Sphrantzes, Chronicle: a Standard history source. Covers AD 1415 – 1477, with 78 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.
| Type | Standard history |
|---|---|
| Viewpoint | Insider account |
| Years covered | AD 1415 – 1477 |
| Events | 78 events, 68 placed on the map |
| Author | Georgius Phrantzes |
| Original title | Georgius Phrantzes, Chronicon (Bonn 1838) |
Regions: Southern Europe 41 · West Asia 36 · Eastern Europe & Russia 1
| Year | Place | Event | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| AD 1415 | Mehmed I dies and his son Murad succeeds to the throne (text: "Mortuo Mehemete...Amurates...imperium capessivit"). | Lib.I cap.31 (줄 2898–2900) | |
| AD 1419 | Constantinople | John VIII marries Sophia, daughter of the marquis of Montferrat, and is crowned at Hagia Sophia. | Lib.I cap.36 (줄 3534–3554) |
| AD 1420 | Gelibolu | John VIII brings Mustafa from the Peloponnese to Kallipolis and installs him as sultan of the west (the European side). | Lib.I cap.38 (줄 3674–3676) |
| AD 1422 | Constantinople | Murad II sends an army and besieges Constantinople on 8 June; he arrives in person on 15 June and attacks, then withdraws without success on 6 September. | Lib.I cap.39 (줄 3737–3763) |
| AD 1422 | Constantinopolis | Ottoman advance forces encircle Constantinople on 10 June and begin the blockade. | Cananus, Narratio (p.459) |
| AD 1422 | Constantinopolis | Murad's main force arrives and by order builds an earthen rampart (agger) outside the walls. | Cananus, Narratio (p.460~461) |
| AD 1422 | Constantinopolis | On 24 August a large Ottoman attack is repelled (over a thousand Ottoman casualties; on the defenders' side fewer than 100 wounded and no more than 30 dead). | Cananus, Narratio (p.479) |
| AD 1423 | Isthmus of Corinth | Turahan takes the Hexamilion (the land wall) across the Isthmus of the Peloponnese and kills many Albanian soldiers. | Lib.I cap.40 (줄 3778–3779) |
| AD 1423 | Hungary | John VIII leaves for Hungary (15 November), leaving his brother Constantine in the city as deputy. | Lib.I 말미 (줄 3805–3806) |
| AD 1425 | Constantinople | Emperor Manuel II dies on 21 July, having been tonsured a monk two days before his death, and is buried in the Pantokrator monastery. | Lib.I 말미 (줄 3899–3905) |
| AD 1426 | Constantinople | Empress Sophia leaves her husband John VIII and returns to her homeland (Montferrat). | Lib.I 말미 (줄 3952–3956) |
| AD 1427 | Constantinople | John VIII marries a Komnenos princess of Trebizond and she is proclaimed Augusta. | Lib.II 서두 (줄 3987–3989) |
| AD 1427 | Peloponnesus | John VIII leaves the city with his brother Constantine and arrives in the Peloponnese on 26 December. | Lib.II 서두 (줄 3990–3991) |
| AD 1428 | Corinth | John VIII boards a trireme at Corinth and sets out for Constantinople. | Bonn p.131 |
| AD 1429 | Mistra | Despot Andronikos dies and is buried in the Pantokrator monastery at Mistra. | Bonn p.134 |
| AD 1429 | Ioannina | Carlo Tocco (Carolus) dies at Ioannina. | Bonn p.154 |
| AD 1429 | Glarentza | Empress Theodora Stameri dies and is temporarily laid in a church at Glarentza. | Bonn p.155 |
| AD 1430 | Patras | Sphrantzes is seized by the people of Patras (taken prisoner). | Bonn p.155 |
| AD 1430 | Patras | Sphrantzes is appointed governor of Patras (praefectura Patrensi). | Bonn p.157 |
| AD 1430 | Ioannina | The Ottoman beylerbey Sinan takes Ioannina and the neighboring regions. | Bonn p.157 |
| AD 1430 | Thessalonica (Langada) | News reaches the city that Murad's army has arrived at Langadas (toward the Thessalonica gate side). | Anagnostes, Narratio (p.492) |
| AD 1430 | Thessalonica | Ottoman forces creep up to the outer wall at dead of night, trying to undermine and bring it down. | Anagnostes, Narratio (p.498) |
| AD 1432 | Kalavryta | The two brothers Constantine (around Kalavryta) and Thomas (Glarentza) exchange their domains. | Bonn p.158 |
| AD 1435 | Athens | Antonio Lazaris Komnenos, lord of Athens and Thebes, dies. | Bonn p.159 |
| AD 1435 | Thebes | Turahan takes Thebes within a few days. | Bonn p.160 |
| AD 1436 – 1437 | Constantinople | Zoe, daughter of Paraspondylis, enters Constantinople and marries Demetrios. | Bonn p.161 |
| AD 1436 – 1437 | War breaks out again between Constantine and his brothers Theodore and Thomas (after envoys were sent, "bellum exarsit"). | Bonn p.162 | |
| AD 1438 | Venice | John VIII's party arrives in Venice (8 February, 2 pm). | Bonn p.181 |
| AD 1438 | Venice | John VIII's party leaves Venice by ship for Ferrara. | Bonn p.187 |
| AD 1443 | Constantinople | Demetrios leads an army and besieges Constantinople. | Bonn p.194 |
| AD 1443 | Constantinople | Despot Constantine leaves Constantinople for the Peloponnese. | Bonn p.196 |
| AD 1444 | Varna | The king of Hungary (Battle of Varna) is defeated and killed by the Ottoman army. | Bonn p.197 |
| AD 1446 | Sparta | Sphrantzes is appointed governor (praefectura) of the Sparta region. | Bonn p.200 |
| AD 1446 | Hexamilion (Isthmus of Corinth) | Murad's (Amerath's) army attacks and takes the Hexamilion wall on the Isthmus of Corinth (10 December). | Bonn p.202 |
| AD 1446 | Patras | After the Hexamilion falls, Murad's army occupies and burns Patras. | Bonn p.203 |
| AD 1448 | Selymbria | Despot Theodore dies of plague at Selymbria and is moved to Constantinople for burial. | Bonn p.203 |
| AD 1448 | Constantinople | Emperor John VIII dies (31 October). | Bonn p.203 |
| AD 1449 | Sparta | Constantine receives the imperial crown (augustalis corona) at Sparta. | Bonn p.205 |
| AD 1451 | Ottoman Sultan Murad II dies. | Bonn p.210 | |
| AD 1452 | Constantinople | Mehmed II arrives with a large army and besieges Constantinople. | Bonn p.237 |
| AD 1453 | Galata | The Ottomans cut a road over the hill behind Galata and drag ships over on greased supports, setting them down in the harbor. | III.4 (조각 줄 17) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | The Ottomans build a bridge 100 feet long and 50 feet wide, mount a siege tower on it, bring ships alongside and begin to strike the harbor-side wall. | III.4 (조각 줄 48) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | The emperor holds a council and assigns the wall sectors to commanders; Theophilos Palaiologos is given the area near the Selymbria Gate. | III.4 (조각 줄 80) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | The Venetian Giacomo Coco attempts a night raid with three ships (Greek fire devices) but fails; 40 youths die and are executed by the Ottomans the next morning. The emperor then has 260 Turkish prisoners executed. A quarrel arises between Venetians and Genoese. | III.4 (조각 줄 183) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | The Ottoman great helepolis (siege tower) on the hill of St. Theodore (opposite Galata) burns and sinks one main Christian ship at the harbor mouth; the ships had earlier withdrawn toward Galata. | III.4 (조각 줄 266) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | After his order (the evening of 27 May: fast and bathe), Mehmed addresses his soldiers the next evening, promising them the city for three days. | III.5 (조각 줄 590) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | Around the second cockcrow the general assault begins without signal; attacking at once with the helepolis, ladders and ships, they fight fiercely for nearly two hours. | III.7 (조각 줄 909) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | The Genoese commander Giustiniani is hit by an arrow in the right foot, leaves his post, crosses to Galata and dies there; the commander's departure unsettles the troops. | III.7 (조각 줄 1015) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | The janissary Hasan (Chasanes) climbs the wall with about 30 men and drives back the defenders, then is struck down by a stone. The Ottomans then take the wall, and the defenders who abandoned the outer wall crowd to the gate and are pushed into the city. | III.7 (조각 줄 1067) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | The Ottomans set up a great helepolis near the Gate of St. Romanus, bring the wall down, and first enter the city through the breach. | III.8 (조각 줄 1129) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | Cretan sailors hold out in two towers, then come down on a promise that they may leave with their ships and goods; persuading them takes time. | III.8 (조각 줄 1154) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | The Ottomans take control of the whole city; the text records the hour of the fall as the second and a half hour of the third day. | III.8 (조각 줄 1164) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | After the fall come plunder and the taking of captives; women and clergy are dragged from churches, and the destruction and looting of sacred objects continue (the text's account). | III.8 (조각 줄 1165) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | The emperor (text: imperator, dominus meus) is killed in battle; his body is identified by the imperial boots and gold eagle ornaments and buried with imperial ceremony. The text gives his life as 49 years, 3 months and 20 days. | III.9 (조각 줄 1261) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | Grand Duke Notaras offers Mehmed gold, jewels and other wealth and begs for his life; Mehmed has him jailed on the spot, then summons him again the next day to question and rebuke him. | III.9 (조각 줄 1273) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | Mehmed executes Notaras and his two sons in the square (the "Dry Hill square"), killing the sons first and then Notaras himself. | III.9 (조각 줄 1352) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | Mehmed jails Ali Pasha in a tower and has him killed a few days later; the text says the reason was that he had advised against attacking the city. | III.9 (조각 줄 1360) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | Celebrating his victory, Mehmed proclaims that those who had hidden may return home and live as before by their own customs and religion, and has a patriarch elected. | III.11 (조각 줄 1680) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | Bishops and clergy elect the scholar George Scholarios (then a layman) as patriarch; his name becomes Gennadios, and Mehmed gives him the patriarchal staff (pedum). | III.11 (조각 줄 1700) |
| AD 1453 | Constantinople | Mehmed brings settlers from Caffa, Trebizond, Sinope and Asprokastron to repopulate the city (the text's Turkish word "surgunides"). | III.11 (조각 줄 1829) |
| AD 1453 | Sparta | The author Sphrantzes himself is captured by the Ottomans, sold and taken to Sparta in the Peloponnese; his wife and children are also captured and sold. Mehmed is said to have paid a large sum to buy the children (the text). | IV.1 (조각 줄 1875) |
| AD 1453 | Peloponnesus | The Albanians of the Peloponnese rebel against their ruler and set up Manuel Kantakouzenos as despot. | Lib.IV cap.XIV §14 (p.383) |
| AD 1453 | Peloponnesus | Turakhan's son Amerath comes with an army and attacks and weakens the Albanians, then returns with prisoners. | Lib.IV cap.XIV §14 (p.383) |
| AD 1455 | Athenae | The army of the Ottoman ruler (written Amerath) occupies Athens. | Lib.IV cap.XIV (p.385) |
| AD 1458 | Corinthus | On 15 May the ruler enters the Peloponnese, orders an attack on Corinth, and advances sweeping through the central region himself. | Lib.IV cap.XV (p.387) |
| AD 1458 | Corinthus | Two Corinth commanders surrender the city without a fight (6 August). | Lib.IV cap.XV (p.387~388) |
| AD 1460 | Sparta | Demetrios, despot of Sparta, appears before the ruler and surrenders, and Sparta passes over. | Lib.IV cap.XVI (p.395) |
| AD 1460 | Corcyra | Despot Thomas sails from Corcyra (Corfu) across to Ancona. | Lib.IV cap.XIX (p.411) |
| AD 1462 | Naupactus | Amerath invades and occupies the Aetolian region opposite Naupaktos (with a Venetian counterattack). | Lib.IV cap.XIX (p.413) |
| AD 1463 – 1464 | Monembasia | Venice takes Monemvasia (the text blames neglect of its defense). | Lib.IV cap.XX (p.415) |
| AD 1466 | Crua(Krujë) | The Ottomans campaign in Albania, defeat the side of leader Skanderbeg, occupy and devastate everything, and build a fortress near Kruja. | Lib.IV cap.XXII (p.426) |
| AD 1466 | Imbros | The Venetian fleet commander Capello takes the island of Imbros. | Lib.IV cap.XXII (p.426) |
| AD 1466 | Athenae | Capello comes again to Athens and takes control of the whole city. | Lib.IV cap.XXII (p.426) |
| AD 1466 | Patrae | Amerath routs the Venetian-side army near Patras and captures and kills the fleet commander (defeat in August). | Lib.IV cap.XXII (p.427) |
| AD 1470 | Euboea | The ruler attacks Euboea and takes the town (oppidum) on 12 July; the surrounding places also surrender. | Lib.IV cap.XXIII (p.448) |
| AD 1475 | Caffa(Feodosiya) | The Ottoman fleet and army take Caffa, a great city on the northern Black Sea shore. | Lib.IV cap.XXIII (p.451) |
| AD 1476 | Valachia | The ruler campaigns in Wallachia but fails and returns (the text says he came back more like the loser than the victor). | Lib.IV cap.XXIII (p.451) |
| AD 1477 | Naupactus | The ruler sends a large army aiming to take Naupaktos and attack "holy Maura", but fails and returns empty-handed. | Lib.IV cap.XXIII (p.452) |