in the territory of the Insubres and camped five miles from Hannibal's camp	21.45
218 BC	Trebia	Sempronius sends out all his cavalry against the Numidian attack	21.54
218 BC	Trebia	Some of the fugitives, making for the river, were swept away by the current or captured while hesitating	21.56
218 BC	Cissa	Before learning exactly of the defeat, Hasdrubal crosses the Ebro with 8,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry to meet the Romans landing	21.61
217 BC	Ariminum	Flaminius takes up the consulship at Ariminum rather than in Rome	21.63
217 BC	Arretium	Hannibal, leaving the Roman camp on his left, advances toward Faesulae and ravages central Etruria	22.3
217 BC	Lake Trasimene	The soldiers, mingled together by chance, took whatever place courage led them to, in front or behind, and threw themselves into the fight	22.5
217 BC		The Roman cavalry sent into Umbria on news of Trasimene is surrounded and captured by Hannibal	22.8
217 BC	Tibur	The dictator takes over the consular army from Fulvius Flaccus and marches through Sabine territory to Tibur	22.12
217 BC	Telesia	Hannibal crosses from Hirpinia to Samnium, ravages the land of Beneventum, and takes the city of Telesia	22.13
217 BC	Volturnus	Hannibal camps at the Volturnus while Campania burns, and Fabius continues his march	22.14
217 BC		Hannibal leads his whole army through the pass and camps in the territory of Allifae	22.17
217 BC	Onusa	The Roman fleet lands at Onusa, takes and plunders the town, then sails on to New Carthage	22.20
217 BC	Saguntum	While Carthage is tied down by the Celtiberian war, the Scipio brothers cross the Ebro and march straight to Saguntum	22.22
217 BC		Some authors report that the two armies met in regular formation and the Carthaginians fled at the first clash (traditions disagree)	22.24
216 BC	Cannae	The consuls follow the Carthaginians, scouting the road, reach Cannae, see the enemy, and pitch two camps	22.44
216 BC	Cannae	When the shout went up the auxiliaries rushed out and the fighting began with the light infantry	22.47
216 BC	Cannae	Lentulus implores the consul not to make the battle more ill-omened by adding his own death	22.49
216 BC	Cannae	The battle of Cannae was as famous as the defeat at the Allia, but because of the enemy's inaction the outcome was less serious	22.50
216 BC	Cannae	After Hannibal forced the small camp to surrender, the wounded and the frightened in the large camp also handed over their camp to the enemy on the same terms	22.52
216 BC	Rome	Reports said both consuls and both consular armies were gone, and Rome was stunned	22.54
216 BC	Compsa	Right after the victory at Cannae and the plundering of the Roman camp, Hannibal leaves Apulia and moves to Samnium	23.1
216 BC	Capua	At Capua the pro-Roman Decius Magius is denounced as no friend of Carthage and unworthy of the name of Campanian	23.10
216 BC	Neapolis	As the Roman praetor approaches, Hannibal is alarmed, leaves the territory, and goes down to the coast near Neapolis	23.15
216 BC	Nola	The battle of Nola is judged one of the engagements whose outcome mattered most in the whole war	23.16
216 BC	Acerrae	After plundering and burning Acerrae, Hannibal heads for Casilinum on news that the dictator is marching on Capua	23.17
215 BC	Petelia	Petelia in Bruttium falls after a siege of several months to Hannibal's lieutenant Himilco	23.30
215 BC		Hannibal concludes a treaty of friendship with Philip: on condition that the king invade Italy with a fleet	23.33
215 BC	Cumae	At the Campanians' entreaty Hannibal returns to Cumae with siege equipment and thoroughly devastates the neighborhood	23.36
215 BC	Sardinia	Hostus, with youthful rashness, engaged and was routed, and 3,000 Sardinians were killed	23.40
215 BC	Nola	At the cheering shouts of the people of Nola, Roman morale rises and the enemy withdraw from all sides	23.46
215 BC	Croton	Hannibal persuades the people of Croton to surrender on condition that they accept Bruttian colonists	24.3
214 BC	Beneventum	Gracchus entered Beneventum first, and on news that Hanno had camped on the bank of the Calor and was plundering, left the city and pitched camp	24.14
214 BC	Nola	After ravaging the territory of Neapolis, Hannibal moves his camp to Nola	24.17
214 BC	Casilinum	Fabius camps near Casilinum, held by 2,000 Campanians and 700 of Hannibal's troops	24.19
214 BC	Syracuse	Syracusan envoys sent by Appius come to Marcellus and explain the terms of peace	24.27
214 BC	Oricum	Laevinus lands his troops at Oricum, sends the ships back, and marches away from the river to avoid the king's army	24.40
214 BC		Most of the spoils belonged to the Gauls, and two Gallic chiefs were killed (battle of Munda)	24.42
213 BC	Syracuse	Learning the facts, the Romans withdrew their camp from Leontini and marched to Syracuse	24.33
213 BC	Megara Hyblaea	Helorum and Herbessus surrender and Megara, taken by storm and plundered, is utterly destroyed, spreading terror in Syracuse	24.35
213 BC	Syracuse	55 Carthaginian warships enter the Great Harbor of Syracuse, and 30 Roman warships also land	24.36
212 BC	Tarentum	A rumor that a few Numidian horsemen were plundering the fields spread through Tarentum at that very time	25.9
212 BC	Tarentum	Tarentum, cut off from supply by sea, was in a position where the besiegers were more likely to starve	25.11
212 BC	Beneventum	More than 10,000 of the enemy died and 7,000 were taken prisoner, and all the wagons and cattle were captured	25.14
212 BC	Herdonea	After completing the deployment during the night, he marched out to battle at dawn (Herdonea)	25.21
212 BC	Syracuse	Before advancing on Achradina, Marcellus resolved to ... (the Epipolae and Hexapylon area)	25.24
212 BC	Syracuse	On news of the capture of Nasos, of a district of Achradina, and of Moericus's defection, Marcellus had the retreat sounded	25.30
211 BC		News arrives that Hasdrubal has crossed the Ebro, and the new commander's signal for battle is raised	25.37
211 BC	Capua	Fulvius and Claudius, keeping their commands, were ordered to continue the siege until Capua fell	26.1
211 BC	Capua	This was the last battle before Capua surrendered	26.6
211 BC	Rome	Fulvius Flaccus passes through the Capena gate, crosses the city, and camps outside the Colline gate	26.10
211 BC	Anio	The next day Hannibal crossed the Anio and went into battle with his whole army	26.11
211 BC	Capua	Most measures, including the executions of Capuans, were carried out on Fulvius's sole orders	26.16
210 BC	Emporiae	From the mouth of the Tiber Scipio sails with 30 quinqueremes along the Etruscan coast, across the Gulf of Gaul, to Spain	26.19
210 BC	Anticyra	Anticyra surrendered and was handed over to the Aetolians, with the spoils going to Rome as the treaty provided	26.26
210 BC	Agrigentum	In a short time 20 cities secretly surrendered, 6 fell by storm, and 40 surrendered on terms	26.40
209 BC	Carthago Nova	Until the citadel surrendered, every adult male encountered in the town was massacred	26.46
209 BC	Carthago Nova	In the harbor 63 transports were captured with grain, weapons, bronze and more	26.47
209 BC	Tarentum	When Tarentum fell, Hannibal said that Rome too has its Hannibal and that we lost it by the same trick	27.16
208 BC	Baecula	On seeing the Roman line, Hasdrubal sends Numidian cavalry and Balearic and African light infantry out onto the low ground	27.18
208 BC	Tagus	Hasdrubal takes his war funds and sends the elephants ahead, then gathers the survivors and marches toward the Tagus	27.19
208 BC	Venusia	Forty-three cavalrymen died in the battle and pursuit and eighteen were taken prisoner	27.27
208 BC	Salapia	Because of the unexpected surprise attack the fight was for a time even, and panic arose when the Numidians arrived (Salapia)	27.28
208 BC	Sicyon	Sulpicius's fleet anchors between Sicyon and Corinth and plunders their fertile land	27.31
207 BC	Grumentum	Hannibal, hurrying to withdraw, sent out his whole army in battle formation	27.41
207 BC	Placentia	Hasdrubal lifts the siege of Placentia and sends six Gallic and Numidian horsemen to Hannibal	27.43
207 BC	Metaurus	At Metaurus the enemy already stood in battle formation before the camp, and Hasdrubal, seeing worn shields and thin horses, suspected Roman reinforcements, which delayed the battle	27.47
207 BC	Metaurus	At the battle of the Metaurus Hasdrubal was killed and 56,000 to 57,000 of the enemy died; more than 4,000 Roman citizens held by the enemy were restored, partly consoling the losses	27.49
207 BC	Rome	A remark that although one consul rode in a chariot, the true triumph belonged to the other consul (Nero), who rode on horseback	28.9

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Text license and provenance

원문·영역(Canon Roberts): Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) — 대목 나누기·정리: 이 프로젝트

CC-BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus) / PD 번역(1929 이전) / Perseus 편집 CC-BY-SA 4.0

https://github.com/PerseusDL (Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University)

Other sources of the same era

Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (2879 BC – AD 1789)
Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Annals (2600 BC – 97 BC)
Plutarch's Parallel Lives (1260 BC – 30 BC)
Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) (1122 BC – AD 936)
Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan) (666 BC – AD 692)
Mahavamsa (Great Chronicle of Sri Lanka) (592 BC – AD 290)
Manetho's Aegyptiaca (fragments) (3100 BC – 332 BC)
Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War (1184 BC – 411 BC)
Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) (403 BC – AD 959)
Diodorus Siculus, Library of History (480 BC – 301 BC)
Herodotus, Histories (631 BC – 479 BC)
Polybius, Histories (264 BC – 146 BC)

Show on the map — open Livy, History of Rome (Ab Urbe Condita)