The world in 636 AD — what happened that year

13 events the sources record for this year, grouped by region.

What happened

King Mu had General Useo lead five hundred armored men to raid Silla's Doksan fortress, but he was captured by Alcheon. (Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) 卷27 武王 37年)
In 636, when Xueyantuo unleashes its forces and attacks, Ashina Sheer is badly defeated and flees to Gaochang to hold out; with only about ten-odd thousand of his old army left and fearing the pressure of the Western Turks, he finally leads his followers in surrender. (Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) 권194 636년 항)

Less than two hundred li northwest he reached the kingdom of Kanyakubja (Kanauj). (Xuanzang, Great Tang Records on the Western Regions Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk V Kanyakubja (Kanauj))
About six hundred li southeast, crossing the Ganges, he reached Ayodhya to the south; circumference 5,000 li. (Xuanzang, Great Tang Records on the Western Regions Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk V Ayodhya)
Seven hundred li southeast, passing the south bank of the Ganges, he reached the kingdom of Prayaga; circumference about 5,000 li. (Xuanzang, Great Tang Records on the Western Regions Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk V Prayaga)
He reached the country of Kausambi; the distance in the text is 500 li (the translator's note holds that 50 li is correct). (Xuanzang, Great Tang Records on the Western Regions Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk V Kausambi)
Going about one hundred seventy to one hundred eighty li north, he reached the kingdom of Visakha; circumference about 4,000 li. (Xuanzang, Great Tang Records on the Western Regions Si-yu-ki (Beal 1884) vol.1 Bk V Visakha)

Founding of Kufa (Annus 15 entry in the Argumentum) (Al-Tabari, History of the Prophets and Kings Series I tom.5 sect.1 (Arg.) [india.history.resource.86986], Annus 15)
Siege of Emesa (Homs) (Al-Tabari, History of the Prophets and Kings Series I tom.5 sect.1 (Arg.) [india.history.resource.86986], Annus 15)
Qinnasrin submits to Khalid (Al-Tabari, History of the Prophets and Kings Series I tom.5 sect.1 (Arg.) [india.history.resource.86986], Annus 15)
Jerusalem surrenders — treaty with its inhabitants (Al-Tabari, History of the Prophets and Kings Series I tom.5 sect.1 (Arg.) [india.history.resource.86986], Annus 15)
Fall of Caesarea; siege of Gaza (Al-Tabari, History of the Prophets and Kings Series I tom.5 sect.1 (Arg.) [india.history.resource.86986], Annus 15)
Establishment of the diwan (register) and the pay system (Al-Tabari, History of the Prophets and Kings Series I tom.5 sect.1 (Arg.) [india.history.resource.86986], Annus 15)