The world in 412 BC — what happened that year

37 events the sources record for this year, grouped by region.

What happened

The Athenian Strombichides, chased from Teos by Chalcideus' fleet, flees to Samos, and Teos admits the Peloponnesians (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.16.2–3)
Chalcideus and Alcibiades bring about Miletus' defection ahead of the Athenian relief ships (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.17.1–3)
Sparta and its allies conclude their first treaty with the Persian king and Tissaphernes (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.18.1)
Athens kills Chalcideus at Panormus in Miletus (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.24.1)
48 Athenian ships and hoplites land at Miletus from Samos and make camp (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.25.1)
The battle of Miletus: Athens beats the Peloponnesians, while Miletus kills about 300 Argives (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.25.3–4)
Phrynichus refuses battle and withdraws to Samos without completing the victory, and the Argives go home (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.27.6)
The allies take Iasus by surprise and plunder it, capturing the rebel Amorges and handing him to Tissaphernes (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.28.2–4)
Tissaphernes pays one drachma a day, then announces he will cut it to three obols (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.29.1)
The Spartan Hippocrates arrives at Cnidus with 10 ships from Thurii and others (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.35.1)

After the Sicilian disaster, Chios and others ask Sparta to support their revolt (Plutarch's Parallel Lives Plut. Alcibiades 24)
Sparta tries to haul ships across the Isthmus of Corinth to the Athenian side of the sea (21 first) (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.8.4)
Athens suspects Chios and requisitions seven ships (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.9.2)
21 Peloponnesian ships sail after the Isthmian Games but are chased by 37 Athenian ships and anchor at Spiraeum (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.10.1–3)
In the battle of Spiraeum, Athens damages most of the enemy ships and kills Alcamenes (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.10.4)
Alcibiades persuades the ephors and sails for Ionia with Chalcideus in five ships (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.12.3)
Chalcideus and Alcibiades suddenly arrive at Chios and address the council; Chios breaks from Athens, and Erythrae follows (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.14.1–2)
Athens lifts the penalty on using the 1,000-talent reserve and strengthens its fleet (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.15.1)
The 20 ships blockaded at Spiraeum break through and defeat the blockading fleet, and Astyochus joins as supreme commander (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.20.1)
The Samian people kill 200 upper-class men and exile 400, after which Athens recognizes Samos' independence (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.21.1)