Xuanzang, Great Tang Records on the Western Regions

Xuanzang, Great Tang Records on the Western Regions: a Chronicle / record source. Covers AD 629 – 645, with 133 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.

TypeChronicle / record
ViewpointOutsider account
Years coveredAD 629 – 645
Events133 events, 44 placed on the map
Author玄奘 (Hiuen Tsiang) 구술·辯機 편, Samuel Beal 영역 1884
Original title大唐西域記

Regions: South Asia 113 · Central Asia 13 · China 7

Events

YearPlaceEventPassage
AD 629Chang'anXuanzang left Chang'an and, with a monk of Qinzhou (Tsing-chau, Gansu), reached that city and rested. (Preface: at age 26 he resolved to travel to the Western Regions.)Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Introduction (Beal) Chang'an
AD 629LiangzhouUnder escort of officials he reached Liangzhou (Liang-chau); Liangzhou was the gathering place of merchants from Tibet and from the lands east of the Pamirs (Congling), and Xuanzang made known to them his aim of seeking the Dharma.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Introduction (Beal) Liangzhou
AD 629GuazhouHe went west to Kwa-chau (Guazhou); from there, with a guide, he went north and crossed a river at night (the stretch just before leaving the country).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Introduction (Beal) Guazhou
AD 629Yiwu (Hami)After passing the border watchtower section, he reached the frontier of Yiwu (I-gu, Hami) and stopped.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Introduction (Beal) Yiwu (Hami)
AD 629 – 630Gaochang (Turfan)The king of Gaochang (Turfan) summoned Xuanzang; the king tried to keep him in his territory, failed, and sent him on to Agni.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Introduction (Beal) Gaochang (Turfan)
AD 629 – 630Agni (Karashahr)The king of Gaochang sent Xuanzang on to Agni (Karashahr), and from there he advanced to Kucha.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Introduction (Beal) Agni (Karashahr)
AD 630 – 631KuchaFrom Agni, about two hundred li to the southwest, crossing a small range and two large rivers and going west seven hundred li across a plain, he arrived at the country of Kiu-chi (Kucha).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Kucha
AD 630 – 631Baluka (Aksu)Leaving Kucha, about six hundred li west, crossing a small desert, he reached Baluka (Aksu); from east to west about six hundred li, from north to south three hundred li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Baluka (Aksu)
AD 630 – 631SuyabAbout five hundred li northwest of Tsing Lake, he reached a city on the banks of the Su-yeh River; its circumference is six or seven li, and merchants of the neighboring countries gathered there to live.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Suyab
AD 630 – 631TarazFrom Qianquan (Thousand Springs), one hundred forty to one hundred fifty li west, he reached the city of Taras; its circumference is eight or nine li, and merchants from many lands gathered there to live.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Taraz
AD 630 – 631NujkendAbout forty to fifty li south of the previous city, he reached the country of Nu-chih-kien (Nujkend); its circumference is about one thousand li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Nujkend
AD 630 – 631Chach (Tashkent)About two hundred li west he reached the city of Che-shi (Chach, Tashkent); its circumference is over one thousand li, and its western side borders the Ya River.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Chach (Tashkent)
AD 630 – 631FerghanaAbout one thousand li southeast of Chach lies the country of Fei-han (Ferghana); its circumference is about four thousand li, and mountains surround it on all sides.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Ferghana
AD 630 – 631SutrishnaOver one thousand li more to the west he reached the kingdom of Su-tu-li-sse-na (Sutrishna); its circumference is 1,400 to 1,500 li, and its east borders the Jaxartes (Ya) River.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Sutrishna
AD 630 – 631MaymurghFrom the previous country, to the southeast, lies the country of Mi-mo-ho (Maymurgh); its circumference is 400 to 500 li, and it lies in the middle of a valley.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Maymurgh
AD 630 – 631KabudhanGoing north he reached the country of K'ie-po-ta-na (Kabudhan); its circumference is 1,400 to 1,500 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Kabudhan
AD 630 – 631Ho-hanAbout two hundred li west he reached the country of Ho-han (Ho-han); the next is Pu-ho, four hundred li further west.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Ho-han
AD 630 – 631BukharaAbout four hundred li west he reached the country of Pu-ho (Bukhara); its circumference is over 1,600 li (numeral unclear in the OCR).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Bukhara
AD 630 – 631Fa-ti (Betik)About four hundred li west of Pu-ho he reached the country of Fa-ti (Betik).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Fa-ti (Betik)
AD 630 – 631KhwarazmAbout five hundred li southwest of Fa-ti he reached the country of Ho-li-sih-mi-kia (Khwarazm).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Khwarazm
AD 630 – 631Kesh (Shahrisabz)About three hundred li southwest of Samarkand he reached Ki-shwang-na (Kesh, Shahrisabz).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Kesh (Shahrisabz)
AD 630 – 631TermezCrossing the Oxus River and going south, he reached the kingdom of Ta-mo-sih-teh-ti (Termez); (the various countries of Tokhara are then listed).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Termez
AD 630 – 631BaghlanFrom the country of Hun (Kunduz), to the southwest, he reached the kingdom of Fo-kia-lang (Baghlan); about fifty li east to west and about two hundred li north to south.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Baghlan
AD 630 – 631BalkhGoing west he reached the country of Po-ho (Balkh); it is 800 li from east to west and 400 li from north to south, and the Oxus borders it on the north.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Balkh
AD 630 – 631JumadhaLeaving the capital and entering the snowy mountain slopes to the southwest, he reached the country of Jui-mo-to (Jumadha?); about fifty to sixty li from east to west and about one hundred li from north to south.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Jumadha
AD 630 – 631TalikanThe country of Ta-la-kien (Talikan): about five hundred li from east to west and fifty to sixty li from north to south; the capital's circumference is about ten li, and its west borders the frontier of Persia.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Talikan
AD 630 – 631GachiAbout one hundred li south of Balkh he reached K'ie-chi (Gachi).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Gachi
AD 630 – 631BamiyanLeaving the land of Tokhara and struggling on some six hundred li, he reached the kingdom of Fan-yen-na (Bamiyan); about two thousand li from east to west and three hundred li from north to south.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Bamiyan
AD 630 – 631KapisaCrossing the gorges of the snowy mountains and passing the Black Mountains (Siah Koh), he reached the country of Kapisa.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk I Kapisa
AD 631 – 632LamghanSome six hundred li east, passing mountains and valleys, skirting the Black Mountains and crossing the frontier of North India, he reached the country of Lan-po (Lamghan).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk II Lamghan
AD 631 – 632NagaraharaAbout one hundred li to the southeast, crossing a great mountain ridge and a wide river, he reached Na-kie-lo-ho (Nagarahara); 600 li from east to west, 250 to 260 li from north to south.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk II Nagarahara
AD 631 – 632Gandhara (Purushapura)About five hundred li to the southeast, across mountains and valleys, he reached the kingdom of Gandhara (Purushapura); about 1,000 li from east to west and 800 li from north to south (numeral unclear in the OCR).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk II Gandhara (Purushapura)
AD 631 – 632PushkalavatiAbout fifty li northeast of the monastery of King Kaniṣka, crossing a great river, he reached the city of Pu-shi-kie-lo-fa-ti (Pushkalavati); its circumference is 14 to 15 li, and it is very populous.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk II Pushkalavati
AD 631 – 633UdyanaGoing north from U-to-kia-han-ch'a (Udakhanda), over mountains and across a river, about six hundred li, he reached the kingdom of Udyana.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk III Udyana
AD 631 – 633MungaliThe kings of Udyana mostly made Mungali their capital; its circumference is 16 to 17 li, and its population is dense.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk III Mungali
AD 631 – 633BolorCrossing a plank road and going on some five hundred li, he reached the country of Po-lu-lo (Bolor); its circumference is about four thousand li, in the middle of the great snowy mountains.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk III Bolor
AD 631 – 633TaxilaAfter crossing a river he reached the kingdom of Takshasila; its circumference is about two thousand li and the capital's about ten li; the royal line had ended and the nobles were contending.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk III Taxila
AD 631 – 633SimhapuraGoing southeast over mountains and valleys seven hundred li, he reached the kingdom of Simhapura; its circumference is 3,500 to 3,600 li, and its west borders the Indus River.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk III Simhapura
AD 631 – 633UrasaFollowing the mountains southeast about five hundred li, he reached the country of Uras'a (Urasa); its circumference is about two thousand li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk III Urasa
AD 631 – 633KashmirAfter going more than one thousand li southeast from Urasa, passing mountains, cliffs and iron-chain bridges, he reached Kashmir.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk III Kashmir
AD 631 – 633PunachaPassing cliffs and mountains to the southwest, about seven hundred li, he reached the country of Pun-nu-tso (Punacha).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk III Punacha
AD 631 – 633RajapuriAbout four hundred li to the southeast he reached the kingdom of Rajapuri; its circumference is about four thousand li and the capital's about ten li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk III Rajapuri
AD 633 – 635TakkaAn introduction to the country of Tseh-kia (Takka): its circumference is about 10,000 li; on the east it borders the Vipasa River and on the west the Indus River.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk IV Takka
AD 633 – 635ChinapatiAbout five hundred li to the east he reached the country of Chi-na-pa-ti (Chinapati); its circumference is about two thousand li and the capital's about fourteen li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk IV Chinapati
AD 633 – 635KulutaCrossing dangerous roads and several valleys, about seven hundred li, he reached the country of K'iu-lu-to (Kuluta); its circumference is about three thousand li and it is surrounded by mountains.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk IV Kuluta
AD 633 – 635ParyatraAbout eight hundred li to the southwest he reached the kingdom of Pa-li-ya-ta-la (Paryatra).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk IV Paryatra
AD 633 – 635MathuraAbout five hundred li to the east he reached the country of Mo-t'u-lo (Mathura); its circumference is about five thousand li and the capital's is twenty li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk IV Mathura
AD 633 – 635SthanesvaraAbout five hundred li to the northeast he reached the country of Sa-tan-ni-sse-pi-lo (Sthanesvara); its circumference is about seven thousand li and the capital's a little over twenty li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk IV Sthanesvara
AD 633 – 635SrughnaAbout four hundred li to the northeast he reached the country of Su-lo-kun-na (Srughna); its circumference is about six thousand li, and on the east it borders the Ganges.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk IV Srughna
AD 633 – 635MatipuraCrossing a river and following its east bank, he reached the country of Ma-ti-pu-lo (Matipura); its circumference is about six thousand li and the capital's about twenty li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk IV Matipura
AD 633 – 635BrahmapuraAbout three hundred li north he reached the country of Brahmapura; circumference about 4,000 li, surrounded by mountains on all sides.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk IV Brahmapura
AD 633 – 635GovisanaAbout four hundred li southeast of Matipura he reached the country of Kiu-pi-shwang-na; circumference about 2,000 li, capital 14 to 15 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk IV Govisana
AD 633 – 635AhikshetraAbout four hundred li southeast he reached the country of Ahikshetra; circumference about 3,000 li, capital 17 to 18 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk IV Ahikshetra
AD 633 – 635VirasanaTwo hundred sixty to two hundred seventy li south, crossing a river, he went southwest to the country of Virasana; circumference about 2,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk IV Virasana
AD 633 – 635KapithaAn introduction to the country of Kapitha: its circumference is about 2,000 li and its capital a little over 20 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk IV Kapitha
AD 636 – 637Kanyakubja (Kanauj)Less than two hundred li northwest he reached the kingdom of Kanyakubja (Kanauj).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk V Kanyakubja (Kanauj)
AD 636 – 637AyodhyaAbout six hundred li southeast, crossing the Ganges, he reached Ayodhya to the south; circumference 5,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk V Ayodhya
AD 636 – 637PrayagaSeven hundred li southeast, passing the south bank of the Ganges, he reached the kingdom of Prayaga; circumference about 5,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk V Prayaga
AD 636 – 637KausambiHe reached the country of Kausambi; the distance in the text is 500 li (the translator's note holds that 50 li is correct).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk V Kausambi
AD 636 – 637VisakhaGoing about one hundred seventy to one hundred eighty li north, he reached the kingdom of Visakha; circumference about 4,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk V Visakha
AD 637SravastiAbout five hundred li northeast he reached the kingdom of Sravasti.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk VI Sravasti
AD 637KapilavastuAbout five hundred li southeast he reached the country of Kapilavastu; circumference about 4,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk VI Kapilavastu
AD 637RamagramaThree hundred li east, crossing a desolate jungle, he reached the kingdom of Lan-mo (Ramagrama).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk VI Ramagrama
AD 637VaranasiAfter passing through a great forest for five hundred li he reached the kingdom of Banaras (Varanasi).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk VII Varanasi
AD 637GhazipurAlong the Ganges, about three hundred li east, he reached the country of Chen-chu (Ghazipur); circumference about 2,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk VII Ghazipur
AD 637VaisaliCrossing the Ganges, one hundred forty to one hundred fifty li northeast, he reached the country of Vaisali; circumference about 5,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk VII Vaisali
AD 637VrijjiAbout five hundred li northeast he reached the country of Vrijji; circumference about 4,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk VII Vrijji
AD 637NepalCrossing mountains and entering valleys, fourteen hundred to fifteen hundred li, he reached the country of Nepala (Nepal); circumference about 4,000 li, in the middle of the snowy mountains.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk VII Nepal
AD 637 – 642MagadhaReturning to Vaisali and crossing the Ganges southward, he reached the country of Magadha.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk VIII-IX Magadha
AD 637 – 642PataliputraPataliputra: its old name was Kusumapura (because the palace had many flowers); later the name was changed to Pataliputra.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk VIII-IX Pataliputra
AD 637 – 642GayaHe arrived at the city of Gaya: a natural fortress with few inhabitants and about one thousand Brahmin households.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk VIII-IX Gaya
AD 637 – 642RajagrihaNear the northeast of the stone pillar, he reached Rajagriha (Ho-lo-shi-ki-li-hi); the outer city wall has crumbled.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk VIII-IX Rajagriha
AD 638 – 643HiranyaparvataPassing a great forest to the east, about two hundred li, he reached the country of Hiranyaparvata.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Hiranyaparvata
AD 638 – 643ChampaAlong the south bank of the Ganges, about three hundred li east, he reached the country of Champa; circumference about 4,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Champa
AD 638 – 643KajughiraAbout four hundred li east he reached the kingdom of Kajughira; circumference about 2,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Kajughira
AD 638 – 643PundravardhanaCrossing the Ganges, about six hundred li east, he reached the kingdom of Pundravarddhana; circumference about 4,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Pundravardhana
AD 638 – 643KamarupaCrossing a great river, about nine hundred li east, he reached the country of Kamarupa; circumference about 10,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Kamarupa
AD 638 – 643SamatataTwelve hundred to thirteen hundred li south, he reached the country of Samatata; circumference about 3,000 li, bordering the great sea.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Samatata
AD 638 – 643TamraliptiAbout nine hundred li west of Samatata he reached the country of Tamralipti; circumference 1,400 to 1,500 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Tamralipti
AD 638 – 643KarnasuvarnaAbout seven hundred li northwest he reached the country of Karnasuvarna; circumference 1,400 to 1,500 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Karnasuvarna
AD 638 – 643UdraAbout seven hundred li southwest he reached the country of U-cha (Udra); circumference about 7,000 li, capital about 20 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Udra
AD 638 – 643KonyodhaAbout 1,200 li southwest, passing a great forest, he reached the kingdom of Konyodha; circumference about 1,000 li, capital 20 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Konyodha
AD 638 – 643KalingaGoing 1,400 to 1,500 li, he reached the country of Kalinga; circumference about 5,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Kalinga
AD 638 – 643Kosala (south)Passing forests and mountains to the northwest, about 1,800 li, he reached the country of Kosala; circumference about 5,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Kosala (south)
AD 638 – 643AndhraThrough the great forest, going south about nine hundred li, he reached the country of Andhra; circumference about 3,000 li, capital about 20 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Andhra
AD 638 – 643DhanakatakaGoing south about one thousand li through a desert forest, he arrived at Dhanakataka.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Dhanakataka
AD 638 – 643ChulyaAbout one thousand li southwest he reached the kingdom of Chulya (Chola); circumference 2,400 to 2,500 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Chulya
AD 638 – 643DravidaSouth, through vast wilderness forests of fifteen hundred to sixteen hundred li, he reached the country of Dravida; circumference about 6,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Dravida
AD 638 – 643KanchipuraThe capital of Dravida, Kanchipura: circumference about 30 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Kanchipura
AD 638 – 643MalakutaAbout three thousand li south he reached the country of Malakuta; circumference about 5,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk X Malakuta
AD 639 – 642SimhalaAccording to what people say, from this port, by boat, about three thousand li southeast is the country of Simhala (Sri Lanka); this is hearsay, and it is not described as a place Xuanzang went to.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Simhala
AD 639 – 642KonkanapuraGoing more than two thousand li, he arrived at Konkanapura; circumference about 5,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Konkanapura
AD 639 – 642MaharashtraGoing two thousand four hundred to two thousand five hundred li, he reached the country of Maharashtra; circumference about 5,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Maharashtra
AD 639 – 642BharukachhaAbout one thousand li to the west, crossing the Narmada River, he reached the kingdom of Bharukachha; circumference 2,400 to 2,500 li, capital 20 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Bharukachha
AD 639 – 642MalavaAbout two thousand li to the northwest he reached the country of Malava; circumference about 6,000 li, capital about 30 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Malava
AD 639 – 642AtaliGoing 2,400 to 2,500 li to the northwest, he reached the kingdom of Atali; circumference about 6,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Atali
AD 639 – 642KachhaAbout three hundred li northwest of Malava he reached the country of Kachha.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Kachha
AD 639 – 642ValabhiAn introduction to the country of Valabhi: circumference about 6,000 li, capital about 30 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Valabhi
AD 639 – 642AnandapuraAbout seven hundred li northwest he reached Anandapura; circumference about 2,000 li, capital about 20 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Anandapura
AD 639 – 642SurashtraAbout five hundred li west of Valabhi he reached the country of Surashtra; circumference about 4,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Surashtra
AD 639 – 642GurjjaraAbout 1,800 li north of Valabhi he reached the kingdom of Gurjjara; circumference about 5,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Gurjjara
AD 639 – 642UjjayaniAbout 2,800 li southeast he reached Ujjayani; circumference about 6,000 li, capital about 30 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Ujjayani
AD 639 – 642Chi-ki-toAbout 1,000 li northeast he reached the kingdom of Chi-ki-to; circumference about 4,000 li, capital 15 to 16 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Chi-ki-to
AD 639 – 642MahesvarapuraAbout 900 li north he reached the kingdom of Mahesvarapura; circumference about 3,000 li, capital about 30 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Mahesvarapura
AD 639 – 642SindhAfter crossing the great river Sin-tu (Indus) and going about 1,900 li, he reached the kingdom of Sindh; circumference about 7,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Sindh
AD 639 – 642MultanAbout 900 li east, crossing the Sindh River and following its east bank, he reached the kingdom of Multan; circumference about 4,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Multan
AD 639 – 642ParvataAbout 700 li northeast he reached the country of Parvata; circumference a little over 5,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Parvata
AD 639 – 642AtyanabakelaLeaving Sindh and going southwest 1,500 to 1,600 li, he reached the kingdom of Atyanabakela.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Atyanabakela
AD 639 – 642LangalaLess than 2,000 li west he reached the country of Langala.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Langala
AD 639 – 642PersiaGoing northwest he reached the kingdom of Persia (Pa-la-sa); circumference tens of thousands of li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Persia
AD 639 – 642PitasilaHe reached the country of Pitasila; circumference about 3,000 li, capital about 20 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Pitasila
AD 639 – 642VaranaAbout 900 li northeast he reached the country of Varana; circumference about 4,000 li, capital about 20 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XI Varana
AD 643 – 645TsaukutaAn introduction to the country of Tsaukuta: circumference about 7,000 li; its capital, Ghazna, has a circumference of about 30 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Tsaukuta
AD 643 – 645ParsusthanaAn introduction to the kingdom of Parsusthana: about 2,000 li from east to west and 1,000 li from north to south; its capital is U-pi-na (Hupian).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Parsusthana
AD 643 – 645AndarabAfter three more days' journey, descending a pass, he reached Andarab; the former land of Tokhara, with a circumference of about 3,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Andarab
AD 643 – 645KhostFollowing valleys and mountain passes northwest for some four hundred li, he reached Khost, a former land of Tokhara.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Khost
AD 643 – 645Kunduz (return)The country of Hwoh (Kunduz), a former land of Tokhara (on the return journey).Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Kunduz (return)
AD 643 – 645MunjanAbout 100 li east he reached the country of Mung-kin (Munjan), former territory of Tokhara.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Munjan
AD 643 – 645AhrengGoing north he reached the country of 'O-li-ni.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Ahreng
AD 643 – 645RaghGoing east he reached the country of Ho-lo-hu, former territory of Tokhara; its north borders the Oxus River.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Ragh
AD 643 – 645KishmFrom Mung-kin, going east over high passes and deep valleys for some 300 li, he reached the country of Kishm.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Kishm
AD 643 – 645Bolor (return)Going northeast he reached the kingdom of Po-li-ho (Bolor), former territory of Tokhara.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Bolor (return)
AD 643 – 645HimatalaAbout 300 li east of Kishm he reached the country of Himatala.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Himatala
AD 643 – 645BadakshanAbout 200 li more he reached the kingdom of Badakshan, former territory of Tokhara.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Badakshan
AD 643 – 645YamganAbout 200 li southeast he reached the country of Yamgan, former territory of Tokhara.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Yamgan
AD 643 – 645KuranaPassing a narrow and dangerous road to the southeast, he reached the country of Kurana; circumference about 2,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Kurana
AD 643 – 645TamasthitiNortheast along a dangerous mountain road for some 500 li, he reached the kingdom of Tamasthiti, between two mountains.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Tamasthiti
AD 643 – 645ShikhnanCrossing a great mountain to the north he reached the country of Shikhnan; circumference about 2,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Shikhnan
AD 643 – 645Shang-miFollowing the great mountain south of Tamasthiti he reached the country of Shang-mi; circumference 2,500 to 2,600 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Shang-mi
AD 643 – 645KhabandhaClimbing mountains of nothing but ice and snow and passing beside cliffs for 500 li, he reached the country of K'ie-p'an-t'o; circumference about 2,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Khabandha
AD 643 – 645OchGoing northeast over the Congling and descending eastward, he reached the country of U-sha (Och); circumference about 1,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Och
AD 643 – 645KashgarPassing rocky mountains and deserts to the north, some 500 li, he reached the country of Kie-sha (Kashgar); circumference about 5,000 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Kashgar
AD 643 – 645YarkandAbout 500 li southeast, crossing the Sita River and passing great stone cliffs, he reached the country of Cho-kiu-kia (Yarkand); circumference about 1,000 li, capital about 10 li.Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.2 Bk XII Yarkand

Other sources of the same era

Show on the map — open Xuanzang, Great Tang Records on the Western Regions