Zhuge Liang sought to bring Tianshui, Nan'an and Anding over to his side, but Zhang He routed him heavily at Jieting. (Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi) 魏書 明帝紀 (卷03) 太和2년)
Zhuge Liang went out through Sanguan and besieged Chencang, but ran out of supplies and withdrew; he beheaded the Wei general Wang Shuang who pursued him and returned to Hanzhong. (Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi) 蜀書 後主傳 (卷33) 建興6년)
Sun Quan reached the Wankou and had Lu Xun crush Cao Xiu at Shiting (the feigned surrender plan of Zhou Fang). (Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi) 吳書 吳主傳 (卷47) 黃武7년)
When Tian Yu, Commander of the Wuhuan Protector, attacked the Xianbei Yuzhujian, Yuzhujian's father-in-law Kebineng came to his rescue and surrounded Tian Yu at Macheng with thirty thousand cavalry. (Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) 卷071 228년 단락18 제1문)
In the twelfth month Zhuge Liang led his troops out through Sanguan and besieged Chencang, but as it was already prepared it could not be taken. (Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) 卷071 228년 단락21 제1문)