6 events the sources record for this year, grouped by region.
What happened
China (2)
The garrison commander of Xiangyang, Liu Yi, rebelled, seized You Xian and others, and surrendered to the Song; the Song recovered Xiangyang and Fancheng. (History of Yuan (Yuanshi), Annals 元史 卷2 太宗 1238年)
In the ninth month the Mongol Chahan, with an army said to be eight hundred thousand, besieged Luzhou; he built boats at Xiaohu and raised a sixty-li earthwork outside the moat, but Du Gao defended with great effort. (Xu Zizhi Tongjian (Continuation of the Comprehensive Mirror) 권169 九月 단락169.31.0)
Korean Peninsula (1)
The Mongols reach Dongkyeong and burn the pagoda of Hwangnyong Temple. (Goryeosa (History of Goryeo) 世家 卷23 高宗 二十五年)
The Tatars enter the land of Ryazan, take Nuzla, and camp. (Novgorod First Chronicle litopys 기사 1238년)
Moscow («مسکو») was taken within a few days, and a man called «Ulai Temür» was killed. Then a large city was besieged for eight days and taken (the city name «بوری» is uncertain). (Rashid al-Din, Jami' al-tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles) 87460_djvu.txt 줄 5751–5753)