Breasted, Ancient Records of Egypt: a Chronicle / record source. Covers 2613 BC – 1208 BC, with 110 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.
| Type | Chronicle / record |
|---|---|
| Viewpoint | Insider account |
| Years covered | 2613 BC – 1208 BC |
| Events | 110 events, 40 placed on the map |
| Author | J.H. Breasted (영역·편) |
| Original title | Ancient Records of Egypt |
Regions: Egypt & North Africa 91 · West Asia 19
| Year | Place | Event | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2613 BC – 2589 BC | Nubia (Land of the Negro) | In the time of Snefru, he “smote the land of the Negro”: 7,000 living captives and 200,000 head of large and small cattle were brought back. | Palermo Stone, ARE I §146 |
| 2613 BC – 2589 BC | Lebanon | In the time of Snefru, forty ships full of cedar timber were brought in (Breasted's note: a sea expedition to Lebanon). | Palermo Stone, ARE I §146 |
| 2321 BC – 2287 BC | Troja (Tura quarries) | Uni asked the king for a limestone sarcophagus from Tura (Troja), and it was carried by boat; the king sent a treasury and a crew. | ARE I §308 (우니 전기) |
| 2321 BC – 2287 BC | Pepi I gathered tens of thousands of troops, from Elephantine in the south to Aphroditopolis in the north, and from the Nubian tribes and the land of Temeh, to fight the “sand-dwellers” of Asia. | ARE I §311 (우니) | |
| 2321 BC – 2287 BC | The king sent Uni as commander-in-chief of the army; the force set out from “the North Island, the Gate of Ihotep, and the Bend of Horus.” | ARE I §312 (우니) | |
| 2321 BC – 2287 BC | The army laid waste the land of the sand-dwellers, cut down and burned their strongholds, figs and vines, took prisoners, and returned safely. | ARE I §313 (우니) | |
| 2321 BC – 2287 BC | Each time the sand-dwellers rebelled, Uni was sent with the army, and he ravaged their land five more times. | ARE I §314 (우니) | |
| 2321 BC – 2287 BC | Gazelle-nose (southern Palestine) | When news came of revolt in the land of Gazelle-nose, Uni crossed the sea with a fleet of troop ships and landed north of the upland ridge, and struck down all of them. | ARE I §315 (우니) |
| 2287 BC – 2278 BC | Elephantine | Merenre appointed Uni governor of the south and put him in charge of the granite quarrying expedition at the First Cataract (Breasted's commentary). | ARE I §319 (우니) |
| 2287 BC – 2278 BC | Yam | Harkhuf, by Merenre's command, explored the route to the land of Yam; first journey, seven months round trip. | ARE I §333 (하르쿠프) |
| 2287 BC – 2278 BC | Irthet (Elephantine road) | Harkhuf made a second journey alone, passing Irthet, Terers and others; it took eight months, and he returned with great gifts. | ARE I §334 (하르쿠프) |
| 2287 BC – 2278 BC | Yam | Sent a third time to Yam; he pacified the chief of the land of Temeh. | ARE I §335 (하르쿠프) |
| 2283 BC | Philae/First Cataract | Year 5 of Merenre, 10th month, 28th day: the king visited the upper part of the First Cataract, and the chiefs of the Mazoi, Irtet, and Wawat bowed down. | ARE I §317 (제1폭포 비문) |
| 2010 BC – 1998 BC | Wadi Hammamat | Henu set out with 3,000 soldiers of Mentuhotep III in year 8, by the Wadi Hammamat road, digging wells along the way. | ARE I §428-430 (헤누) |
| 2010 BC – 1998 BC | Henu reached the Red Sea and built ships there to send out (the exact harbor on the Red Sea coast is unknown). | ARE I §432 (헤누) | |
| 1878 BC – 1840 BC | Sekmem | Sebek-khu followed the king north to the district of Sekmem in Retenu to attack the Asiatics (Mentiu), showing Sebek-khu's valor. | ARE I §678-681 (세벡쿠 석비) |
| 1871 BC | Elephantine | Year 8: a canal at the First Cataract (150 cubits long, 20 wide, 15 deep) was opened. | ARE I §647 (제1폭포 수로 비문) |
| 1871 BC | Semna | Year 8: after striking Kush, he set up a southern boundary stela at Semna (the First Semna Stela). | ARE I §651-652 (제1 셈나 석비) |
| 1870 BC | Elephantine | Year 9, Elephantine inscription: records the fortress works at the First Cataract and the royal order for the direction of Kush. | ARE I §650 (엘레판티네 비문) |
| 1863 BC | Semna | Year 16: after Kush attacked again, the boundary marker at Semna (the Second Semna Stela): “They took their women and led away their people.” | ARE I §656-658 (제2 셈나 석비) |
| 1860 BC | Kush | Year 19: Sesostris III went to strike wretched Kush, and the gold obtained there appears in the Ikhernofret inscription (Breasted's commentary). | ARE I §661 (이케르노프레트) |
| 1740 BC | Abydos | Neferhotep I, year 2: the king went to the library to look at the old documents of Atum, opened them, and resolved to make a new statue of Osiris at Abydos. | ARE I §755-759 (아비도스 대석비) |
| 1740 BC | Abydos | The king sent a trusted courtier south to Abydos to carry out the god's work, and then the king himself went to Abydos in the sacred barque. | ARE I §760-763 (아비도스 대석비) |
| 1550 BC – 1525 BC | Avaris | Ahmose I besieged Avaris; Ahmose son of Ebana showed his valor. | ARE II §8 (에바나의 아들 아흐모세) |
| 1550 BC – 1525 BC | Avaris | A battle on the water at the Avaris canal (Pezedku); after hand-to-hand fighting, he brought back a hand he had cut off. | ARE II §9 |
| 1550 BC – 1525 BC | Avaris | Fall of Avaris: the son of Ebana took one man and three women as prisoners. | ARE II §12 |
| 1550 BC – 1525 BC | Sharuhen (Tell el-Ajjul?) | Ahmose I besieged Sharuhen for six years. | ARE II §13 |
| 1550 BC – 1525 BC | Nubia (Land of the Negro) | After Sharuhen, Ahmose I struck the Asiatics, went to the Troglodyte land of Nubia, and carried out a great massacre. | ARE II §14 |
| 1550 BC – 1525 BC | In the south, a rebel named Tjti rose up: the second rebellion. | ARE II §15-16 | |
| 1550 BC – 1525 BC | Zahi (Phoenicia-Syria) | Ahmose I's campaign against Zahi (Phoenicia-Syria), the only source that records this fact. | ARE II §19-20 (아흐모세 펜네크벳) |
| 1525 BC – 1504 BC | Kush | Amenhotep I's campaign against Kush; Ahmose, son of Ebana, commanded the king's transport fleet. | ARE II §38-39 |
| 1525 BC – 1504 BC | Libya (Tehenu) | Amenhotep I's campaign against Libya (Tehenu); Penekhbet took prisoners. | ARE II §41-42 |
| 1504 BC | Thebes | Accession decree of Thutmose I: the king's orders (titles and oath name) sent to the southern governor. | ARE II §54-60 (즉위 포고) |
| 1504 BC – 1492 BC | Kush | On Thutmose I's Nubian campaign, Ahmose, son of Ebana, served by boat. | ARE II §78-81 |
| 1504 BC – 1492 BC | Naharin (Mitanni) | Thutmose I's Naharin (Mitanni) campaign: Penekhbet won 21 hands, a horse and a chariot. | ARE II §84-85 |
| 1504 BC – 1492 BC | Karnak | Thutmose I set up a pair of large obelisks before the Amun temple at Karnak. | ARE II §86-88 |
| 1503 BC | Tombos | Year 2. Tombos Stela: a victory hymn of Thutmose I; a Troglodyte of Nubia fell to the sword. | ARE II §69-71 (톰보스 석비) |
| 1503 BC | Tombos | The court officials set up a fortress for the king's army: 'no one in the world can withstand him.' | ARE II §72 (톰보스 석비) |
| 1502 BC | Elephantine | Year 3, 22nd day of the 1st month: Thutmose I sailed downstream from the First Cataract (Sehel and Aswan inscriptions). | ARE II §75-77 |
| 1492 BC | Elephantine | Right after Thutmose II's accession, Kush rebelled; word reached the court (Aswan inscription). | ARE II §120-121 |
| 1492 BC – 1479 BC | Nubia (Land of the Negro) | On his first campaign, Thutmose II sent a large army to Nubia and struck down Kush. | ARE II §122 |
| 1492 BC – 1479 BC | Retenu (Syria-Palestine) | Thutmose II's campaign in Retenu (Syria-Palestine): defeated the Shasu (Penekhbet's record of the Syrian campaign). | ARE II §124-125 |
| 1473 BC – 1458 BC | Punt | 31 living myrrh trees brought back from Punt: relief of Hatshepsut's expedition to Punt. | ARE II §272 (푼트 부조, 데이르 엘바하리) |
| 1473 BC – 1458 BC | Deir el-Bahari | Weighing the myrrh brought from Punt to offer to Amun (relief at Deir el-Bahari). | ARE II §274-277 |
| 1458 BC | Sharuhen | Year 22: the Asiatic princes fell into discord and rebelled at the fortress of Sharuhen (the trigger for the Megiddo campaign). | ARE II §415-416 (연대기, 제1차 원정) |
| 1457 BC | Gaza | Year 23, 9th month: Thutmose III's army reached Gaza, spent the coronation anniversary there, then set out (Breasted's itinerary §409, 'Gaza: coronation anniversary'). | ARE II §409, §417 |
| 1457 BC | Yehem | The army arrived at Yehem. | ARE II §418 |
| 1457 BC | Yehem | Military council at Yehem: heard the report that the king of Kadesh had entered Megiddo, and debated which road to take. | ARE II §419-424 |
| 1457 BC | Megiddo | Came out of the mountain pass and camped on the plain of Megiddo. | ARE II §428-429 |
| 1457 BC | Megiddo | Battle of Megiddo: Thutmose III defeated the enemy; the defeated were hauled up into the city by their garments. | ARE II §430 |
| 1457 BC | Megiddo | Siege of Megiddo: he measured the circuit around the city, built a thick wall, and named it 'the place encircled by Thutmose III.' | ARE II §433 |
| 1457 BC | Lebanon | After the fall of Megiddo, Thutmose III marched into Lebanon (according to Breasted). | ARE II §436 |
| 1457 BC | Megiddo | Surrender of Megiddo: Thutmose III showed mercy to its people. | ARE II §440-442 |
| 1456 BC | Assur | Year 24: the chief of Assur (Assyria) brought tribute (lapis lazuli and other goods). | ARE II §445-446 |
| 1451 BC | Wa | Year 29, Zahi: captured the city of Wa. | ARE II §456-457 |
| 1451 BC | Arvad | Year 29: struck down Arvad. | ARE II §456, §461 |
| 1450 BC | Kadesh | Year 30: arrived at Kadesh and defeated it. | ARE II §464-465 |
| 1450 BC | Simyra | Year 30: arrived at Simyra. | ARE II §465 |
| 1449 BC | Ullaza | Year 31: at the town of Ullaza, took spoils of 494 people, 26 horses and 13 chariots. | ARE II §469-470 |
| 1447 BC | Euphrates (river) | Year 33: set up a boundary stela on the east bank of the Euphrates. | ARE II §477-478 |
| 1447 BC | Naharin (Mitanni) | Year 33: Naharin campaign; pushed north and took towns. | ARE II §479 |
| 1447 BC | Niy | Year 33: arrived at Niy and turned south. | ARE II §481 |
| 1447 BC | Hattusa | Year 33: tribute from the Great King of the Hittites (Keta) arrived. | ARE II §485 |
| 1446 BC | Zahi (Phoenicia-Syria) | Year 34: towns in Zahi submitted. | ARE II §489 |
| 1446 BC | Cyprus (Isy) | Year 34: tribute from the chief of Isy (Cyprus). | ARE II §493 |
| 1445 BC | Araina | Year 35: Naharin rebelled again; reached the fortress of Araina and fought. | ARE II §497-499 |
| 1442 BC | Nuges district | Year 38: took spoils in the Nuges district. | ARE II §506-508 |
| 1441 BC | Retenu (Syria-Palestine) | Year 39: struck down the Shasu in Retenu. | ARE II §516-517 |
| 1438 BC | Tunip | Year 42: arrived at Tunip and destroyed the city. | ARE II §529-530 |
| 1438 BC | Kadesh | Year 42: arrived in the Kadesh district and took its towns. | ARE II §531 |
| 1427 BC – 1400 BC | Amenhotep II was at the city of Shemeshedom, the first place in the record of his Asian campaign (Karnak stela). | ARE II §783 | |
| 1427 BC – 1400 BC | Orontes (river) | Battle on the Orontes River: the king raised his arm to look at the end of the enemy line. | ARE II §784 |
| 1427 BC – 1400 BC | Ikathi | Learning that the Asiatics in the city of Ikathi were plotting, he suppressed them at once. | ARE II §787 |
| 1427 BC – 1400 BC | Khatithana | Defeated the Khatithana tribe. | ARE II §788-789 |
| 1427 BC – 1400 BC | Memphis | Returned to Memphis (temple of Ptah) after the campaign and brought in the Asiatic noble prisoners. | ARE II §790 |
| 1427 BC – 1400 BC | Thebes | The king returned to Amun at Thebes and personally executed seven chiefs; six were hung before the walls of Thebes. | ARE II §797 |
| 1294 BC – 1279 BC | Negeb (Tharu to Palestine road) | Seti I's campaign against the Shasu: leaving Tharu, the last Egyptian stop, he passed through the water supply posts of the Negev fortresses. | ARE III §83-86 (카르낙 부조 1·2장면) |
| 1294 BC – 1279 BC | Pekanan | Scene of the fortress town of Pekanan. | ARE III §88 |
| 1294 BC – 1279 BC | Beth-shean | Having crossed Carmel, Seti I took Pehel and Beth-shean in the Jezreel plain (Breasted's commentary, based on the gazetteer §114). | ARE III §89 |
| 1294 BC – 1279 BC | Yenoam | Scene of the town of Yenoam. | ARE III §90 |
| 1294 BC – 1279 BC | Tyre | Seti left Tyre and Ou and marched north: scene of the submission of the Lebanese chiefs. | ARE III §91 |
| 1294 BC – 1279 BC | Kader (Gader) | Scene of the town of Kader (Gader) in Pemekhtem; the return route after the Lebanon scene. | ARE III §94 |
| 1294 BC – 1279 BC | Libya (Tehenu) | Libyan incursion into the Delta, already begun under Seti I: the first Libyan battle scene. | ARE III §120-121 |
| 1294 BC – 1279 BC | Libya (Tehenu) | Seti struck down and killed the chiefs of Tehenu (Libya). | ARE III §132 |
| 1294 BC – 1279 BC | Kadesh | Seti's Hittite campaign: the royal order to devastate the city of Kadesh and the land of Amurru; battle scene. | ARE III §141 |
| 1294 BC – 1279 BC | Kadesh | A great slaughter of the enemy in the land of the Hittites (Keta). | ARE III §143 |
| 1276 BC | Kubban (Akita road) | Year 3, 4th day of the 1st month: Ramesses II at Memphis heard that the gold-mine road to Nubia (Akita) had no water, and ordered wells dug (Kubban stela). | ARE III §282-292 |
| 1276 BC | Kubban (Akita road) | The court reported that the land of Akita has lacked water since ancient times. | ARE III §289 |
| 1275 BC | Beirut | Ramesses II's first campaign: along the Phoenician coast as far as Beirut (Breasted's commentary). | ARE III §296-297 |
| 1274 BC | Zahi (Phoenicia-Syria) | Year 5: Ramesses II organized his infantry and chariot forces and set out on his second campaign. | ARE III §307 |
| 1274 BC | Zahi (Phoenicia-Syria) | Year 5, 9th day of the 3rd month: Ramesses II was at Zahi (second campaign). | ARE III §317-318 |
| 1274 BC | Kadesh | The Hittite king and all the chiefs of Kadesh gathered together with their forces. | ARE III §320 |
| 1274 BC | Shabtuna | Trusting the false report of Shasu scouts, Ramesses camped at Shabtuna northwest of Kadesh; meanwhile the Hittites struck by surprise. | ARE III §318-325 |
| 1274 BC | Kadesh | Battle of Kadesh: finding himself alone before the enemy, Ramesses flew into a rage and counterattacked (in his own words). | ARE III §326-327 |
| 1274 BC | Kadesh | Reinforcements (new troops) arrived and drove off the enemy; the camp was defended. | ARE III §339-340 |
| 1274 BC | Kadesh | Ramesses brought in the prisoners he had taken with the sword in the land of Keta. | ARE III §342 |
| 1274 BC – 1259 BC | Naharin (Mitanni) | After recovering Palestine, Ramesses II advanced into Naharin (northern Syria) (Breasted's commentary). | ARE III §363 |
| 1271 BC | Ashkelon | Ramesses II's siege of Ashkelon: Karnak relief in which the rebel city says it is glad to be inside. | ARE III §352-355 |
| 1271 BC | Negeb (Tharu to Palestine road) | Year 8: took the towns of western Galilee and reconquered northern Palestine (Breasted's commentary). | ARE III §356 |
| 1208 BC | Libya (Tehenu) | Year 5: beginning of the record of Merneptah's victory over the joint invasion of Libyans and Sea Peoples (Karnak inscription). | ARE III §574 (카르낙 비문) |
| 1208 BC | Libya (Tehenu) | Year 5, 4th month: a report that Libyan king Meryey, with the allied forces of Sherden, Shekelesh, Ekwesh, Lukka and Teresh, had attacked the land of Tehenu. | ARE III §579 (카르낙 비문) |
| 1208 BC | Merneptah, enraged like a lion at the report, assembled his army within 14 days. | ARE III §580 | |
| 1208 BC | Merneptah saw in a dream the statue of Ptah handing him a sword. | ARE III §582 | |
| 1208 BC | Libya (Tehenu) | The Egyptian and Libyan armies faced each other and camped; the Libyan king fled. | ARE III §583-585 |
| 1208 BC | Libya (Tehenu) | The defeated Libyan king fled under cover of night. | ARE III §609-610 |
| 1208 BC | Memphis | Libyan king Meryey attacked the Lord of the Walls (Memphis); the gods handed him over to Merneptah. | ARE III §615 (이스라엘 석비) |
| 1208 BC | Gezer | Israel Stela: 'Gezer has been seized.' | ARE III §617 |
| 1208 BC | Ashkelon | Israel Stela: 'Ashkelon has been carried off.' | ARE III §617 |
| 1208 BC | Pekanan | Israel Stela: 'Pekanan (Canaan) has been plundered.' | ARE III §617 |
| 1208 BC | Israel Stela: 'Israel is laid waste, its seed is no more.' | ARE III §617 |