Mahavamsa (Great Chronicle of Sri Lanka)

Mahavamsa (Great Chronicle of Sri Lanka): a Standard history source. Covers 592 BC – AD 290, with 128 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.

Type	Standard history
Viewpoint	Insider account
Years covered	592 BC – AD 290
Events	128 events, 100 placed on the map
Author	Mahānāma (Geiger 영역 1912)
Original title	Mahāvaṃsa

Regions: South Asia 89 · Central Asia 2

Events

Year	Place	Event	Passage
592 BC – 591 BC	Mahiyangana	The Buddha, in the sky above the Mahiyangana garden, frightened the yakkhas with storms and darkness, then taught the Dhamma and drove them out; he gave hair relics to the god Mahasumana of Samanakuta. Fiction	1.19-24
587 BC	Nagadipa	The Buddha intervened from the air between the naga uncle Mahodara and his nephew Culodara, who were quarreling over a jeweled throne, and reconciled them with darkness and light. Fiction	1.45-70
584 BC	Kalyani	At the request of the naga king Maniakkhika, the Buddha came to Kalyani with 500 monks, sat beneath a jeweled canopy, accepted offerings and taught. Fiction	1.71-77
584 BC	Dighavapi	The Buddha left his footprint on Samanakuta, then meditated in turn at Dighavapi, at Mahameghavana (the sites of the Bodhi tree, the great stupa and Thuparama) and at Silacetiya. Fiction	1.78-83
543 BC	Kusinara	The Buddha attained parinibbana between two sala trees at Kusinara on the full moon of Vesak, at age 84. Tradition	3.1-5
543 BC – 542 BC	Rajagaha	Mahakassapa and 500 arahants held the First Council at the Vebhara rock cave built by King Ajatasattu; Upali recited the Vinaya and Ananda the Dhamma. Tradition	3.11-37
543 BC	Sopara	Vijaya's party landed at Sopara port, but the violence of his followers put them in danger, so they boarded ships again. Tradition	6.46
543 BC	Mahatittha	On the day of the Buddha's parinibbana, Vijaya landed at Tambapanni in the land of Lanka (the arrival of Vijaya). Tradition	6.47
543 BC	Anuradhapura	After getting back his men with help from the yakkhini Kuvanna, Vijaya killed all the yakkhas of Sirisavatthu. Fiction	7.9-38
543 BC	Anuradhapura	Vijaya founded a city at Tambapanni, and the ministers founded the villages of Anuradhagama, Upatissagama, Ujeni, Uruvela and Vijitapura. Tradition	7.39-45
543 BC – 505 BC	Madhura	The ministers sent a marriage envoy to King Pandu of Madhura in South India; the king sent his daughter, about 100 maidens and 1,000 artisan families, who landed at Mahatittha. Tradition	7.50-58
543 BC – 505 BC	Mahatittha	The ministers consecrated Vijaya as king and made the Pandu princess his queen. Tradition	7.69-72
505 BC	Anuradhapura	When Vijaya died, the ministers ruled as regents at Upatissagama for a year, waiting for the prince (an interregnum of one year). Pending	8.1-5
504 BC	Anuradhapura	Panduvasudeva of Sihapura landed at the mouth of the Mahakandara disguised as a mendicant, and the ministers made him king of Lanka. Tradition	8.10-17
504 BC	Anuradhapura	Princess Bhaddakaccana of the Sakyas sailed from the Ganges and reached Gonagamaka port in two days, and was consecrated queen. Pending	8.23-28
504 BC – 474 BC	Anuradhapura	The queen's brothers came to Lanka and settled across the island, leaving village names (Ramagona, Uruvela, Anuradha and Rohana). Pending	9.6-11
474 BC	Anuradhapura	When Pandukabhaya was born, Panduvasudeva died after reigning 30 years, and Abhaya was consecrated. Tradition	9.27-29
458 BC	Anuradhapura	At sixteen, Pandukabhaya went to the brahmin Pandula of Pandulagamaka in the south, learned arts, and obtained money and 500 soldiers. Pending	10.17-27
457 BC – 437 BC	Anuradhapura	In the Girikandha mountains, Pandukabhaya met his uncle's daughter Pali (Suvannapali) and took her with him. Pending	10.28-40
457 BC – 437 BC	Anuradhapura	The army sent by Pali's father and five brothers was defeated, creating the battlefields of Kalahanagara and Rohitavahakandha. Pending	10.41-43
457 BC – 437 BC	Anuradhapura	Pandukabhaya crossed the Ganges (Mahaveli) and stayed four years on Mount Dolla, then pursued his uncles, defeated them on this bank and held the camp for two years. Tradition	10.44-48
454 BC	Anuradhapura	After reigning 20 years, Abhaya was pushed out of power by his uncles at Upatissagama and handed over the throne, with Tissa as regent. Pending	10.49-52
443 BC	Vesali	Monks of the Vajji clan at Vesali taught that ten practices were permitted, and Yasa set out to correct them. Tradition	4.8-11
443 BC – 442 BC	Vesali	At the Valikarama monastery in Vesali, Elder Revata with 700 arahants held the Second Council over eight months and ruled the ten practices unlawful. Tradition	4.50-64
437 BC	Anuradhapura	By a stratagem of a yakkhini, Pandukabhaya attacked his eight uncles and their army and piled up heaps of skulls. Tradition	10.66-72
437 BC	Anuradhapura	In the palace of Anuradha, husband of his great-aunt, Pandukabhaya founded the capital Anuradhapura as the astrologer had foretold. Tradition	10.73-76
437 BC	Anuradhapura	Pandukabhaya washed his uncles' parasols in pond water, had himself consecrated, and made Suvannapali his queen. Tradition	10.77-78
427 BC	Anuradhapura	In the tenth year after his consecration, Pandukabhaya set the village boundaries for the whole island. Pending	10.103
325 BC	Pataliputta	218 years after the parinibbana, King Asoka was consecrated at Pataliputta (Pupphapura) as ruler of all India.	5.21
325 BC – 322 BC	Pataliputta	Upon the teaching of the novice Nigrodha, Asoka took refuge in the Dhamma and offered a feast to 60,000 monks. Tradition	5.37-72
325 BC – 322 BC	Pataliputta	Asoka ordered 84,000 monasteries built in 84,000 cities, and began building the Asokarama himself. Tradition	5.79-82
320 BC	Pataliputta	Asoka's son Mahinda (age 20) and daughter Sanghamitta (age 18) went forth on the same day. Tradition	5.198-209
310 BC – 309 BC	Pataliputta	Asoka sent a boat on the Ganges to bring Elder Moggaliputta-Tissa, and personally entered the water to offer his right hand. Tradition	5.246-256
309 BC	Pataliputta	At the Asokarama, Elder Moggaliputta-Tissa and 1,000 monks held the Third Council over nine months, expelling 60,000 heretics. Tradition	5.275-281
309 BC – 308 BC	Kasmira	Elder Majjhantika subdued the naga king in Kashmir and Gandhara, converted 80,000 people, and 100,000 went forth. Fiction	12.25-28
309 BC – 308 BC	Kasmira	Elder Mahadeva preached the Devaduta Sutta in the country of Mahisamandala, and 40,000 people took refuge. Tradition	12.29-30
309 BC – 308 BC	Kasmira	Elder Rakkhita, flying in the air at Banavasa, preached the Anamatagga Sutta; 60,000 took refuge and he built 500 monasteries. Fiction	12.31-33
309 BC – 308 BC	Kasmira	Dhammarakkhita, a Yona (Greek), preached the Fire-Simile Sutta at Aparantaka, and 37,000 people drank the nectar of the Dhamma. Tradition	12.34-36
309 BC – 308 BC	Kasmira	Mahadhammarakkhita, at Maharatta, preached the Mahanaradakassapa Jataka, and 84,000 people entered the path. Tradition	12.37-38
309 BC – 308 BC	Alasanda	Maharakkhita, in the land of the Yonas (Greeks), preached the Kalakarama Sutta, and 170,000 people entered the path. Tradition	12.39-40
307 BC – 305 BC	Mihintale	Elder Mahinda stayed a month at Vedisa, then on the Uposatha day flew with five companions through the air and descended at Ambatthala on Mount Missaka in Lanka. Tradition	13.1-20
307 BC – 305 BC	Mihintale	King Devanampiya Tissa, hunting on Mount Missaka and chasing a deer, met Mahinda, was tested with questions, and took refuge in the Dhamma. Tradition	14.1-14
307 BC – 305 BC	Anuradhapura	Mahinda and companions flew to Anuradhapura and landed at the first stupa site east of the city; the king offered food at the palace, and Queen Anula heard the teaching. Tradition	14.43-57
307 BC – 305 BC	Anuradhapura	Devanampiya Tissa donated the Mahameghavana forest to the Sangha, and the earth quaked the moment the water was poured. Tradition	15.24-26
307 BC – 305 BC	Anuradhapura	At the Kamba river ferry, Devanampiya Tissa plowed a round furrow with a plow, fixing the boundary of the Mahavihara in one day. Tradition	15.190-194
306 BC – 305 BC	Tamalitti	King Devanampiya Tissa sent four envoys, including his nephew Maharittha, with jewels to Asoka; they sailed from Tamalitti and reached Jambukola by boat. Tradition	11.18-39
306 BC – 305 BC	Anuradhapura	Asoka's envoys re-consecrated Devanampiya Tissa as king of Lanka on the full moon of Vesak. Tradition	11.40-42
306 BC – 305 BC	Pataliputta	Mahinda sent the novice Sumana to Asoka in Pataliputta and to Sakka in heaven, to receive the alms-bowl relic and the collarbone relic. Tradition	17.8-21
306 BC – 305 BC	Anuradhapura	The collarbone relic floated in the air to show the twin miracle, then settled on the head of Devanampiya Tissa and was enshrined at the Thuparama cetiya. Fiction	17.45-55
306 BC – 305 BC	Pataliputta	Asoka drew a line with red arsenic and swore an oath; the southern branch of the great Bodhi tree split by itself and settled into a golden vase. Fiction	18.35-60
306 BC – 305 BC	Tamalitti	On the Tamalitti shore, Asoka loaded the great Bodhi tree onto a ship and sent it out to sea with Sanghamitta. Tradition	19.9-17
306 BC – 305 BC	Jambukola	The boat carrying the Bodhi tree reached Jambukola the same day; Devanampiya Tissa waded into the water up to his neck, lifted the tree onto his head, and offered the kingship of Lanka to it. Tradition	19.23-31
306 BC – 305 BC	Anuradhapura	Devanampiya Tissa planted the Bodhi tree in the Mahameghavana forest in Anuradhapura, and eight shoots sprouted; they were transplanted to eight places, including Jambukola and Tivakka villages. Tradition	19.41-62
260 BC	Mihintale	Elder Mahinda attained parinibbana on Mount Cetiya at Mihintale on the eighth day of the Asalha month, in the eighth year of King Uttiya. Tradition	20.32
260 BC	Anuradhapura	King Uttiya carried the remains through the Mahavihara and cremated them at the funeral pyre, then built the Isibhumiangana cetiya. Tradition	20.43-46
259 BC	Anuradhapura	The elder nun Sanghamitta attained parinibbana at Hatthalakka monastery in the ninth year of King Uttiya, aged 59; the king cremated her east of Thuparama. Tradition	20.48-53
205 BC – 161 BC	Anuradhapura	Elara, a Tamil noble from the Chola country, defeated Asela and ruled Anuradhapura justly for 44 years. Tradition	21.11-13
205 BC – 161 BC	Mihintale	When Elara went to Mount Cetiya, the tip of his chariot yoke damaged a stupa; he ordered his own head cut off as penalty and had fifteen stones repaired at a cost of 15,000 kahapanas. Pending	21.21-26
205 BC – 161 BC	Mahagama	To fulfil the queen's craving, Velusumana stole Elara's horse at the Kadamba river in Anuradhapura, killed the pursuers and returned to Mahagama. Pending	22.49-57
205 BC – 161 BC	Mahagama	The young Gamani said that across the river was Tamil land and this side was the sea, so one could not stretch out one's limbs and sleep. Pending	22.85-86
205 BC – 161 BC	Mahagama	Nandhimitta, nephew of Elara's general Mitta, chose to side with the princes of Rohana instead of destroying Tamil temples, and went over to Gamani. Tradition	23.9-15
205 BC – 161 BC	Mahagama	King Kakavannatissa stationed garrisons at every Mahaweli ford to block the Tamils, and appointed Dighabhaya chief of the Kacchaka ford. Tradition	23.16-18
205 BC – 161 BC	Anuradhapura	Suranimila, a timber merchant of the escort, walked nine yojanas in a day, saw the Tissa pond, the Bodhi tree and the Thuparama in Anuradhapura, received a letter from the brahmin Kundali, and returned. Fiction	23.20-44
205 BC – 161 BC	Mahagama	Each of the ten warriors called ten more, and 11,110 warriors gathered around Gamani. Pending	23.96-101
205 BC – 161 BC	Tissamaharama	When King Kakavannatissa died at Tissamaharama, his younger brother Tissa came from Dighavapi and took back their mother and the elephant Kandula; Gamani was crowned king at Mahagama. Tradition	24.12-17
205 BC – 161 BC	Anuradhapura	Gamani and his younger brother Tissa fought a great battle at Kulanganiya-pitthi, and thousands of Gamani's soldiers died. Tradition	24.19
205 BC – 161 BC	Mahagama	At Mahagama the brothers clashed again; Gamani, on horseback, leaped over the elephant Kandula, and Tissa fled. Tradition	24.31-38
205 BC – 161 BC	Dighavapi	The brothers reconciled before the monks at Dighavapi and ate together; afterwards Tissa supervised the harvest. Tradition	24.57-58
163 BC – 162 BC	Tissamaharama	Gamani left Tissamaharama with 500 monks and, following the road to Malaya, crossed the river and began the campaign. Tradition	25.1-6
163 BC – 162 BC	Mahiyangana	At Mahiyangana he subdued the Tamil Chatta. Tradition	25.7
163 BC – 162 BC	Mahiyangana	At Ambatthakara he fought the Tamil Titthamba for four months and won by a stratagem. Tradition	25.7-8
163 BC – 162 BC	Mahiyangana	Going down the river, he defeated seven Tamil lords in one day, established peace, and was called Kemarama. Tradition	25.9-10
163 BC – 162 BC	Mahiyangana	In villages such as Antarasobha, Don and Halakolla he subdued Tamil commanders one after another, and each village took the name of its commander. Tradition	25.11-14
162 BC – 161 BC	Vijitanagara	Kandula and the warriors besieged Vijitanagara for four months, and broke the iron gates and walls to take it. Tradition	25.19-46
162 BC – 161 BC	Vijitanagara	At Girilaka he killed the Tamil Giriya, and at Mahelanagara he stayed four months and defeated the commander by a stratagem. Tradition	25.47-49
161 BC	Anuradhapura	Gamani encamped south of Mount Kasa near Anuradhapura, dug a pond, and made the offering of water to the sacred stupa. Tradition	25.50-51
161 BC	Anuradhapura	Suranimila killed Dighajantu; Gamani, riding Kandula, met Elara at the south gate of the capital and killed him, unifying Lanka. Tradition	25.52-70
161 BC	Anuradhapura	Gamani held Elara's funeral on the spot where he fell, raised a monument there, and had it honored. Tradition	25.72-73
161 BC	Mahatittha	Bhalluka, Elara's nephew, landed at Mahatittha with 60,000 troops and died near the Mahavihara from an arrow of Phussadeva. Pending	25.76-93
161 BC – 158 BC	Anuradhapura	At the pond of King Tissa, Gamani witnessed a miracle when his spear would not move, and there built the Mariccavatti cetiya and monastery. Fiction	26.6-14
158 BC – 137 BC	Anuradhapura	Gamani built the nine-storied Lohapasada according to the picture of the palace in Tavatimsa heaven, and paid the workers their wages. Tradition	27.20-42
158 BC – 137 BC	Gambhira river	By Sakka's command, Vissakamma made bricks on the bank of the Gambhira river, a yojana outside Anuradhapura, and a hunter discovered them. Fiction	28.7-10
158 BC – 137 BC	Anuradhapura	In Acharavatthi village, three yojanas northeast of the capital, gold nuggets were found in a field, and a villager reported it to the king. Fiction	28.13-15
158 BC – 137 BC	Anuradhapura	At Tambapitta, across the river, copper appeared. Fiction	28.16-17
158 BC – 137 BC	Sumanavapi	In the village of Sumanavapi, four yojanas southeast of the capital, gems appeared. Fiction	28.18-19
158 BC – 137 BC	Ambatthakola	In the Ambatthakola cave, eight yojanas south of the capital, silver appeared; a merchant offered breadfruit, and under the guidance of the elders it was discovered. Fiction	28.20-35
158 BC – 137 BC	Uruvela	Five yojanas west of the city, at the Uruvela landing, six cartloads of pearls and coral were found. Fiction	28.36-38
158 BC – 137 BC	Pelivapi	Seven yojanas north of the city, a cave at Lake Pelivapi produced four gems the size of millstones, and a hunter reported it. Fiction	28.39-41
158 BC – 137 BC	Anuradhapura	On the full moon of Wesak, King Gamani began the Great Stupa, digging the ground seven cubits deep and having elephants tamp the stones. Tradition	29.1-14
158 BC – 137 BC	Rajagaha	From the Rajagaha region, Elder Indagutta came with 80,000 monks and attended the groundbreaking of the Great Stupa. Tradition	29.30
158 BC – 137 BC	Isipatana	At Isipatana, Elder Dhammasena came with 12,000 monks for the groundbreaking. Tradition	29.31
158 BC – 137 BC	Savatthi	From the Jetavana monastery at Savatthi, Elder Piyadassi came with 60,000 monks to the groundbreaking. Tradition	29.32
158 BC – 137 BC	Vesali	From the Mahavana monastery at Vesali, Elder Urududdharakkhita came with 18,000 monks. Tradition	29.33
158 BC – 137 BC	Kosambi	From the Ghositarama monastery at Kosambi, Elder Urudhammarakkhita came with 30,000 monks. Tradition	29.34
158 BC – 137 BC	Ujjeni	From Dakkhinagiri at Ujjeni, Elder Urusangharakkhita came with 40,000 monks. Tradition	29.35
158 BC – 137 BC	Pataliputta	From the Asokarama at Pupphapura (Pataliputta), Elder Mittinna came with 160,000 monks. Tradition	29.36
158 BC – 137 BC	Kasmira	From Kashmir, Elder Uttinna came with 280,000 monks. Tradition	29.37
158 BC – 137 BC	Pallavabhogga	From Pallavabhoga, Elder Mahadeva came with 460,000 monks. Tradition	29.38
158 BC – 137 BC	Alasanda	From Alasanda, a city of the Yona (Greek) people, Elder Yonamahadhammarakkhita came with 30,000 monks. Tradition	29.39
158 BC – 137 BC	Anuradhapura	Gamani had eight ministers set eight bricks as the foundation stone; the earth shook, and Elder Piyadassi preached, and 40,000 people took refuge. Fiction	29.59-63
158 BC – 137 BC	Anuradhapura	Novices Uttara and Sumana brought six large stones from Uttarakuru and built the relic chamber. Fiction	30.57-60
158 BC – 137 BC	Anuradhapura	King Gamani carried the relic casket on his head, circled the stupa three times with the Sangha, and enshrined it in the Great Stupa. Tradition	31.93-94
137 BC	Anuradhapura	King Gamani fell gravely ill, called his younger brother Tissa from Dighavapi, and entrusted him with finishing the Great Stupa. Tradition	32.1-3
137 BC – 119 BC	Dighavapi	Saddhatissa built a monastery and stupa at each yojana from Anuradhapura to Dighavapi, and founded the Dighavapi monastery and cetiya. Tradition	33
119 BC – 110 BC	Anuradhapura	Lanjatissa built the Girikumbhila monastery at Dighavapi and offered three stone terraces to the Great Stupa. Tradition	33
104 BC	Anuradhapura	General Kammahatthaka subdued Kalatanaga in the capital, but his younger brother Vattagamani killed him and became king. Tradition	33.33-34
104 BC	Mahatittha	Five months after Vattagamani took the throne, the Brahmin Tissa of Rohana rebelled; seven Tamils landed at Mahatittha and demanded the king's parasol. Tradition	33.37-40
78 BC – 64 BC	Anuradhapura	In the first year of his reign, Mahakuli Mahatissa disguised himself and offered alms to the monks with wages earned from harvest work. Pending	34.1-4
64 BC – 52 BC	Anuradhapura	After taking the throne, the rebel Korannaga destroyed eighteen monasteries that had given no shelter during his rebellion. Pending	34.11-13
52 BC – 46 BC	Anuradhapura	Queen Anula poisoned her lovers one after another to place Siva, Bhatuka, Tissa and Nillaya on the throne, and finally ruled herself for four months. Pending	34.16-28
46 BC	Anuradhapura	Kutakannatissa, who had left the monkhood, returned with troops, killed the wicked Queen Anula, and became king. Pending	34.28-30
46 BC – 24 BC	Mihintale	On Ketiya Mountain at Mihintale, Kutakannatissa set up an uposatha hall, a stone thupa and a bodhi tree, and built a city wall seven cubits high around the capital. Tradition	34.30-34
24 BC – AD 5	Anuradhapura	Bhatikabhaya had fragrant paste applied to the Great Stupa, from the lower terrace up to the parasol, four fingers thick, and had flowers pressed into it. Tradition	34.37-42
AD 29 – 32	Mihintale	King Kanirajanutissa arrested sixty monks charged with treason and confined them on Ketiya Mountain.	35.9-10
AD 33	Anuradhapura	Ilanaga, nephew of Amanda, drove out Sivali and raised the parasol in the capital.	35.14
AD 33	Anuradhapura	Pursued by the Lambakannas, Ilanaga crossed to the western coast by boat with an elephant's help, stayed three years, then raised troops and landed at Sankarasobha port in Rohana.	35.26-29
AD 33 – 39	Mahagama	At Harikarapitti near Mahagama, Ilanaga fought the Lambakannas, and both sides suffered heavy losses.	35.33-37
AD 48	Anuradhapura	At the Tissa Tank festival games, his younger brother Yasalalakatissa killed his elder brother Chandamukha Siva and became king.	35.49
AD 137 – 161	Anuradhapura	Bhatikatissaka built a wall around the Mahavihara.	36.1-2
AD 161 – 179	Anuradhapura	Kanitthatissaka built the Ratanapasada at Abhayagiri for Elder Mahanaga.	36.6-8
AD 180 – 182	Anuradhapura	During the Ekanalika Great Famine, King Kunchanaga kept the offerings for 500 monks flowing without interruption.	36.19-20
AD 182	Anuradhapura	General Sirinaga, the queen's brother, marched on the capital with cavalry and troops, attacked Kunchanaga, and seized the throne.	36.20-23
AD 223 – 231	Anuradhapura	Abhayanaga, the queen's lover, fled when his elder brother noticed, sailed from Balatittha across the sea to India, and left his uncle Subhadeva behind, splitting the kingdom.	36.40-45
AD 263	Anuradhapura	For the coronation of Mahasena, Elder Sanghamitta came across the sea from the opposite shore to perform the consecration rite.	37.1-2
AD 263 – 272	Anuradhapura	At Sanghamitta's urging, the king allowed the Mahavihara to be destroyed, and it was left without monks for nine years.	37.7
AD 263 – 272	Anuradhapura	Minister Sona and the monks tore down the seven-storey Lohapasada and moved its timber to Abhayagiri.	37.10-11
AD 263 – 290	Anuradhapura	The king moved the large stone Buddha statue from the Pacchinatissapabbata monastery to Abhayagiri and set it up there.	37.14
AD 263 – 290	Mahagama	Megavannabhaya, acting in place of a friend, was enraged by the destruction of the Mahavihara, raised troops in Malaya and camped at Lake Dhuratissaka; the king marched out to meet him.	37.17-19

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