The world in 31 BC — what happened that year

10 events the sources record for this year, grouped by region.

What happened

The southern and northern suburban altars of Chang'an were built, and the sacrifices at Ganquan and Fenyin were abolished. (Book of Han (Hanshu), Imperial Annals 漢書卷010 成帝建始元年十二月)

In Herod's 7th year, as the Actium war began, Antony sends Herod to fight Arabia at Cleopatra's request (Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the Jews BJ 1.364–365)
An earthquake strikes Judea with great damage — Herod's 7th year (Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the Jews BJ 1.369–372)
In the year of the Battle of Actium (Herod's 7th year) a great earthquake strikes Judea (Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the Jews 15.121)

Cleopatra pursues the risky plan of hauling the fleet overland to the Arabian Gulf (Plutarch's Parallel Lives Plut. Antony 69.2)

Octavian and Antony fight at Actium (Josephus, Jewish War and Antiquities of the Jews 15.121)
Antony, gathered for war, had over 500 warships and had them splendidly outfitted (Plutarch's Parallel Lives Plut. Antony 61.1)
With the naval battle evenly balanced, Cleopatra's 60 ships hoist sail and leave (Plutarch's Parallel Lives Plut. Antony 66.3)
Antony boards Cleopatra's ship, but they do not look at each other (Plutarch's Parallel Lives Plut. Antony 67.1)
His alliance with Antony finally broke, and he defeated him in the sea battle off Actium; the naval battle went on until late in the day. (Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars Augustus 17 (영역 Thomson 장 번호; 라틴 9장))

Places where the world territory data shows a change of borders in this year.