63 events the sources record for this year, grouped by region.
What happened
Korean Peninsula (1)
When the Mongol army crosses Daewon Pass, Chungju sends out elite troops and kills more than a thousand. (Goryeosa (History of Goryeo) 世家 卷24 高宗 四十二年)
West Asia (19)
Theodore II orders the monk Arsenios made patriarch of Nicaea (ordained within a week). (George Akropolites, History L10887-10889)
Baghdad (Baudas) was the seat of the caliph; the text records that in 1255 Hulagu gathered an army and took it. (Marco Polo, The Travels (Yule translation) Book I ch. VI (Yule 영역 가운데 OF THE GREAT CITY OF BAUDAS, AND HOW IT WAS TAKEN.))
A plan to besiege and seize Constantinople; if successful, he would be proclaimed Roman emperor there. The agent cannot be confirmed from the context of this line. (History of George Pachymeres L2488-L2489)
Soldiers did not waver when a proposal was made to attack the city held by the Latins. (History of George Pachymeres L2578-L2579)
Michael's son Ioannes was handed over as a hostage. His mother went to Constantinople to conclude an agreement. (History of George Pachymeres L701-704)
Prisoners of war were held in the Nicaea prison. In the confusion, a passage in which enemies were taken to have entered. The next line is unverified. (History of George Pachymeres L963-968)
The emperor issued a decree banning trade with the Genoese (dye and wool dealings). (History of George Pachymeres L84-91)
Genoese ships sailed past Constantinople without the emperor's permission, and the enraged emperor sought a way to subdue the Genoese. (History of George Pachymeres L152-158)
A Genoese sailor killed a man after a quarrel; the emperor demanded that the Genoese hand over that man (the rower). (History of George Pachymeres L413-421)
The emperor ordered Manuel Muzalon to put all the Genoese to death without delay; the troops prepared to search house by house. (History of George Pachymeres L453-458)
A passage about gathering plunder in the land of Mysia. From this line alone it is unclear who did it (possibly linked to Muzalon's Muzalonum estate). (History of George Pachymeres L1243-L1244)
A man who had been hiding was discovered and captured in disgrace. The great matter ended quickly and easily in a short moment. (History of George Pachymeres L2692-L2693)
At night, to escape the enemy, the emperor climbed Mount Ganos, leaving his attendants behind to each find a way to save themselves. (History of George Pachymeres L209-217)
The emperor prepared an expedition to Orestias to break the arrogance of the Genoese. (History of George Pachymeres L13-19)
The agreement on the marriage and the transfer (handing over Mesembria) with Constantine fell apart, and the dispute resumed. (History of George Pachymeres L519-525)
As Constantine's faction grew stronger, the emperor responded with a large-scale conscription. (History of George Pachymeres L868-874)
Lachanas defeated the army of the Bulgarian king and killed the king; he then took the cities one after another. (History of George Pachymeres L951-960)
On July 12 he crossed the Bosporus and went over to the emperor; he was welcomed and lodged at the Lichnia monastery. (History of George Pachymeres part11 L1050-1051)
Soon after, Lady Anna died. After her husband returned to the city from the east, the news of her death reached the emperor. (History of George Pachymeres part11 L2026-2027)
Around the carnival before Lent (Carnisprivium), the king collected money from the Jews. (Chronica Majora of Matthew Paris Luard 판 조각31 줄 1222)
The papal army, outside the city, stayed in place for many days, only stalling while being paid by King Henry. (Chronica Majora of Matthew Paris Luard 판 조각31 줄 1789)
Henry III marched toward Scotland, following petitions from the queen's side and urging from his close advisers. (Chronica Majora of Matthew Paris Luard 판 조각31 줄 2148)
Henry III, using a ring brought by the papal legate, invested his second son Edmund as king of Sicily and Apulia. (Chronica Majora of Matthew Paris Luard 판 조각31 줄 2789)
A ten-year truce was concluded in the Holy Land with the Sultan of Babylon (Egypt). Which side made it is unclear, since the subject of the preceding passage has become vague. (Chronica Majora of Matthew Paris Luard 판 조각31 줄 3205)
A reconciliation was reached between the bishop of Durham and the prior of Tynemouth. (Chronica Majora of Matthew Paris Luard 판 조각31 줄 3524)
Eastern Europe & Russia (1)
The Novgorodians seat Yaroslav Yaroslavich and expel Vasily; Alexander comes with his army. (Novgorod First Chronicle litopys 기사 1255년)