History of George Pachymeres

History of George Pachymeres: a Standard history source. Covers AD 1255 – 1308, with 164 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.

TypeStandard history
ViewpointInsider account
Years coveredAD 1255 – 1308
Events164 events, 61 placed on the map

Regions: Southern Europe 110 · West Asia 50 · Western Europe 2

Events

YearPlaceEventPassage
AD 1255 – 1308MysiaA passage about gathering plunder in the land of Mysia. From this line alone it is unclear who did it (possibly linked to Muzalon's Muzalonum estate).L1243-L1244
AD 1255 – 1308ConstantinopolisA plan to besiege and seize Constantinople; if successful, he would be proclaimed Roman emperor there. The agent cannot be confirmed from the context of this line.L2488-L2489
AD 1255 – 1308urbs (콘스탄티노폴리스 추정)Soldiers did not waver when a proposal was made to attack the city held by the Latins.L2578-L2579
AD 1255 – 1308A man who had been hiding was discovered and captured in disgrace. The great matter ended quickly and easily in a short moment.L2692-L2693
AD 1255 – 1308Ganos (Ganum mons)At night, to escape the enemy, the emperor climbed Mount Ganos, leaving his attendants behind to each find a way to save themselves.L209-217
AD 1255 – 1308ConstantinopolisMichael's son Ioannes was handed over as a hostage. His mother went to Constantinople to conclude an agreement.L701-704
AD 1255 – 1308NicaeaPrisoners of war were held in the Nicaea prison. In the confusion, a passage in which enemies were taken to have entered. The next line is unverified.L963-968
AD 1255 – 1282The emperor prepared an expedition to Orestias to break the arrogance of the Genoese.L13-19
AD 1255 – 1282ConstantinopolisThe emperor issued a decree banning trade with the Genoese (dye and wool dealings).L84-91
AD 1255 – 1282ConstantinopolisGenoese ships sailed past Constantinople without the emperor's permission, and the enraged emperor sought a way to subdue the Genoese.L152-158
AD 1255 – 1282ConstantinopolisA Genoese sailor killed a man after a quarrel; the emperor demanded that the Genoese hand over that man (the rower).L413-421
AD 1255 – 1282ConstantinopolisThe emperor ordered Manuel Muzalon to put all the Genoese to death without delay; the troops prepared to search house by house.L453-458
AD 1255 – 1282The agreement on the marriage and the transfer (handing over Mesembria) with Constantine fell apart, and the dispute resumed.L519-525
AD 1255 – 1282JerusalemThe emperor sent Joseph Catharus to Palestine to run a scheme among the patriarchs to slander the emperor and to try to move the sultan.L582-588
AD 1255 – 1282As Constantine's faction grew stronger, the emperor responded with a large-scale conscription.L868-874
AD 1255 – 1282Lachanas defeated the army of the Bulgarian king and killed the king; he then took the cities one after another.L951-960
AD 1255 – 1308On July 12 he crossed the Bosporus and went over to the emperor; he was welcomed and lodged at the Lichnia monastery.part11 L1050-1051
AD 1255 – 1308That same year Emperor Andronicus returned from the east.part11 L1865-1866
AD 1255 – 1308Soon after, Lady Anna died. After her husband returned to the city from the east, the news of her death reached the emperor.part11 L2026-2027
AD 1255 – 1308News reached the emperor staying at Prusa about conditions at Pesfa; he sent envoys to Martinus, the successor of Nicholas.part11 L2376-2377
AD 1255 – 1308obsessa arx (성채 이름 없음)News spread through the emperor's whole camp that the enemy commander had been captured inside the besieged fortress.L73-74
AD 1255 – 1308Constantinopolis (궁전 벽)The emperor ordered the whole victory and the triumphal procession to be painted on the palace walls, as a memorial of thanks to God. PendingL229-230
AD 1255 – 1308Constantinopolis (Blachernae palace)The emperor stood on a high place in the Blachernae palace and watched the triumphal procession of captives led away one by one.L241-244
AD 1255 – 1308The emperor sought to bind the young and vigorous Ioannes to his own family through marriage.L466-469
AD 1255 – 1308ConstantinopolisEnvoys of the Lazi: Ioannes swore that he would go to Constantinople and marry the emperor's daughter.L561-565
AD 1255 – 1308LopadiumThose who went to Lopadium in answer to the emperor's summons were welcomed and feasted by the emperor.L627-631
AD 1255 – 1308At Noga's request and the emperor's entreaty, a barbarian army set out from its land and stood ready to invade Ioannes's territory.L683-687
AD 1255 – 1308The ship carrying the emperors was caught in a sudden storm, tossed by huge waves, and nearly sank.L846-850
AD 1255 – 1308ThessalonicaLeft the emperor (Augustus) staying at Thessalonica and went over to Andronicus; the subject is unclear in the text.part_20 줄 106~112
AD 1255 – 1308An embassy was sent to Michael in Bulgaria; Michael wandered outside Tarnovo and could not enter the capital.part_20 줄 267~274
AD 1255 – 1308ConstantinopleIoannes, prince of the Lazi, died; his wife Eudocia went to the capital with her son.part_20 줄 431~436
AD 1255 – 1308The patriarch dissuaded the alliance with Serbia.part_20 줄 918~921
AD 1255 – 1308ThessalonicaThe betrothed bride from Thessalonica died before the wedding; the emperor demanded return of the city, and the sebastokratores delayed.part_20 줄 969~976
AD 1255 – 1308The Venetian side negotiated to hand over most of their pledged property to the emperor.part_20 줄 1057~1061
AD 1255 – 1308Michael IX's eastern campaign: the army crossed from Crete to Kallipolis, ignoring the orders of its generals.part_20 줄 1928~1933
AD 1255 – 1308A battle resembling civil war between imperial troops: Romans and barbarians, both having sworn allegiance to the emperor, fought each other.part_20 줄 2405~2411
AD 1255 – 1308ConstantinopleAndronicus did not stop the Venetian fleet's provocations against the capital and delayed his counterattack.part_20 줄 2530~2534
AD 1255 – 1308Nogai forces: Tuctais, of the same house, campaigned to recover old rights; Nogas was defeated in battle.part_20 줄 172~179
AD 1255 – 1308Tzacas led an army to attack Bulgaria and subdue it, allying with Osphentisthlabus.part_20 줄 206~213
AD 1255 – 1261NicaeaWar near Nicaea and defeat: the enemy came right up beneath the city gates.L47–48
AD 1255 – 1308The battle with the Catalan fleet continued: blocking enemy ships and fighting on.줄 245–247
AD 1255 – 1308AdrianopleHe led about 150 close followers to find Emperor Michael at Adrianople, ostensibly to pay respects.줄 1445–1447
AD 1255 – 1308The emperor paid money to the Genoese and asked them to send a navarch (fleet commander).줄 1764–1765
AD 1255 – 1308The emperor's fleet captured enemy ships and towed them with their crews; they were escorted the next day.줄 2169–2172
AD 1255 – 1308The oath-renewal ceremony of loyalty (iuramenti) was repeated throughout the city.줄 2430–2431
AD 1255 – 1308AdrianopleWhen people trying to come down from a high place were blocked by the guards below, Adrianople residents rushed in and helped the guards.줄 2667–2671
AD 1255 – 1308HebrusEmboldened by recent battle victories, the Amogabari kept the area on this side of the Hebrus (Maritsa) in constant fear of plunder.l.57-58
AD 1255 – 1308A fortress said to be held by the Catalans: the imperial side decided to send envoys to convey terms.l.159-160
AD 1255 – 1308The Turcopouloi built fortifications elsewhere; the Alan Cutzimpaxis came and inflicted heavy losses on the Romans.l.591-592
AD 1255 – 1308Macrenus picked sixty Amogabari loyal to the Romans and sent them to relieve the siege.l.839-840
AD 1255 – 1308He believed he could persuade the Turks to fight by offering rewards; the Persians were allies.l.1101-1102
AD 1255 – 1308MadytosMadytos: after long starvation had weakened it, it fell to a surprise assault with much slaughter (mentioned earlier).l.1657-1659
AD 1255 – 1308CallipolisCallipolis: a report said only a few defenders remained; they looked for a chance to attack the citadel.l.1771-1772
AD 1255 – 1308He sent men to dissuade a peace treaty with Amogabari; the Genoese replied that they were being drawn into negotiations for necessary reasons.l.2504-2505
AD 1258Theodore II died. His son John IV succeeded to the throne at a young age.part_01.txt:L791-792
AD 1258Muzalon became guardian of the young John IV.part_01.txt:L793-794
AD 1258The army rebelled and killed Muzalon.part_01.txt:L796
AD 1258 – 1261A measure revealing the signs of civil war and a war of annihilation had already been carried out at that time.L342
AD 1258 – 1261NicaeaBecause the emperor would not listen on church matters, [someone] walked out toward the Nicaea gate.L1285
AD 1259The prince of Achaea was captured by the Romans (Nicaean side).part_01.txt:L808
AD 1259Michael Despotes defeated the Romans and captured the Caesar. Only the introductory sentence of the chapter was read; the facts are unverified.part_01.txt:L808-809
AD 1259Palaiologos broke the promise he had made at his enthronement and took the throne as emperor.part_01.txt:L857-858
AD 1259 – 1262Irene, queen of Bulgaria and daughter of Theodore Laskaris, urged her husband to invade Michael's lands. Bulgaria prepared a new move.part04 L37-40
AD 1259The Prince of Achaea was captured by Roman generals because of the betrayal of Ioannes Nothus (summary of the editor's note).part_14.txt:L1044-1045
AD 1259In September 1259, Michael seized power, passing through the titles of grand duke and despot and becoming co-emperor at year's end.part_16.txt:L1161-1164
AD 1260 – 1261The emperor took Selymbria while preparing to retake Constantinople.part_01.txt:L864-865
AD 1260 – 1261The emperor attacked the Galata fortress.part_01.txt:L870
AD 1261ConstantinopleThe Romans regained the city (Constantinople).part_01.txt:L876
AD 1261 – 1264ConstantinopolisThe emperor granted a truce to the Italian embassy that had come to Constantinople.L984
AD 1261ConstantinopolisAfter the city returned to imperial authority, the other side sent his wife and son to discuss peace.L1042
AD 1261 – 1264The emperor crossed to Selymbria, which he had just taken, planning to seize the city there, but gave up the plan.L1271
AD 1261 – 1282Several senior churchmen died one after another within about nineteen months, including Ioannes Veccus.L1876
AD 1261 – 1265Both sides fought with their last strength, believing that if the citadel fell the city would have to be handed over to the Latins.L2013
AD 1261 – 1282Fearing losses and blame, the besieging side lifted the siege and stopped the attack.L2064
AD 1261 – 1282The tomb of Basilius Bulgaroctonus, the Bulgar-slayer, was discovered and reported to the emperor, who was moved and sent gifts and singers.L2120
AD 1261 – 1282NicaeaThe emperor sent the sultan's family (wife and children) to Nicaea under the pretext of safekeeping.L2569
AD 1261 – 1282The emperor tried to hold the Tocharoi, a newly rising people, with favors to prevent hostility.L2632
AD 1261 – 1282Michael Despotes sought to recover land that his uncle and father had won by force and that had been taken from them.L2895
AD 1261The Latins, while attacking Daphnusia, scattered in alarm on hearing news of the fall of Constantinople.part04 L455-456
AD 1261ConstantinopolisMichael assigned the emperor's share of the plunder from the city he had retaken by force, and deferred the common people's share.part04 L1188-1191
AD 1261 – 1262ConstantinopolisMichael tried to win over Genoese, Venetians and Pisans in order to seize them, and if they did not obey, to disarm them.part04 L1486-1489
AD 1261ConstantinopolisMichael persuaded the aged patriarch to come to Constantinople, and wanted to be crowned again there himself.part04 L2016-2017
AD 1261 – 1262Michael did not marry John's sisters to Romans but gave them to Latin nobles, to cut off any pretext for rebellion.part04 L2643-2645
AD 1261 – 1265ConstantinopolisThe emperor brought forces from outside into the capital to defend the city, deployed many lightly armed soldiers, and kept the cavalry of his own household ready to sortie.part_05 L115–120
AD 1261 – 1262On the emperor's order, the eyes of a young child (Ioannes IV Laskaris) were to be put out. The child did not know what was happening.part_05 L362–367
AD 1261 – 1263Those who would leave him declared that they would follow a man wearing imperial dress as emperor. The emperor was furious.part_05 L534–539
AD 1262 – 1267On news that Baldwin had fled to Charles, Michael was startled. The matter of forming marriage ties with Charles (subject presumed).part04 L1581-1584
AD 1262 – 1264The fortress on the mountain held out against the besiegers for a long time thanks to the terrain. A siege standoff.part_05 L716–721
AD 1262 – 1264Proposed to take hostages to guarantee a safe return, and to reward them if they abandoned the false Ioannes Laskaris.part_05 L803–806
AD 1262 – 1269Imperial triremes recovered several islands held by the Latins and set up garrisons. News of the capture of Naxos.part_05 L1266–1269
AD 1262 – 1264Macrenus handed over to the prince what the Byzantines had taken in the Peloponnese and denounced him as opposing the emperor. Eulogia informed her brothers.part_05 L1464–1465
AD 1263 – 1266SiciliaThe pope set up Charles, brother of the French king, to take the kingdom from those whom the pope had declared rebels and apostates.part_05 L5–10
AD 1265 – 1266Pachymeres and his party of four set sail on July 25, and two days later reached an island, where they went to see the patriarch, on their way to meet a defendant in a trial.L543–550
AD 1266The emperor raised to the patriarchate the one man with the most votes, on December 8. The name is not given in this line.L1801–1802
AD 1266 – 1270PannoniaAfter Charles's victory, Michael VIII decided to send envoys to Pannonia, the Hungarian royal court.L2530–2536
AD 1267ConstantinopleOn May 25, 1267, an almost total solar eclipse was visible at Constantinople (12 minutes of obscuration).part_16.txt:L339-343
AD 1267Just before the eclipse, Germanus III was dismissed and Joseph was chosen as his successor.part_16.txt:L344-346
AD 1268AntiochThe Sultan of Babylon (Mamluk) captured Antioch and tore it down; hostile warfare with the Italians continued after that.2121–2124
AD 1272OrvietoGregory X wrote a letter to Emperor Michael VIII at Orvieto.part_16.txt:L46-47
AD 1273 – 1274ConstantinopleThe emperor's side wrote down the terms for agreeing to communion with the Latins in the Eucharistic rite and mentioning the pope's name, with the proviso that they would not help the Latins while the Latins held the city.part09 L161
AD 1273 – 1274ConstantinopleWith the threat from Charles removed, the emperor thought he could postpone his campaign against the Latins. The point where the grounds for those who spoke of a church division disappeared.part09 L809
AD 1273In 1273, at that gathering, Holobolus lost the emperor's favor.part_16.txt:L48-49
AD 1273RomeGregory X left Rome and headed toward France.part_16.txt:L292-294
AD 1273ProconnesusArsenius died at Proconnesus, and there was a dispute over whether he had said before dying that his body was not to be moved.2050–2053
AD 1274 – 1275RomeThe embassy sailed to Rome, arrived before the pope, and reported its mission.part09 L1516
AD 1274 – 1275ConstantinopleAfter the legates announced the reconciliation, the patriarch's deposition and the public reading of the pope's name followed.part09 L1555
AD 1274 – 1275ConstantinopleIn church, a deacon formally proclaimed the pope, declaring Gregory X Supreme Bishop of the Apostolic See and universal pope.part09 L1620
AD 1274LyonThe reconciliation process between the Greek and Latin churches: a figure named in the note attended the Council of Lyon (editor's note).part_14.txt:L1921-1922
AD 1274LyonIn Lyon, an ecumenical council presided over by Gregory X was held (discussions on Greek reconciliation).part_16.txt:L295-296
AD 1275 – 1282The emperor gave despot Ioannes eastern troops and Scythian auxiliaries and sent him through Illyrian and Triballian lands, past the Peneus into mainland Greece, to fight despot Michael.part_05 L1274–1279
AD 1275ConstantinopleVeccus was ordained Patriarch of Constantinople on Pentecost.part_16.txt:L219-220
AD 1276 – 1281ConstantinopleThe emperor sent envoys to the pope to secretly probe Charles's plans.part09 L2286
AD 1276 – 1281RomeThe envoys reported that the treaty had been concluded; at the papal court they saw Charles threatening and persuading the pope.part09 L2328
AD 1280 – 1292The emperor renewed the alliance with the Bulgarian king Terter; Terter was the man who took the throne after Asen withdrew.938–939
AD 1281OrvietoMartin IV promulgated at Orvieto a charter aimed against Michael VIII.part_16.txt:L2859-2861
AD 1281 – 1282CyzicusEmperor Michael could not hold out at Pergamon and went to Cyzicus.L2281–2283
AD 1281 – 1282Bulgarian king Spentistlabus acted concerning his daughter and a former marriage (only the opening was read).L2936–2937
AD 1282AllageAllage describes the place that God had set for the emperor to end his life. PendingL905-909
AD 1282In November word came that all the treaty documents had been settled, but the emperor's serious illness delayed the meeting.L956-960
AD 1282Michael VIII Palaiologos died on December 11, Good Friday (Parasceve), fulfilling what the seal had foretold.L1104-1106
AD 1282 – 1308The emperor gave an army to the protovestiarius Tarchaniotes and sent him by the western land route, with orders to march as far as Demetrias.1388–1390
AD 1282 – 1285ConstantinopleA conspiracy at Constantinople to eliminate Carolus by stirring up the people against the emperor; Carolus was still alive.1502–1503
AD 1282 – 1292King Terter of Bulgaria fell out with the emperor; he had his daughter brought home to be betrothed to his son Osphentisthlabos.1584–1586
AD 1282 – 1308RhaidestosA ship blown off course by a storm reached the shore at Rhaidestos; the fugitives aboard, the emperor's ministers, were handed over.1681–1683
AD 1282 – 1308About 100,000 Scythians (Cumans) came out from beyond the Danube, passed through Bulgaria and settled at the outer passes; fears of raids on Macedonia and Thrace.1882–1887
AD 1282 – 1308ConstantinopleMichael VIII's remains were moved from Selymbria and interred opposite the tomb of the Bulgar-slayer (Basil II).2925–2928
AD 1282PegaeEmperor Michael recovered from illness but still stayed at Pegae.L2899–2900
AD 1282SicilyMichael allied with the king of Sicily, joining the war against Charles of Anjou.L2413–2414
AD 1282 – 1308PhiladelphiaAlisyras, with Carmani troops, closely besieged Philadelphia and subdued or captured several forts around its walls.part22:L389
AD 1282 – 1308The fighting resumed the next day; the Alani could not bear the arrogant insults of the Italians.part22:L456
AD 1282 – 1308Chranisthlabus, a commander born in Bulgaria, became entangled in a fight with Lachanas (only part of the sentence about Emperor Michael was checked).part22:L588
AD 1282 – 1308PhiladelphiaThe siege of Philadelphia was lifted, and people cheered loudly from all sides (including the editor's remark that the outcome fell short of the cheering).part22:L659
AD 1282 – 1308PhiladelphiaEmperor Doukas attacked, with armed troops and walls, the old town in front of Philadelphia (only part of the passage before and after was checked).part22:L882
AD 1282 – 1308MagnesiaThe grand duke began the siege of Magnesia, erecting engines and towers.part22:L1141
AD 1282 – 1308CenchreaeA great Persian (Turkish) army surrounded common folk trapped at Kegreis.part22:L1243
AD 1282 – 1308The young Emperor Michael (Augustus) fought Turks and Amogabaros in that region; results were poor.part22:L1284
AD 1282 – 1308SozopolisWord came that the Roman army had gathered in the west, but a Bulgarian force appeared near Sozopolis.part22:L1332
AD 1282 – 1308AdrianopolisA Bulgarian band armed again and burst into the countryside of Adrianople.part22:L1357
AD 1282 – 1308TrapezusAlexios, lord of the Lazi at Trebizond, fought the Genoese (the cause passage was not read this time).part22:L1427
AD 1282 – 1308In the same war, fire spread and twelve Genoese ships were burned; losses were greater on the Genoese side (harbor name unconfirmed).part22:L1484
AD 1283ConstantinoplePatriarch Joseph died in March and was buried at the monastery of Saint Basil.236–236
AD 1283 – 1289ConstantinopleFormer patriarch Athanasius went on the evening of January 15 to pay his respects to the emperor.L934–935
AD 1289ConstantinopleHe named the monk Athanasius bishop of Sardis and announced him as the emperor's confessor.698–699
AD 1289TripoliThe Arabs (Aethiopes) first attacked and captured Tripoli, one passage of the Syrian disaster.2121–2125
AD 1289ConstantinopleAthanasius came out with bishops and monks to receive the emperor — scene of the patriarch's return.L1288–1289
AD 1294 – 1297ConstantinopleMarriage negotiations between Michael, eldest son of Andronicus II, and Catherine, granddaughter of Charles of Anjou; Ser Pietro, the Italian envoy, came as representative; wedding rites began the previous evening.p19 줄 483–486
AD 1294 – 1295After Anna was pushed aside, Thomas obtained full authority from his son; he married his daughter to Philip, grandson of Charles, and gave him part of his lands as dowry.p19 줄 725–729
AD 1294 – 1299ConstantinopleHostility between Genoa and Venice reached its peak; mutual hatred was fierce.p19 줄 1938–1939
AD 1296ConstantinopleSeventy-five Venetian galleys crossed the Hellespont and arrived at Constantinople by surprise, on a Sunday.p19 줄 2098–2100
AD 1296ConstantinopleA naval chase: Genoese and Venetian ships pursued and fled from one another; the Venetian ships drew close.p19 줄 2130–2134
AD 1296ConstantinopleAt the end of December a quarrel escalated into armed clash; the Genoese, aroused, armed themselves and tried to attack the people in the city.p19 줄 2284–2288
AD 1302 – 1304Atman surrounded that stronghold and deployed troops around it, laying siege.line 18
AD 1302 – 1304In summer, about ten imperial ships, commanded by Marule and sent toward Thasos.line 33
AD 1302 – 1304Killed those who had been captured — siege passage (preceding and following lines unconfirmed).line 61
AD 1302 – 1304Mpyrigerius was taken to Genoa and escaped.line 99
AD 1302 – 1304NicaeaAtman aims at Nicaea — pressure near Nicaea (linked to line 162).line 160
AD 1302 – 1304The emperor consulted the patriarch on the return of church property.line 172
AD 1302 – 1304From Charmpantane, several thousand Tocharoi troops were sent to support the emperor.line 504
AD 1302 – 1304The Turks and Mpyrigerius, Pharenda and Gidas were hostile — battle passage.line 525
AD 1302 – 1304The dux moved his army into Thessaly.line 542
AD 1302NicomediaOn 27 July, defeat near Bapheum (near Nicomedia) — the actor is not named in the line.줄 2727–2729 (1.4 c.25)
AD 1306GalataThe Genoese of Galata warned the emperor that the Catalans were preparing to fight the Romans, but the emperor did not believe it.줄 3776–3779 (c.번호 미확인)
AD 1307PerinthusOn 28 May, Perinthus was taken by force and its inhabitants killed — the agent appears to be the same group as in the preceding lines (4036–4037) 'auctis copiis regiones Romanas incursant', but no name is given.줄 4036–4040 (c.번호 미확인)
AD 1307 – 1308CallipoliEmperor Andronicus held peace negotiations with the Catalans through envoys at Gallipoli.줄 4172–4173 (c.번호 미확인)

Text license and provenance

원문: Georgius Pachymeres (Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae, Bonn 판, 그리스어+라틴어 역). archive.org OCR(djvu.txt) 그대로, 글자 교정 없음.

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