Procopius, History of the Wars: a Standard history source. Covers AD 408 – 553, with 204 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.
| Type | Standard history |
|---|---|
| Viewpoint | Insider account |
| Years covered | AD 408 – 553 |
| Events | 204 events, 148 placed on the map |
| Author | 프로코피우스(카이사레아) |
| Original title | Προκοπίου Καισαρέως ὑπὲρ τῶν πολέμων λόγοι |
Regions: Southern Europe 138 · West Asia 43 · Egypt & North Africa 22 · Western Europe 1
| Year | Place | Event | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| AD 408 | Constantinopolis | In Byzantium, the dying Arcadius worries about how to secure the empire's future for his young son Theodosius. | 1.2.1 |
| AD 409 | Hispania | The Vandals, starving on the shore of Lake Maeotis, move into German (Frankish) land and the Rhine, and then settle in Hispania under the leadership of Godigisclus. | 3.3.2 |
| AD 439 | Carthago | The Vandals take Libya from the Romans and hold it; they confine captured enemies like slaves, among whom was Marcian, who later became emperor. | 3.4.1–3.4.3 |
| AD 455 | Roma | Geiseric lands in Italy with a great fleet and takes Rome; Maximus is stoned to death. | 3.5.1 |
| AD 465 – 469 | The Persian king Peroz starts a war with the Ephthalites (White Huns) over the border and advances with a great army. | 1.3.1 | |
| AD 468 | Emperor Leo gathers about 100,000 troops and fleets from all the eastern waters to punish the Vandals; this is the expedition of Basiliscus. | 3.6.1 | |
| AD 484 | Peroz breaks his pact and gathers all the Persian forces and allies for a new campaign against the Ephthalites; he leaves only his son Kavadh and takes about thirty of his other sons. | 1.4.9 | |
| AD 496 | When Kavadh makes a law for the communal sharing of women, the Persians rise up, depose and imprison him, and make Blases, brother of Peroz, king. | 1.5.1 | |
| AD 502 | Amida | Kavadh, in debt to the Ephthalite king, asks Anastasius for a loan, is refused, and besieges Amida. | 1.7.3 |
| AD 503 | Amida | Emperor Anastasius, on hearing of the siege of Amida, sends a relief army under four generals, including Areobindus. | 1.8.1 |
| AD 503 – 504 | Amida | The Roman army reaches Amida in winter and besieges it; unable to take it by force, it tries to starve the city into surrender. | 1.9.1 |
| AD 518 | Constantinopolis | Anastasius dies and Justin succeeds to the throne, while Kavadh frets about who will take the throne after his own death. | 1.11.1–1.11.2 |
| AD 524 – 525 | Iberia | Because of the Iberians living near the Caspian Gates, Kavadh cannot invade the Roman empire; part of the Iberians splits off toward Lazica. | 1.12.2–1.12.4 |
| AD 525 | Helestheaios, the Christian king of Ethiopia, wants to cross the Red Sea and punish the Homeritae. | 1.20.1 | |
| AD 526 | Ravenna | After Theodoric's death, his eight-year-old grandson Athalaric succeeded to the throne, with his mother Amalasuntha as regent. | 5.2.1 |
| AD 527 – 528 | Justinian orders Belisarius to build a fortress at Mindouos, near the Persian border by Nisibis. | 1.13.2 | |
| AD 530 | Dara | Just before the battle of Dara: when 10,000 Persian troops join from Nisibis, Belisarius and Hermogenes send a letter to the Persian commander Mirranes urging peace. | 1.14.1 |
| AD 530 | Satala | Kavadh sends a detachment into Roman Armenia (Persarmenians, Sunitai, and 3,000 Sabeiroi Huns) under the commander Mermeroes. | 1.15.2–1.15.3 |
| AD 530 – 531 | Because the Persians defeated at Dara do not withdraw, Rufinus meets Kavadh and conveys the Roman protest and the offer of peace. | 1.16.1 | |
| AD 530 | Carthago | King Hilderic is weak in war, so his cousin Hoamer commands, but he is defeated by the Moors; Gelimer seizes power. | 3.9.1–3.9.6 |
| AD 531 | In spring Azaretes invades Roman land with 15,000 cavalry, accompanied by the Saracen Alamundaros, this time by a route other than Mesopotamia. | 1.17.1 | |
| AD 531 | Kallinikon | On Alamundaros's advice, Azaretes crosses the Euphrates and advances; Belisarius pursues him and the battle of Callinicum follows. | 1.18.13–1.18.16 |
| AD 531 | Justinian thinks of allying with the Ethiopians (Axum) and the Homeritae (Himyar) to check Persia. | 1.19.1 | |
| AD 531 | Constantinopolis | The Roman peace envoys under Hermogenes fail; Belisarius, stripped of command, is recalled to Byzantium. | 1.21.2 |
| AD 532 | Roman envoys meet Khosrow on the banks of the Tigris and conclude an 'eternal peace'; the place is unclear (riverbank). | 1.22.17 | |
| AD 532 | Constantinopolis | In Byzantium the Blues and the Greens suddenly stage a great uprising (the Nika revolt). | 1.24.1 |
| AD 532 | Constantinopolis | Belisarius and Mundus lead troops against the crowd that surged toward the hippodrome and suppress it; the revolt ends. | 1.24.40–1.24.52 |
| AD 532 – 533 | Constantinopolis | The emperor reinstates Belisarius as commander-in-chief of the East and sends him on the campaign against the Vandals in Libya; Persia comes to regret the peace. | 1.26.1–1.26.3 |
| AD 533 | Constantinopolis | Justinian proclaims the expedition against the Vandals, but many oppose it, recalling the failure of Leo's expedition. | 3.10.2 |
| AD 533 | Caralis | The force of 400 sent to support Godas in Sardinia (under Cyrillus) and the Carthage expeditionary force (10,000 infantry and 5,000 cavalry) are organized. | 3.11.1 |
| AD 533 | Constantinopolis | Around midsummer of the seventh year, the governor's ships anchor at the shore before the palace; Patriarch Epiphanios prays, and they set sail. | 3.12.2 |
| AD 533 | Syracusae | Belisarius lands on the island (Sicily), uncertain of Vandal intelligence, and scouts from Syracuse. | 3.14.3 |
| AD 533 | They come near the shore, drop anchor and debate whether to land; Arkelaos speaks. | 3.15.1–3.15.2 | |
| AD 533 | The day after the landing, he severely punishes soldiers who looted fruit and gives orders forbidding violence against residents. | 3.16.1 | |
| AD 533 | Carthago | Belisarius advances toward Carthage and entrusts a 300-man escort to his deputy John (an Armenian). | 3.17.1 |
| AD 533 | Gelimer sends his cousin Gibamundus with 2,000 men to the left wing, attempting a threefold encirclement of Ammatas and himself. | 3.18.1 | |
| AD 533 | The Roman army approaches Decimum and camps in a palisade 35 stadia away; Belisarius gives his instructions. | 3.19.1 | |
| AD 533 | Carthago | Belisarius enters Carthage; the citizens open the gates and hold lamps all night. | 3.20.1 |
| AD 533 | Carthago | Belisarius lunches at the 'Delphica' palace, where Gelimer had entertained the nobles. | 3.21.2–3.21.5 |
| AD 533 | Gelimer scatters wealth among the Libyan peasants to incite the killing of Romans, with a bounty. | 3.23.1 | |
| AD 533 | Caralis | Gelimer's brother Zazo lands at the port of Caralis in Sardinia, takes the city and kills the rebel Godas. | 3.24.1 |
| AD 533 | Bulla Regia | Gelimer gathers all the Vandals and Moorish auxiliaries on the Bulla plain, four days' journey from Carthage. | 3.25.1 |
| AD 533 | Carthago | Gelimer approached Carthage, cut the aqueduct, and camped, then withdrew. | 4.1.2 |
| AD 533 | Belisarius sent the cavalry ahead and followed the next day with the infantry, marching toward the battle of Tricamarum (location unknown). | 4.2.3 | |
| AD 533 | Gelimer and Tzazo addressed the troops, then sent the Vandals out to form up on the riverbank: battle of Tricamarum (place unknown). | 4.3.1 | |
| AD 533 | After the victory, the Roman troops fell into chaotic plundering, and Belisarius feared a counterattack during the night. | 4.4.1 | |
| AD 534 | Carthago | Belisarius returned to Carthage and gathered the Vandals to send them to Constantinople; Cyril took Tzazo's head to Sardinia. | 4.5.2–4.5.5 |
| AD 534 | Pharas, worn out by the winter siege, tried to climb Mount Papua, but was blocked by the Moors and suffered heavy losses. | 4.6.1–4.6.4 | |
| AD 534 | After a three-month siege, the winter ended, and Gelimer, in hunger and misery, negotiated a surrender. | 4.7.1–4.7.6 | |
| AD 534 | Constantinopolis | Belisarius arrived at Constantinople with Gelimer and the Vandals, an honor of triumph that no general had received in six hundred years. | 4.9.1 |
| AD 534 | Theodahad is introduced as a greedy man who had seized vast lands in Tuscia. | 5.3.1 | |
| AD 535 | Carthago | Solomon took over the Libyan army; news came that the Moors had risen, killed soldiers from Byzacium and Numidia, and begun plundering. | 4.10.1 |
| AD 535 | Solomon heard of the cases of Rufinus and Aigan and sent a warning letter to the Moorish leaders. | 4.11.1 | |
| AD 535 | The Moors mobilized in full and again plundered Byzacium; Solomon hurried out from Carthage. | 4.12.1–4.12.2 | |
| AD 535 | Aurasius | Iaudas, a Moorish chief of the Aurasius, raided Numidia with over thirty thousand men; Althias defended the Centuriae. | 4.13.1 |
| AD 535 | Ravenna | Upon accusation by the Tuscans, Amalasuntha interrogated Theodahad. | 5.4.1 |
| AD 535 – 536 | Salona | In the ninth year of his reign the emperor decided on war with the Goths and ordered Mundus to Salona in Dalmatia. | 5.5.1–5.5.2 |
| AD 535 | Ravenna | Frightened by the pressure of Peter, Theodahad held secret talks and agreed to cede Sicily. | 5.6.1 |
| AD 535 | Salona | When Gothic troops came near Salona in Dalmatia, Mauricius, son of Mundus, scouted and clashed with them. | 5.7.2 |
| AD 535 | Syracusae | Belisarius placed garrisons at Syracuse and Panormus and crossed from Messana to Rhegium; the locals submitted. | 5.8.1 |
| AD 536 | Carthago | At the same time in Italy, Belisarius easily took Sicily, while in Carthage the army mutinied. | 4.14.1 |
| AD 536 | Bulla Regia | The rebels plundered Carthage, set up Stotzas as tyrant on the Bulla plain, and marched on Carthage with eight thousand men. | 4.15.1 |
| AD 536 | Neapolis | The besieged people of Naples appealed for help to the Roman Theodahad; Theodahad did not respond. | 5.9.8–5.9.9 |
| AD 536 | Neapolis | Belisarius picked four hundred men for an entry plan, led by Magnus and Ennes, entering through the aqueduct channel. | 5.10.3–5.10.8 |
| AD 536 | Ravenna | Goths near Rome, suspicious of Theodahad's lethargy, proclaimed Witigis as king. | 5.11.6 |
| AD 536 | Roma | Belisarius entered Rome through the Asinarian Gate while the Goths withdrew by the Flaminian Gate; for the first time in sixty years Rome was in Roman hands. | 5.14.14 |
| AD 537 | Carthago | The emperor sent his nephew Germanus to Libya, accompanied by Symmachus and Domnicus. | 4.16.1–4.16.2 |
| AD 537 | The exhausted rebels broke camp and withdrew to Numidia; Germanus pursued them. | 4.17.1–4.17.2 | |
| AD 537 | Carthago | Maximinus, a bodyguard of Theodorus, plotted a riot. | 4.18.1–4.18.4 |
| AD 537 | After Theodoric's death the Franks conquered Thuringia and intervened in Gothic lands. | 5.13.1 | |
| AD 537 | The Goth Pitzas offered Belisarius half the Samnite coast. | 5.15.1 | |
| AD 537 | Perusia | Belisarius fortified the Roman defenses and sent Constantine and Bessas to take Tuscia. | 5.16.1–5.16.2 |
| AD 537 | Roma | At news of the Gothic general mobilization, Belisarius was troubled; he responded at the Tiber bridge (Milvius). | 5.17.11–5.17.14 |
| AD 537 | Roma | The Goths easily broke the tower gate of the bridge and crossed, clashing with Belisarius's cavalry of a thousand. | 5.18.1–5.18.2 |
| AD 537 | Roma | The Goths began the siege of Rome, building six palisades; Rome posted guards at each gate. | 5.19.1 |
| AD 537 | Roma | On the morning of the eighteenth day of the siege, the Goths attacked the walls with siege towers and rams; Belisarius smiled and reassured his soldiers. | 5.22.1–5.22.2 |
| AD 537 | Roma | Belisarius wrote to the emperor that he had secured Rome but his forces were scattered, requesting reinforcements. | 5.24.1 |
| AD 537 | Neapolis | Belisarius evacuated his wife, children, and unnecessary servants to Naples. | 5.25.2 |
| AD 537 | Ravenna | Witigis ordered the execution of all senators he had brought to Ravenna; some escaped. | 5.26.1 |
| AD 537 | Portus | Portus fell, and twenty days later Martinus and Valerianus arrived with sixteen hundred cavalry. | 5.27.1 |
| AD 537 | Roma | The Roman troops, drunk on successive victories, wanted an all-out battle, but Belisarius insisted only on small sorties. | 5.28.2 |
| AD 537 | Roma | Witigis armed all the Goths and prepared a decisive battle around the plain of Nero. | 5.29.1–5.29.2 |
| AD 537 | Roma | The Romans avoided a full-scale battle and defeated the barbarians with cavalry raids; Bessas distinguished himself. | 6.1.3 |
| AD 537 | Tarracina | Euthalius arrived at Tarracina with the soldiers' pay, and Belisarius sent an escort of a hundred. | 6.2.1–6.2.2 |
| AD 537 | Roma | Around midsummer, famine and plague struck Rome; the Goths avoided battle and chose a war of attrition. | 6.3.1 |
| AD 537 | Neapolis | Belisarius sent the author Procopius to Naples to gather grain ships and soldiers. | 6.4.1 |
| AD 537 | Hydruntum | From Constantinople, three thousand Isaurians reached the port of Naples, and eight hundred Thracian cavalry under John reached Hydruntum. | 6.5.1 |
| AD 538 | Roma | The barbarians, struck by plague and hunger, gave up the war and discussed ways to withdraw. | 6.6.1 |
| AD 538 | Ostia | The Isaurian fleet arrived at the port of Rome, and John's army reached Ostia; fortifications were built without enemy interference. | 6.7.1 |
| AD 538 | Roma | Belisarius and Constantine fell out over the affair of Presidius. | 6.8.1 |
| AD 538 | Roma | The Goths tried a night infiltration through the aqueduct near the Pincian Gate. | 6.9.2 |
| AD 538 | John, with two thousand cavalry, plundered Picenum and killed Ulithaeus, an uncle of Witigis. | 6.10.1 | |
| AD 538 | Clusium | Witigis marched with his army toward Ravenna and stationed garrisons at Clusium and other places. | 6.11.1 |
| AD 538 | Ariminum | Witigis surrounded Ariminum with his whole army and set wheeled siege towers against the walls. | 6.12.1 |
| AD 538 | Roma | Belisarius marched at midsummer to Witigis's camp, leaving only a small force in Rome. | 6.13.1 |
| AD 538 | Firmum | The forces of Belisarius and Narses joined near Firmum, and they held a council on the plan to relieve Ariminum. | 6.16.1 |
| AD 538 | Ariminum | The Goths abandoned their camp at Ariminum and fled; Ildiger took over the encampment, and Belisarius entered. | 6.18.1–6.18.2 |
| AD 538 | Urbinum | Belisarius sent Peranius to Urbiventum and attacked Urbinum himself. | 6.19.1 |
| AD 538 | Urbinum | At the winter solstice he took Urbinum; Auximum was judged too hard to besiege immediately. | 6.20.1 |
| AD 539 | When Khosrow hears of Belisarius's conquest of Italy, he seeks a pretext to break the peace and has Alamundaros create a dispute. | 2.1.1–2.1.3 | |
| AD 539 | The Gothic king Vitigis sends two Ligurian priests to Khosrow to urge him to invade the Roman empire. | 2.2.1–2.2.4 | |
| AD 539 | In Armenia Simeones of Parangion is killed, and the dispute over it leads to unrest in Armenia. | 2.3.1 | |
| AD 539 | A comet appears: at first it is only as tall as a man, then it grows larger. | 2.4.1 | |
| AD 539 | Carthago | In the thirteenth year, Germanus was recalled, and Solomon was again given full authority over Libya. | 4.19.1 |
| AD 539 | Solomon faced the enemy that had besieged and entrenched themselves at Thumar: a long standoff in unfavorable terrain with too little water. | 4.20.1–4.20.3 | |
| AD 539 | Mediolanum | Uraias besieged Mediolanum; Martinus and Uliaris were delayed at the Po river crossing. | 6.21.1 |
| AD 539 | Mediolanum | In spring Belisarius heard of the fall of Mediolanum and grieved; he forbade meeting Uliaris. | 6.22.2–6.22.4 |
| AD 539 | Auximum | Belisarius decided to attack Auximum and Pausula first; he sent Cyprian and Justin to Pausula. | 6.23.1–6.23.2 |
| AD 539 | Ticinum | Theudebert of the Franks, judging that both Goths and Romans were exhausted, intervened in Italy and invaded. | 6.25.1 |
| AD 539 | Auximum | Theudebert withdrew from Italy; the Goths of Auximum lost hope of relief and began negotiations. | 6.26.1 |
| AD 539 | Auximum | Belisarius pressed Auximum with a plan to poison the spring's water source. | 6.27.2 |
| AD 540 | Near the end of the thirteenth year, in spring, Khosrow invades Roman territory with a great army, keeping the Euphrates on his right and breaking the eternal peace. | 2.5.1 | |
| AD 540 | Hierapolis | Right after the emperor splits the eastern command, giving the west bank of the Euphrates to Buzes, Khosrow marches on Hierapolis. | 2.6.2–2.6.4 |
| AD 540 | Beroea | Khosrow takes money and goes to Beroea; Megas hurries to Antioch. | 2.7.1 |
| AD 540 | Antiochia ad Orontem | Khosrow advances on Antioch with his whole army; some citizens flee, and the commanders of the Lebanon garrisons arrive. | 2.8.1 |
| AD 540 | Antiochia ad Orontem | Khosrow gives a speech to the Roman envoys that 'God mixes evil with good things'. Tradition | 2.9.1 |
| AD 540 | Seleucia Pieria | Khosrow comes to Seleucia Pieria, the port 130 stadia from Antioch, bathes alone in the sea and makes a sacrifice to the sun. | 2.11.1 |
| AD 540 | Chalcis ad Belum | On arriving at Chalcis he demands ransom and threatens to besiege it. | 2.12.1–2.12.2 |
| AD 540 | Edessa | Khosrow receives the emperor's letter ratifying the peace and frees the hostages, but prepares to withdraw because of the situation at Edessa. | 2.13.3–2.13.6 |
| AD 540 | Ctesiphon | About a day's march from Ctesiphon, Khosrow founds a new city, names it 'Khosrow's Antioch', and settles captives there. | 2.14.1 |
| AD 540 | Ravenna | After the fall of Auximum, Belisarius besieged Ravenna, guarding the banks of the Po to cut off supplies. | 6.28.1–6.28.2 |
| AD 540 | Ravenna | Imperial envoys proposed a peace plan dividing Italy along the Po; Witigis accepted, but Belisarius refused. | 6.29.1–6.29.3 |
| AD 540 | Ravenna | Some commanders slandered Belisarius to the emperor, and the emperor hastily recalled him because of the Persian war. | 6.30.1–6.30.3 |
| AD 540 | Constantinopolis | Belisarius arrived at Constantinople with Witigis, Gothic nobles, and wealth; the emperor welcomed him gladly. | 7.1.1–7.1.2 |
| AD 541 | Colchis | At the request of the Lazi, Khosrow sends an army to Colchis (Lazica). | 2.15.1 |
| AD 541 | Belisarius gathers troops in Mesopotamia and sends scouting parties toward the Persian side. | 2.16.1 | |
| AD 541 | Petra | Khosrow and the Persian army pass through Iberia and cut a road through the forest at the border of Lazica. | 2.17.3–2.17.4 |
| AD 541 | Nisibis | Belisarius advances from Dara toward Nisibis. | 2.18.1 |
| AD 541 | Belisarius marches a day's distance and attacks the Persian fortress Sisauranon; its garrison has 800 cavalry. | 2.19.2–2.19.6 | |
| AD 541 | Pelusium | The plague spreads and almost ends mankind; it is described as originating at Pelusium. | 2.22.6 |
| AD 541 | Ticinum | Eraric, of the Rugian people, held great power among the Goths. | 7.2.1 |
| AD 541 | Verona | The Goths made Totila king; after the emperor's rebuke, the commanders gathered at Ravenna and prepared to attack Verona. | 7.3.3 |
| AD 542 | Sergiopolis | In spring Khosrow invades a third time, with the Euphrates on his right; the bishop of Sergiopolis, Candidos, is afraid and does not respond. | 2.20.1–2.20.2 |
| AD 542 | Europos | Belisarius camps at Europos; when he does, Khosrow sends the envoy Abandanes to scout. | 2.21.1 |
| AD 542 | Constantinopolis | The plague in Byzantium lasts four months, its peak three months, with five thousand to over ten thousand dying each day. | 2.23.1 |
| AD 542 | Verona | Totila approached the Roman army with five thousand men; Artabazes addressed the commanders. | 7.4.1 |
| AD 542 | Florentia | Totila sent three of his commanders to besiege Justin at Florentia. | 7.5.1 |
| AD 542 | Beneventum | Totila took the fortresses of Cesena and Petra, went down to Campania and Samnium, and easily took Beneventum. | 7.6.1 |
| AD 542 | Syracusae | Maximinus was delayed at Syracuse in Sicily; Conon at Naples, besieged, requested rescue. | 7.7.1 |
| AD 543 | Khosrow goes to Adarbiganon and, by negotiation, seeks an invasion of Armenia near the temple. | 2.24.2–2.24.3 | |
| AD 543 | In the district of Dubios, eight days' journey from Theodosiopolis, an incident happens in a place with many merchants. | 2.25.1 | |
| AD 543 | Leptis | In the seventeenth year, Cyrus and Sergius (son of Bacchus) became governors of Pentapolis and Tripolis; an incident in which they deceived Moorish envoys. | 4.21.1 |
| AD 543 | Neapolis | Totila took Naples and, to relieve the starving citizens, regulated food distribution and took humane measures. | 7.8.1 |
| AD 544 | Edessa | The following year Khosrow invades Mesopotamia for the fourth time, aiming to take Edessa. | 2.26.3–2.26.4 |
| AD 544 | Edessa | The citizens of Edessa dig a tunnel under the Persian earthwork to set it on fire. | 2.27.1 |
| AD 544 | Carthago | Solomon died, and his nephew Sergius took command of Libya; everyone disliked his rule. | 4.22.1 |
| AD 544 | When the Moors Antalas and Stotzas gathered at Byzacium, John mustered his troops. | 4.23.1 | |
| AD 544 | Salona | Belisarius set out for Italy a second time from Salona, recruiting auxiliaries by way of Thrace. | 7.10.1–7.10.2 |
| AD 544 | Ravenna | Belisarius reached Ravenna by fleet and addressed the Gothic and Roman soldiers he gathered. | 7.11.1 |
| AD 545 | The generals Justus and Peranius die; a five-year truce is established. | 2.28.11 | |
| AD 545 | Carthago | The emperor sent Areobindus, an elder with no military experience, as commander-in-chief in Libya. | 4.24.1 |
| AD 545 | Carthago | Two months later Gontharis rebelled as tyrant, bringing the Numidian and Byzacene forces to Carthage. | 4.25.1 |
| AD 545 | Carthago | Gontharis used the gate guard to kill Areobindus. | 4.26.1–4.26.4 |
| AD 545 | Gontharis sent Areobindus's head to Antalas and broke his promise. | 4.27.1 | |
| AD 545 | Ravenna | Belisarius sent John to Constantinople to ask for more troops and money. | 7.12.1 |
| AD 545 | Roma | Totila approached Rome and laid siege to it, declaring that he would not harm the farmers and would only collect taxes. | 7.13.1 |
| AD 546 | Carthago | At a banquet Artabanes killed Gontharis, on the thirty-sixth day of his tyranny (the nineteenth year). | 4.28.6 |
| AD 546 | Portus | Belisarius sent Valentinus and Phocas to Portus to strengthen its defense. | 7.15.1 |
| AD 546 | Placentia | The people of Placentia (Piacenza), besieged by the Goths, ate forbidden foods out of hunger. | 7.16.2–7.16.3 |
| AD 546 | Roma | Pelagius asked Totila for a truce but in vain, and famine in Rome worsened. | 7.17.1 |
| AD 546 | Epidamn | The forces of John and Isaac joined Belisarius at Epidamnus. | 7.18.1 |
| AD 546 | Portus | Belisarius devised schemes to get food into besieged Rome, such as lashing two ships together to make a fighting tower-ship. | 7.19.3–7.19.7 |
| AD 546 | Roma | Bessas sold grain and neglected the defenses; Isaurian guards opened the gates to Totila, and Rome fell on December 17. | 7.20.1–7.20.4 |
| AD 547 | Lucania | Tullianus gathered the farmers of Lucania and held the narrow passes, stopping the plunder. | 7.22.1 |
| AD 547 | Roma | Belisarius entered Rome with only a small garrison and quickly repaired the collapsed walls, a bold recapture. | 7.24.2–7.24.7 |
| AD 547 | Roma | John besieged the fortress of Acheronti and, learning that Totila was attacking Rome's walls, made a daring relief attempt. | 7.26.2 |
| AD 548 | Petra | Khosrow sends timber and 300 elite troops to the castle of Petra for the Lazica campaign. | 2.29.1–2.29.3 |
| AD 548 | Perusia | Totila sent troops to besiege the fortress of Perusia, which ran short of food. | 7.25.1 |
| AD 548 | Constantinopolis | The emperor first sent Pacurius and Sergius to Italy and prepared a new expeditionary force. | 7.27.2 |
| AD 548 | Kroton | Belisarius focused on holding Croton, on the crescent-shaped bay toward Tarentum. | 7.28.2–7.28.4 |
| AD 548 | Epidamn | Slavic forces crossed the Ister and plundered all of Illyricum as far as Epidamnus. | 7.29.1 |
| AD 548 | Hydruntum | Antonina went to Constantinople, while Valerian joined Belisarius at Hydruntum. | 7.30.2 |
| AD 548 | Constantinopolis | With Artabanes at the center, a plot to assassinate Justinian was hatched. | 7.31.1–7.31.2 |
| AD 548 | Britannia | The Varni and the soldiers of Britain fought a war with each other. | 8.20.1 |
| AD 549 | Phasis | Mermeroes crosses the Iberian border and advances with the Phasis river on his right. | 2.30.1 |
| AD 549 | The Gepids and Lombards, after a feud between neighbors, set a day for a decisive battle. | 7.34.1 | |
| AD 549 | Constantinopolis | Belisarius returned from Italy to Constantinople after five years; he could not land on the mainland and only came to the coastal fortresses. | 7.35.1 |
| AD 550 | Roma | Totila besieged Rome; three thousand elite troops under Diogenes defended it, but the Isaurians opened the gates. | 7.36.1 |
| AD 550 | Three thousand Slavs crossed the Ister, then crossed the Hebrus river and split in two. | 7.38.1 | |
| AD 550 | Rhegion | The Goths attacked the fortress of Rhegium but were driven back by the defenders; Totila left a small force and moved on. | 7.39.1–7.39.2 |
| AD 550 | Serdica | While Germanus was gathering troops at Serdica, a large Slavic army crossed the Ister and advanced to Naissus. | 7.40.1 |
| AD 551 | Colchis | When Chorianes's Persian army camped on the bank of the Hippis river, Gubazes and Dagisthaeus met them with a joint Roman and Lazic force. | 8.8.1 |
| AD 551 | The Lazi betrayed Dagisthaeus, slandering him to the emperor as pro-Persian. | 8.9.1 | |
| AD 551 | At the fortress of Tzibile in Abasgia, the governor Terdetes, resentful of Gubazes, colluded with the Persians. | 8.10.1–8.10.2 | |
| AD 551 | Petra | Romans under Bessas and a Persian garrison fought over the fortress of Petra; the Romans took the fortress. | 8.11.11 |
| AD 551 | Petra | The Romans surrounded the Persians on the acropolis of Petra and tried to persuade them to surrender, but they refused. | 8.12.1 |
| AD 551 | Phasis | Mermeroes, hurrying to relieve Petra after winter, changed course when he heard the situation and turned toward a place other than Phasis. | 8.13.2–8.13.7 |
| AD 551 | Archaeopolis, a city on a high rocky hill, came under attack by Mermeroes. | 8.14.1–8.14.3 | |
| AD 551 | Constantinopolis | After long negotiations at Constantinople, Isdigousnas, envoy of Chosroes, agreed to a five-year truce with Justinian. | 8.15.1 |
| AD 551 | Tens of thousands of Romans held captive by the Cutrigurs escaped amid the chaos. | 8.19.2 | |
| AD 551 | Salona | The emperor honored Belisarius but sent Narses to Italy. | 8.21.6–8.21.8 |
| AD 551 | Ancon | Totila sent forty-seven ships to besiege Ancon; the commanders were Scipuar, Gibal, and Gundulf. | 8.23.1 |
| AD 551 | In Sicily, Artabanes took command of the whole army instead of Liberius and besieged the remaining Gothic fortresses. | 8.24.1 | |
| AD 552 | Colchis | Gubazes, learning of Chosroes's assassination plot, turned friendly toward the Romans, but most Lazi were angered by the abuses of Roman soldiers. | 8.16.2 |
| AD 552 | Constantinopolis | Monks from India promised the emperor they would make silk themselves, aiming to break the dependence on Persia. | 8.17.1 |
| AD 552 | Salona | John waited at Salona for Narses, who was delayed by the Huns, while Totila reorganized Rome. | 8.22.1 |
| AD 552 | Kroton | The emperor sent the garrison of Thermopylae to Italy to lift the siege of Croton. | 8.26.1–8.26.4 |
| AD 552 | Ravenna | Narses's army joined Valerian and Justin at Ravenna and stayed nine days; Usdrilas of Ariminum sent a letter. | 8.28.1 |
| AD 552 | Totila, waiting for Teias, set out to fight Narses without waiting for the two thousand cavalry (at Taginae). | 8.29.1–8.29.6 | |
| AD 552 | Before the battle, Narses gathered his troops and addressed them, preparing for the battle of Taginae. | 8.30.1 |
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