Xenophon, Hellenica: a Standard history source. Covers 411 BC – 362 BC, with 200 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.
| Type | Standard history |
|---|---|
| Viewpoint | Insider account |
| Years covered | 411 BC – 362 BC |
| Events | 200 events, 183 placed on the map |
| Author | Xenophon |
| Original title | Ἑλληνικά |
Regions: Southern Europe 145 · West Asia 55
| Year | Place | Event | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 411 BC | Hellespont | When Timocharis comes from Athens with his ships, Lacedaemonians and Athenians fight a naval battle again; the Lacedaemonians win under the command of Agesandridas. | 1.1.1 |
| 411 BC | Abydos | On the shore of Abydos the Athenian and Peloponnesian fleets fight all day; Alcibiades joins with eighteen ships and secures the advantage. (Pharnabazus rides his horse into the sea to help.) | 1.1.5–1.1.6 |
| 411 BC | Sardis | Tissaphernes seizes Alcibiades and imprisons him at Sardis. Thirty days later Alcibiades escapes by night and flees to Clazomenae. | 1.1.9–1.1.10 |
| 410 BC | Cardia | The Athenian army at Sestos withdraws by night to Cardia; Alcibiades joins them from Clazomenae. | 1.1.11 |
| 410 BC | Parion | Theramenes and Thrasyllus join; eighty-six ships gather at Parion, and they sail by night to Proconnesus. | 1.1.12–1.1.13 |
| 410 BC | Cyzicus | Off Cyzicus they catch sixty ships of Mindarus; Alcibiades lands on the coast, kills Mindarus, and captures most of the Peloponnesian fleet. | 1.1.16–1.1.18 |
| 410 BC | Cyzicus | Alcibiades stays twenty days at Cyzicus, receives much money, and returns to Proconnesus. | 1.1.20 |
| 410 BC | Chrysopolis | At Chrysopolis in Chalcedon they set up a fortress and a toll station, collecting a tithe from ships entering and leaving the Black Sea, and leave thirty ships and two generals there. | 1.1.22 |
| 410 BC | Decelea | Agis attacks from Decelea up to the walls of Athens; Thrasyllus stations his army beside the Lyceum to face him, and Agis withdraws. | 1.1.33 |
| 409 BC | Thoricus | The Athenians fortify Thoricus; Thrasyllus leads his army out and sails to Ionia. (This stretch conflicts with the traditional dating by the Olympiad 93 and the archon Euctemon.) | 1.2.1 |
| 409 BC | Pygela | Thrasyllus invades Pygela and attacks its walls; when a Miletan relief force comes, his light-armed troops scattered in pursuit are defeated. | 1.2.2 |
| 409 BC | Colophon | Marching from Notium to Colophon, Colophon becomes subject to Athens. By night they raid Lydia and burn several villages. | 1.2.4 |
| 409 BC | Ephesus | Thrasyllus goes to Ephesus and splits his forces to attack from the foot of Coressus and from the marsh side, but he is repulsed by the Ephesian and Syracusan troops and loses about a hundred men. | 1.2.7–1.2.9 |
| 408 BC | Lampsacus | In winter at Lampsacus, Alcibiades tries to organize the army into a single force, but his old soldiers do not want to mix with Thrasyllus's soldiers. | 1.2.15 |
| 408 BC | Proconnesus | When winter ends and spring comes, the whole Athenian army sails to Proconnesus (year 22 of the war, in the ephorate of Pantacles and the archonship of Antigenes). | 1.3.1 |
| 408 BC | Calchedon | They set up camp near Chalcedon; the Chalcedonians have entrusted their property to the Thracians of Bithynia. | 1.3.2 |
| 408 BC | Calchedon | Alcibiades makes a treaty with the Bithynians and blockades Chalcedon with a palisade. The Lacedaemonian governor Hippocrates sallies out and dies in battle. | 1.3.4–1.3.6 |
| 408 BC | Selymbria | After Alcibiades takes Selymbria, he comes to Byzantium and gathers Thracian troops and some three hundred cavalry. | 1.3.10 |
| 408 BC | Byzantium | The Athenian army encircles Byzantium with a palisade and attacks. The governor Clearchus crosses over to meet Pharnabazus. | 1.3.14–1.3.15 |
| 408 BC | Byzantium | At night the traitors in Byzantium open the gate by the Thracian square to the Athenian army. Helixus and Koiratadas surrender and are sent to Athens. | 1.3.20–1.3.22 |
| 407 BC | Gordium | Pharnabazus and the Athenian envoys spend the winter at Gordium in Phrygia, where they hear the news of the fall of Byzantium. | 1.4.1 |
| 407 BC | In spring, on the way to the king, they meet Lacedaemonian envoys returning, and Cyrus, who is coming to rule the whole coast. | 1.4.2–1.4.3 | |
| 407 BC | Piraeus | Alcibiades sails via Paros and Gytheion and enters Piraeus on the day of the Plynteria; the citizens pour out to meet him. | 1.4.11–1.4.13 |
| 407 BC | Andros | Four months after his return, he sails to rebellious Andros with 1500 infantry, 150 cavalry, and 100 ships, lands at Gaurion, drives the enemy into the city, and sets up a victory monument. | 1.4.21–1.4.23 |
| 407 BC | Ephesus | Lysander passes Rhodes, Cos, and Miletus and stations seventy ships at Ephesus; he meets Cyrus and raises the sailors' pay by one obol. | 1.5.1–1.5.7 |
| 406 BC | Notium | While Alcibiades goes to see Thrasybulus at Phocaea, Antiochus passes by Ephesus and fights a battle; the Athenians lose fifteen ships at Notium. | 1.5.11–1.5.14 |
| 406 BC | Miletus | Callicratidas takes over the fleet from Lysander and gathers it at Miletus, and asks Cyrus for pay, but is only told to wait two days. (A lunar eclipse, a fire in the old temple of Athena at Athens, the archonship of Callias.) | 1.6.1–1.6.7 |
| 406 BC | Methymna | Methymna refuses to surrender, and Callicratidas takes it by storm; the Greeks are not to be sold, so only the Athenian garrison and slaves are sold. | 1.6.13–1.6.14 |
| 406 BC | Mytilene | Conon loses thirty ships at the mouth of the harbor of Mytilene, and his remaining forty ships are dragged up under the walls and blockaded. | 1.6.16–1.6.18 |
| 406 BC | Arginusae | An Athenian relief fleet of more than 110 ships passes Samos and dines on the Arginusae islands; Callicratidas, with 120 ships, dines at Malea on Lesbos. | 1.6.24–1.6.28 |
| 406 BC | Arginusae | Battle of Arginusae: Callicratidas is thrown into the sea and dies, and the Peloponnesian fleet is routed. Athens loses twenty-five ships, the Laconians nine, and allied ships more than sixty. | 1.6.33–1.6.34 |
| 406 BC | Athens | Right after the Apaturia festival, at the Athenian assembly, Callixeinus's motion to try the six generals together is carried. | 1.7.8–1.7.9 |
| 405 BC | Chios | In winter the starving soldiers plot to plunder Chios by means of reed signals; Etheonichus puts down the plot by killing the man holding the reed, and collects money from the Chians to pay the troops. | 2.1.1–2.1.5 |
| 405 BC | Ephesus | Lysander arrives at Ephesus and calls Etheonichus from Chios to reorganize the fleet; he builds new ships at Antandrus and goes to Cyrus to ask for pay. | 2.1.10–2.1.12 |
| 405 BC | Lampsacus | Lysander sails from Rhodes along the Ionian coast to the Hellespont; passing Abydos, he takes and plunders Lampsacus by assault. | 2.1.17–2.1.19 |
| 405 BC | Sestus | Hearing of the fall of Lampsacus, the Athenian 180 ships go from Elaeus to Sestos and anchor at Aegospotami opposite it. | 2.1.20–2.1.21 |
| 405 BC | Aegospotami | For four days the Athenians sail out, but Lysander does not engage and they return each time. Alcibiades's advice is brushed aside by the generals. | 2.1.23–2.1.26 |
| 405 BC | Aegospotami | On the fifth day, when the Athenians are scattered, Lysander attacks at full speed and captures almost the entire fleet on the shore; Conon escapes with nine ships. | 2.1.27–2.1.29 |
| 405 BC | Byzantium | After settling Lampsacus, Lysander goes to Byzantium and Chalcedon, receives their surrender, and withdraws the Athenian garrisons. | 2.2.1 |
| 405 BC | Lesbos | With 200 ships Lysander puts Mytilene and the other places on Lesbos in order, and sends Etheonichus to the Thracian coast. | 2.2.5 |
| 405 BC | Athens | Agis and Pausanias camp at the Academy of Athens, and Lysander blockades Piraeus. | 2.2.7–2.2.9 |
| 404 BC | Sparta | At the Spartan assembly the peace terms are put forward: tear down the Long Walls and the walls of Piraeus, keep only twelve ships, and so on, and it is agreed not to enslave Athens. | 2.2.20 |
| 404 BC | Piraeus | Lysander sails into Piraeus, the exiles return, and the demolition of the walls begins to the sound of flutes. | 2.2.23 |
| 404 BC | Samos | Lysander besieges Samos, forces its surrender, and returns the city to its old citizens. | 2.3.6 |
| 404 BC | Sparta | Lysander gives the Laconian ships, the triremes of Piraeus, and 470 talents to Sparta. (The end of summer, closing the war at twenty-eight years and six months.) | 2.3.8–2.3.9 |
| 403 BC | Phyle | Thrasybulus sets out from Thebes with about seventy men and captures the fortress of Phyle. The attack of the Thirty is foiled by heavy snow. | 2.4.2–2.4.3 |
| 403 BC | Phyle | With the Phyle force swelled to 700, they descend by night and at dawn attack the camp of the Thirty and win. | 2.4.5–2.4.6 |
| 403 BC | Munichia | About a thousand of the Phyle force enter Piraeus and assemble on Munichia hill. | 2.4.10–2.4.11 |
| 403 BC | Munichia | Battle of Munichia: Critias falls, and the forces of the Thirty are routed. | 2.4.19 |
| 403 BC | Piraeus | While pursuing, Pausanias is driven back by the light-armed and heavy-armed troops of Piraeus; he sets up a victory monument. | 2.4.34–2.4.35 |
| 403 BC | Athens | The fifteen Spartan envoys and Pausanias conclude a reconciliation treaty. The people of the Piraeus climb the Acropolis and sacrifice. | 2.4.38–2.4.39 |
| 402 BC | Elis | Sparta sends Agis to punish Elis; Agis invades Elis with his army, but an earthquake forces him to withdraw. | 3.2.21–3.2.24 |
| 401 BC | Eleusis | When Eleusis hires mercenaries, the whole Athenian army marches out and kills the generals at the negotiation. | 2.4.43 |
| 401 BC | Cyrus sends envoys to Sparta asking for friendship, as during the war with Athens; the ephors consider this just and give instructions. | 3.1.1 | |
| 401 BC | Elis | The following year Agis enters Aulon, sacrifices at Olympia, and besieges the city of Elis. Thrasydaeus raises the democratic faction and strikes back. | 3.2.25–3.2.28 |
| 400 BC | At the request of the Ionian cities, Thibron is sent to Asia Minor with 1000 helots and 4000 Peloponnesians. | 3.1.4 | |
| 400 BC | Larisa | Thibron besieges Larisa, an Egyptian-style city, and digs a mine to the well, which fails; by order of the ephors he withdraws. | 3.1.7 |
| 400 BC | Elis | Elis submits, accepting the demolition of the walls of Pharae and Cyllene, and the independence of the Triphylian cities. | 3.2.30 |
| 399 BC | Ephesus | Thibron, preparing to march to Caria, hands command to Derkylidas at Ephesus, returns home, and is exiled. | 3.1.8 |
| 399 BC | Aeolis | Derkylidas marches into Aeolis, the territory of Pharnabazus, without harming his friend's land; this is where Mania had ruled. | 3.1.10 |
| 399 BC | Larisa | Within a single day the three coastal cities of Larisa, Hamaxitus, and Colonae surrender of their own accord. | 3.1.16 |
| 399 BC | Cebren | The garrison commander of Cebren does not open the gate, so they prepare to attack; an attempt to cut off the spring of Athenadas fails, but in the end the city surrenders. | 3.1.17–3.1.19 |
| 399 BC | Scepsis | Meidias cannot resist the will of the citizens; Derkylidas enters Scepsis, sacrifices to Athena, and returns the city to its citizens. | 3.1.21 |
| 399 BC | Heraea | Agis dedicates offerings at Delphi and returns, but falls ill at Heraea and dies at Sparta. | 3.3.1 |
| 398 BC | Bithynia | Derkylidas winters in Thracian Bithynia and plunders Bithynia. After the Odrysian cavalry and light troops join as allies, the Bithynians attack at dawn some two hundred Greek heavy infantry who were guarding the camp. | 3.2.2–3.2.3 |
| 398 BC | Chersonese | He builds a wall across the Chersonese isthmus (thirty-seven stadia) to stop the Thracian raids, protecting eleven or twelve cities. | 3.2.10 |
| 398 BC | Sparta | Less than a year after Agesilaus's accession, a seer reads a plot by Cinadon in the sacrificial victims; the ephors arrest Cinadon on information from an informer. | 3.3.4–3.3.8 |
| 397 BC | Atarneus | Derkylidas attacks Atarneus, a fortress held by Chian exiles who had been plundering Ionia. | 3.2.11 |
| 397 BC | Maeander | On the plain of the Maeander river he faces the army led by Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus. In the talks, he offers terms: independence for the cities versus withdrawal. | 3.2.14–3.2.20 |
| 396 BC | Aulis | At Aulis in Boeotia, Agesilaus is sacrificing when the Boeotarchs throw the sacrificial offerings from the altar, halting the rite. | 3.4.3–3.4.4 |
| 396 BC | Ephesus | At Ephesus, a truce agreement is reached with Tissaphernes, with the demand that the cities be independent. | 3.4.5–3.4.6 |
| 395 BC | Phrygia | While Tissaphernes, reporting an invasion of Caria, moves his forces, Agesilaus marches into Phrygia. | 3.4.12 |
| 395 BC | Dascyleium | In a cavalry battle near Dascyleium the Greeks lose twelve men and are chased, but Agesilaus rescues them and wins. | 3.4.13–3.4.14 |
| 395 BC | Sardis | Near the river Pactolus, not far from Sardis, Agesilaus defeats the Persian cavalry and takes their camp. | 3.4.21–3.4.24 |
| 395 BC | Sardis | Because Tissaphernes is at Sardis, Persia suspects betrayal; the king sends Tithraustes with orders for his execution. | 3.4.25 |
| 395 BC | Cyme | On the plain of Cyme, when Sparta entrusts him with the naval command, Agesilaus has 120 ships built and appoints his brother-in-law Peisander as admiral. | 3.4.27–3.4.29 |
| 395 BC | Thebes | Titraustes sends Timocrates of Rhodes to Greece to scatter gold and incite a war against Sparta. | 3.5.1 |
| 395 BC | Haliartus | The ephors send Lysander to Phocis, to join at Haliartus, and Pausanias also sets out on campaign. | 3.5.6 |
| 395 BC | Athens | After a speech by a Theban envoy, the Athenian assembly votes unanimously to help Thebes. | 3.5.16 |
| 395 BC | Haliartus | Under the walls of Haliartus, the Theban army rushes in; Lysander falls and the Spartan army is routed. | 3.5.19 |
| 395 BC | Phrygia | In early autumn Agesilaus reaches Phrygia, the territory of Pharnabazus, and plunders and occupies it. | 4.1.1 |
| 395 BC | Paphlagonia | At the urging of Spithridates he goes to Paphlagonia and makes an alliance with its king Otys. Otys leaves him a thousand cavalry and two thousand light troops. | 4.1.3 |
| 394 BC | Dascyleium | Agesilaus spends the winter in Pharnabazus's palace at Dascyleium. | 4.1.15 |
| 394 BC | Caue | Herippidas attacks the camp of Pharnabazus at Caue at dawn and takes it, but he seizes the spoils, and Spithridates defects. | 4.1.24–4.1.28 |
| 394 BC | Dascyleium | Through Apollophanes's mediation, Agesilaus and Pharnabazus hold a meeting; Pharnabazus protests that the friend who protected him was attacked. | 4.1.30–4.1.33 |
| 394 BC | Hellespont | Agesilaus crosses the Hellespont and marches through Europe along the route Xerxes took. | 4.2.8 |
| 394 BC | Nemea | The Lacedaemonian army advances from Sicyon, and the Corinthian allied army from Nemea. | 4.2.14 |
| 394 BC | Corinth | The Lacedaemonians sacrifice a goat to Artemis, charge, and crush the allied forces, including the Athenians and Argives (the Battle of Corinth). | 4.2.20–4.2.21 |
| 394 BC | Amphipolis | At Amphipolis Derkylidas receives news of the Lacedaemonian great victory (eight dead). | 4.3.1 |
| 394 BC | Thessaly | Passing through Thessaly, they defeat the hostile Thessalian cavalry at Larisa and Pharsalus, and set up a victory monument between Phrasa and Narthacion. | 4.3.3–4.3.9 |
| 394 BC | Cnidus | At the entrance to Boeotia comes news of the naval battle of Cnidus: Peisander, defeated by Conon and Pharnabazus (the Phoenician fleet), fell in battle. | 4.3.10–4.3.12 |
| 394 BC | Coronea | On the plain of Coronea Agesilaus and the Theban army meet; the Thebans break through the Orchomenian troops and get among the baggage train, but Agesilaus wins a frontal battle and is wounded. | 4.3.16–4.3.20 |
| 393 BC | Cythera | In the following spring Pharnabazus and Conon sail past the islands, use Melos as a base, raid the Laconian coast, take Cythera, and place a garrison there. | 4.8.7–4.8.8 |
| 393 BC | Piraeus | Conon provides his own sailors and funds to rebuild the Long Walls and the walls of the Piraeus at Athens. | 4.8.10 |
| 392 BC | Corinth | Athens, Boeotia, and Argos continue the war based at Corinth; the Lacedaemonian side uses Sicyon as its base. | 4.4.1 |
| 392 BC | Corinth | The radical faction in Argos and Corinth attacks the moderates with swords, even during assembly, theater, and trials, and massacres them. | 4.4.3 |
| 392 BC | Lechaeum | Pasimelus and Alcimenes let Praxitas inside the long walls, and Praxitas tears down part of the long wall on the Lechaeum side to make a passage. | 4.4.7–4.4.8 |
| 392 BC | Sicyon | The Argive army defeats the Sicyonian army and chases it to the sea, but Praxitas's side counterattacks and massacres many. | 4.4.10–4.4.11 |
| 392 BC | Antalcidas presents Tiribazus at Sardis with a peace plan with the king. Athens and others oppose it, fearing the loss of Lemnos and other places. | 4.8.14–4.8.15 | |
| 391 BC | Argos | Agesilaus invades Argos, plunders its entire territory, and marches on to Corinth. | 4.4.19 |
| 391 BC | Corinth | Hearing a Corinthian exile, Agesilaus aims at Piraeum, the place where the cattle were kept, invades Corinthian territory again, and holds the Isthmian games in honor of Poseidon. | 4.5.1–4.5.2 |
| 391 BC | Piraeum | When Agesilaus takes the heights of Piraeum, the inhabitants flee to Heraeon, and captives pour out. | 4.5.5–4.5.6 |
| 391 BC | Aeolis | In an ambush by Struthas, Tibrones and Thersander and others fall. | 4.8.19 |
| 390 BC | Lechaeum | A Lacedaemonian mora, escorting soldiers returning from the sanctuary of Amyclae and on its way back to Lechaeum, is routed by Iphicrates's light troops with their spears. | 4.5.11–4.5.17 |
| 389 BC | Calydon | When the Achaeans ask for help in defending Calydon, Agesilaus leads an expedition into Acarnania. | 4.6.1–4.6.4 |
| 389 BC | Acarnania | Agesilaus marches 160 stadia and seizes cattle grazing in the meadows by the lake, but the Acarnanian light troops pelt them with stones and spears from the mountains and cause difficulties; they counterattack and set up a victory monument. | 4.6.6–4.6.12 |
| 389 BC | Hellespont | The Athenian Thrasybulus sails with forty ships not to Rhodes but to the Hellespont, reconciles the Thracian princes, and collects the tithe of Byzantium again. | 4.8.25–4.8.27 |
| 389 BC | Mytilene | At Lesbos Thrasybulus defeats Therimachus, the governor of Mytilene, and recovers other cities. | 4.8.28–4.8.29 |
| 389 BC | Aspendus | Thrasybulus is killed at Aspendus by the locals, who are angered by his soldiers' plundering. | 4.8.30 |
| 389 BC | Abydos | Iphicrates sallies from the Chersonese to attack Anaxibius, who had gone to Antandrus. | 4.8.35 |
| 389 BC | Abydos | On the plain of Cremaste, Iphicrates springs from an ambush and attacks Anaxibius's army by surprise; Anaxibius and twelve Lacedaemonian harmosts fall. | 4.8.37–4.8.39 |
| 388 BC | Argos | Agesipolis enters Nemea from Phlius and invades the Argive territory, and there were an earthquake and lightning. | 4.7.3–4.7.4 |
| 388 BC | Cape Zoster | At night Gorgopas pursues Eunomus's fleet and surprises it off Zoster Cape in Attica, capturing Athenian triremes. | 5.1.8–5.1.9 |
| 387 BC | Piraeus | With twelve ships, Teleutias raids the harbor of the Piraeus at night, captures merchant ships and triremes, and brings them to Aegina to be sold. | 5.1.19–5.1.24 |
| 387 BC | Abydos | Antalcidas returns from Tiribazus at Sardis and goes to Abydos, where he ambushes and captures eight Athenian ships, swelling his forces. | 5.1.25–5.1.26 |
| 387 BC | Tiribazus shows the king's seal and decree and has them read to representatives of each state: the Asian cities, Clazomenae, and Cyprus belong to the king; the other Greek cities are to be independent. | 5.1.30–5.1.31 | |
| 386 BC | Tegea | Thebes insists on swearing in the name of all Boeotia, so Agesilaus persuades the ephors and gathers the expeditionary army at Tegea. | 5.1.32–5.1.33 |
| 385 BC | Mantinea | Sparta demands that Mantinea tear down its walls; when refused, an expedition under Agesipolis marches against it. | 5.2.3 |
| 385 BC | Mantinea | Agesipolis digs a ditch around the city and dams the river, soaking the foundations of the wall until it collapses; he forces Mantinea to dissolve into four villages. | 5.2.4–5.2.7 |
| 383 BC | Sparta | Envoys from Acanthus and Apollonia warn at Sparta about the growing power of Olynthus, and the assembly votes to call up an expeditionary army. | 5.2.11–5.2.20 |
| 382 BC | Thebes | At the Theban gymnasium outside the city walls, Phoebidas, at the urging of Leontiades, occupies the Cadmea at midday during the Thesmophoria. | 5.2.25–5.2.29 |
| 382 BC | Sparta | Sparta decides to keep garrisoning the Cadmea, puts Ismenias on trial, and sentences him to death. | 5.2.35 |
| 382 BC | Potidaea | Teleutias marches through Potidaea into Olynthian territory, and stops his phalanx ten stadia short of the city. | 5.2.39 |
| 382 BC | Olynthus | Battle under the walls of Olynthus: the Olynthian cavalry breaks the Laconian cavalry commander, but Derdas's cavalry counterattacks and wins. | 5.2.41–5.2.43 |
| 381 BC | Apollonia | The following spring six hundred Olynthian cavalry raid the territory of Apollonia but are driven back by Derdas, who chases them ninety stadia to their walls. | 5.3.1–5.3.2 |
| 381 BC | Olynthus | Before the walls of Olynthus, Teleutias, in anger, rashly pursues and falls. | 5.3.3–5.3.6 |
| 381 BC | Phlius | Agesilaus surrounds Phlius with a wall and besieges it, supporting the Phliasian exiles. | 5.3.16 |
| 381 BC | Aphytis | In midsummer Agesipolis falls ill with fever and is carried to the sanctuary of Dionysus at Aphytis, where he dies. | 5.3.19 |
| 379 BC | Phlius | After a long siege Agesilaus forces Phlius to surrender, and leaves the disposal of fifty exiles and fifty of the home citizens to others. | 5.3.24–5.3.25 |
| 379 BC | Olynthus | Olynthus, starved, sends an envoy to Sparta for peace and enters the Spartan alliance. | 5.3.26 |
| 379 BC | Thebes | Melon, an exile from Thebes, conspires with Philidas, returns from Athens, and murders the polemarchs Archias and others at a banquet. | 5.4.2–5.4.7 |
| 379 BC | Thebes | After declaring liberation, they open the prisons, and at daybreak all the citizens of Thebes gather and join them. | 5.4.9 |
| 379 BC | Thebes | The Spartan garrison in the Cadmea withdraws through negotiation, and any political opponents who come out are killed by the citizens. | 5.4.11 |
| 378 BC | Cynoscephalae | In the middle of winter Cleombrotus marches via the Eleutherae pass through Thespiae to Cynoscephalae; after staying sixteen days, he leaves Sphodrias there and returns home. | 5.4.14–5.4.15 |
| 378 BC | Attica | At the instigation of Thebes, Sphodrias invades Attica, but stays at Thria until dawn, plunders livestock, and withdraws. | 5.4.20 |
| 378 BC | Cithaeron | Agesilaus buys mercenaries from Cleitor, takes Cithaeron first, and invades the Theban territory from Thespiae. | 5.4.36–5.4.38 |
| 378 BC | Thebes | Thebes digs a trench and erects a palisade around the plain, but Agesilao encamps, wins in a cavalry battle, enters the palisade, and plunders. | 5.4.38–5.4.41 |
| 377 BC | Thespiae | Phoebidas, based at Thespiae, plunders Thebes, but is driven into a gorge by the Theban cavalry and dies. | 5.4.42–5.4.45 |
| 377 BC | Scolus | In the spring of the following year Agesilaus passes Plataea, goes by Erythrae and Scolus, and breaks through the palisade; the Theban army faces him from the hill. | 5.4.47–5.4.51 |
| 376 BC | Gerastus | Sparta organizes sixty ships and sends Polis as admiral to block the Athenian grain-ship route. | 5.4.61 |
| 375 BC | Corcyra | Athens gives Timotheus sixty ships to sail around the Peloponnese and subdues Corcyra (without enslavement or exile). | 5.4.63–5.4.64 |
| 375 BC | Alyzia | Off Alyzia, Nicolochus fights Timotheus's fleet, but Athens wins; a victory monument is set up on an island near the city. | 5.4.65 |
| 374 BC | Sparta | Polydamas of Pharsalus appeals in the Spartan assembly against the threat of Jason of Pherae. | 6.1.2–6.1.4 |
| 374 BC | Zacynthus | When Timotheus lands Zacynthian exiles on the way home, Sparta declares Athens to have violated the treaty and rebuilds its fleet. | 6.2.2–6.2.3 |
| 373 BC | Corcyra | Mnasippus lands on Corcyra, plunders the land, and blockades the city. | 6.2.5–6.2.7 |
| 373 BC | Corcyra | Athens sends Ctesicles with six hundred light-armed troops and prepares sixty ships; it dismisses Timotheus and appoints Iphicrates. | 6.2.10–6.2.13 |
| 373 BC | Corcyra | In battle before the city Mnasippus falls, the mercenaries disband, and the Spartan army withdraws from Corcyra. | 6.2.20–6.2.23 |
| 372 BC | Cephallenia | Iphicrates sails past Elis and the mouth of the Alpheus to Cephallenia, carrying out combat drills along the way. | 6.2.31–6.2.32 |
| 372 BC | Corcyra | Near Corcyra they capture ten ships of Dionysius and detain Chrysippus. | 6.2.35–6.2.36 |
| 371 BC | Sparta | Athenian and Theban envoys negotiate peace at Sparta. The generals withdraw from each other, and they swear an oath on the condition that the cities be independent. | 6.3.2–6.3.19 |
| 371 BC | Sparta | Thebes proposes writing 'Boeotians' instead of 'Thebans' in the treaty they had signed in the morning, but this is refused and Thebes is excluded from the peace. | 6.3.19 |
| 371 BC | Leuctra | Cleombrotus camps at Leuctra, and Thebes encamps on the hill opposite. | 6.4.4 |
| 371 BC | Leuctra | Battle of Leuctra: the Theban cavalry first breaks the Lacedaemonian cavalry, and the phalanx fifty shields deep charges; Cleombrotus and about four hundred Spartans fall, nearly a thousand dead in all. | 6.4.12–6.4.15 |
| 371 BC | Sparta | On the last day of the Gymnopaedia, news of the defeat at Leuctra reaches Sparta; the ephors, though grieving, do not stop the chorus. | 6.4.16 |
| 371 BC | Athens | Thebes asks Athens for reinforcements, but the Athenian council is cold. Jason, pretending to prepare triremes, goes overland to Boeotia. | 6.4.20–6.4.21 |
| 371 BC | Boeotia | Jason urges the Thebans not to make a full attack, and mediates a truce for Sparta. | 6.4.22–6.4.25 |
| 371 BC | Heracleia | On his way back Jason plunders Hyampolis and demolishes the walls of Heraclea Trachinia, cutting off Sparta's route into the north. | 6.4.27 |
| 370 BC | Pherae | Jason, preparing the Pythian games, is assassinated by seven young men during a review of cavalry. | 6.4.29–6.4.31 |
| 370 BC | Pherae | Jason's brothers Polydorus and Polyphron take over Thessaly, but both are killed one after the other, and Alexander becomes tyrant. | 6.4.33–6.4.35 |
| 370 BC | Mantinea | Mantinea decides to unite the city into one again and rebuild its walls; Agesilaus protests, but is rejected. | 6.5.3–6.5.5 |
| 370 BC | Eutaea | Agesilaus takes the border town of Eutaea, where only old men and women remain, and does not harm them. | 6.5.12 |
| 370 BC | Elymia | After attacking Orchomenus, the Mantinean army retreats, and at Elymia it fights the mercenaries of Polytropus, who falls. | 6.5.13–6.5.14 |
| 370 BC | Mantinea | Agesilaus encamps twenty stadia in front of Mantinea and stays three days, then withdraws to Eutaea. | 6.5.16–6.5.21 |
| 370 BC | Arcadia | At the request of Arcadia, Argos, and Elis, the Theban army joins in invading Laconia. | 6.5.23–6.5.24 |
| 370 BC | Oeum | Guided by people of Caryae, the Thebans invade and take Oeum; Ischolaus, who was guarding Oeum, cannot hold it. | 6.5.25–6.5.26 |
| 370 BC | Sellasia | The Theban army burns Sellasia, crosses the Eurotas in front of Sparta, and marches toward Amyclae. | 6.5.27–6.5.30 |
| 370 BC | Sparta | Before the walls of Sparta, they meet the Arcadian and Theban troops: the cavalry and three hundred young men in ambush counterattack. | 6.5.31 |
| 370 BC | Gytheium | The Theban army moves toward Gytheion via Helos and Gytheium; it burns cities without walls, and attacks Gytheion for three days. | 6.5.32 |
| 369 BC | Athens | In the Athenian assembly, envoys from Laconia, Corinth, and Phlius appeal for help to Sparta, and it is resolved to send Iphicrates as general. | 6.5.33–6.5.49 |
| 369 BC | Corinth | While Thebes retreats over Oneion, Iphicrates withdraws the Athenian army from Arcadia to Corinth. | 6.5.51 |
| 369 BC | Athens | Laconia and Athens discuss exchanging the command of the army and navy; Procles appeals, and Cephisodotus replies. | 7.1.1–7.1.14 |
| 369 BC | Oneum | Thebes attacks at dawn the allied force guarding Oneion on the Isthmus of Corinth, and defeats the Pellene and Spartan units. | 7.1.15–7.1.17 |
| 369 BC | Sicyon | The Theban and allied army attacks Sicyon and Pellene, plunders the territory of Epidaurus, and comes up to the gates of Corinth, where it suffers losses from the counterattack of light troops. | 7.1.18–7.1.19 |
| 369 BC | Sicyon | A detachment from Dionysius (about twenty triremes, Celts, Iberians, and cavalry) arrives and captures more than seventy men on the plain of Sicyon. | 7.1.20–7.1.22 |
| 368 BC | Laconia | The allied army of Sparta and Syracuse defeats the Arcadian and Argive forces in the 'battle without tears' near Melea in Laconia. | 7.1.29–7.1.32 |
| 367 BC | Pelopidas of Thebes receives from the Persian king a decree granting Messenian independence and landings of Athenian ships (the Athenian envoy Leon protests). | 7.1.34–7.1.37 | |
| 366 BC | Thebes | Thebes summons representatives from each city to hear the king's decree read, but is refused their oaths. | 7.1.39 |
| 366 BC | Achaea | Epaminondas leads an expedition to Achaea, makes an agreement with the aristocrats, and leaves the cities as they were. Afterward Thebes sends a governor who expels the aristocrats. | 7.1.42–7.1.43 |
| 366 BC | Sicyon | In Sicyon Euphron, with the help of Argive and Arcadian troops, sets up a democracy and becomes a tyrant. | 7.1.44–7.1.46 |
| 366 BC | Phlius | Argos fortifies Mount Trikaranon above Phlius, and Sicyon fortifies Thiamia, so Phlius falls into distress. | 7.2.1 |
| 366 BC | Phlius | The Theban governor attacks Phlius with the troops of Euphron, Sicyon, and Pellene, but Phlius's cavalry and elite troops hold them off and win. | 7.2.11–7.2.15 |
| 366 BC | Phlius | Since Phlius is in dire straits, they call Chares to escort a supply convoy, and together they defeat the enemy. | 7.2.18–7.2.20 |
| 366 BC | Sicyon | Euphron approaches Sparta but gives up; with Athenian mercenaries he retakes Sicyon and wins popular support. | 7.3.1–7.3.4 |
| 366 BC | Thebes | The exiled aristocrats follow Euphron to Thebes and assassinate him; in the Theban court the murderers are acquitted. | 7.3.5–7.3.12 |
| 366 BC | Oropus | When exiles seize Oropus, Athens sends troops, but Thebes intervenes and takes Oropus away. | 7.4.1 |
| 366 BC | Athens | Lycomedes persuades ten thousand Arcadian representatives to form an alliance with Athens, but he is assassinated on the way back. | 7.4.2–7.4.3 |
| 366 BC | Thebes | Corinthian envoys make a peace, not an alliance, with Thebes, and Phlius also withdraws from Thiamia. | 7.4.10–7.4.11 |
| 365 BC | Sellasia | Dionysius II sends twelve ships and Timocrates, helping Sparta recover Sellasia. | 7.4.12 |
| 365 BC | Olympia | The Arcadians fortify a palisade on the hill of Kronos and take Olympia, and conquer the Acroria town in Elean territory. | 7.4.14 |
| 365 BC | Cromnus | The Arcadians surround Cromnus with a double palisade, and Archidamus sets out to rescue it. After negotiations they stop, and later at night Sparta rescues those besieged. | 7.4.21–7.4.26 |
| 364 BC | Olympia | During the Olympic games, which were being run by Arcadians and the people of Pisa, the Elean army attacks from the opposite side, and a fierce battle breaks out within the sanctuary. | 7.4.28–7.4.31 |
| 364 BC | Arcadia | Over the use of Elean sacred property, Mantinea first votes against using sacred treasures, and the Arcadian league splits. | 7.4.33–7.4.35 |
| 363 BC | Tegea | At Tegea, after a peace oath, during a feast the Theban governor arrests the Arcadian leaders, but is forced by Mantinea's protest to release them. | 7.4.36–7.4.37 |
| 362 BC | Boeotia | Epaminondas leads the forces of Boeotia, Euboea, and Thessaly on a march into the Peloponnese. | 7.5.4 |
| 362 BC | Nemea | At Nemea the Athenian army waits to pass through; when it learns Athens has changed to a sea route, it camps at Tegea. | 7.5.6–7.5.7 |
| 362 BC | Sparta | Epaminondas makes a night march and surprises Sparta, but a Cretan informs Agesilaus, and the defense succeeds. | 7.5.9–7.5.10 |
| 362 BC | Mantinea | Epaminondas, learning in Sparta that Arcadian reinforcements have arrived, turns back and marches to Tegea. | 7.5.14 |
| 362 BC | Mantinea | Athenian cavalry from Eleusis fights the Theban cavalry outside the walls of Mantinea, protecting property outside the city. | 7.5.15 |
| 362 BC | Mantinea | On the plain of Mantinea, Epaminondas deploys his lines, then feigns laying down arms at the foot of the mountain, and charges in the shape of a trireme's ram. He himself falls, but the outcome of the battle remains unclear. | 7.5.21–7.5.25 |
| 362 BC | Mantinea | After the battle neither side gained territory, cities, or power, and Greece became more confused than before. | 7.5.26–7.5.27 |
원문·영역(Carleton L. Brownson): Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) — 대목 나누기·정리: 이 프로젝트
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