Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms): a Chronicle / record source. Covers 1122 BC – AD 936, with 119 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.
| Type | Chronicle / record |
|---|---|
| Viewpoint | Insider account |
| Years covered | 1122 BC – AD 936 |
| Events | 119 events, 96 placed on the map |
| Author | 一然(일연) |
| Original title | 三國遺事 |
Regions: Korean Peninsula 79 · China 24
| Year | Place | Event | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1122 BC | In the year Gimyo when King Wu of Zhou ascended, Gija was enfeoffed in Joseon (Dangun moved to Jangdanggyeong). Fiction | 紀異第一 古朝鮮 | |
| 109 BC | Han envoy Seop Ha admonished Ugeo, but Ugeo did not comply; on his return, at the Paesu where the Joseon Bi-king Jang had come to see him off, Seop Ha stabbed him to death. | 紀異第一 魏滿朝鮮 | |
| 109 BC | Pyongyang | General Yang Bok, commander of the warship, with seven thousand Qi troops reached Wanghyeom first but was defeated by Ugeo; General Sun Chae could not break the western army at the Paesu. | 紀異第一 魏滿朝鮮 |
| 108 BC | Pyongyang | In summer, Ni-gyesang Cham had Ugeo killed and surrendered. | 紀異第一 魏滿朝鮮 |
| 108 BC | Pyongyang | Seong-i rebelled again; it was put down, and the four commanderies of Jinbeon, Imdun, Nangnang and Hyeondo were established. | 紀異第一 魏滿朝鮮 |
| 69 BC | Gyeongju | On the first day of the third month the chiefs of the six villages gathered at the bank of the Alcheon and discussed seeking a ruler. Tradition | 紀異第一 新羅始祖赫居世王 |
| 57 BC | Gyeongju | Hyeokgeose became king at thirteen, took Alyeong as his queen, and named the country Seorabeol. Tradition | 紀異第一 新羅始祖赫居世王 |
| 39 BC | Gyeongju | A man of Byeonhan led his state and surrendered to Silla. Pending | 紀異第一 卞韓百濟 |
| 37 BC | Gyeongju | Silla built Geumseong (entry from the royal chronology table). Tradition | 王曆 |
| 37 BC | Jumong, with Oi and two others, reached Eomsu, where fish and turtles formed a bridge for them to cross. Fiction | 紀異第一 高句麗 | |
| 37 BC | Huanren (Jolbon) | Jumong arrived at Jolbonju, founded the capital and named the state Goguryeo; he ascended the throne at twelve. Tradition | 紀異第一 高句麗 |
| 28 BC | Gyeongju | A man of Nangnang came to Silla and submitted. Pending | 紀異第一 樂浪國 |
| 18 BC | Jiksan (Wirye) | Onjo, the third son of King Dongmyeong, went from Jolbon Buyeo to Wiryeseong, made it his capital and called himself king. Tradition | 紀異第二 南扶餘 前百濟 |
| 5 BC | Gwangju, Gyeonggi (Hansan) | In the fourteenth year of Onjo the capital was moved to Hansan (today's Gwangju). Tradition | 紀異第二 南扶餘 前百濟 |
| AD 3 | Gungnae | Goguryeo moved its capital to Gungnaeseong (also called Bulseong). Tradition | 王曆 |
| AD 4 | Gyeongju | Namhae Chachaung ascended the throne and reigned for twenty-one years. Pending | 紀異第一 第二南解王 |
| AD 4 – 23 | Gyeongju | A man of Nangnang invaded Geumseong, failed to win and went back. Pending | 紀異第一 第二南解王 |
| AD 22 | King Muhyul of Goguryeo attacked Dongbuyeo, killed King Daeso and wiped out the state. Tradition | 紀異第一 東扶餘 | |
| AD 26 – 27 | Pyongyang | King Muhyul of Goguryeo (Daemusin) destroyed Nangnang, and its people together with the people of Daebang surrendered to Silla. Tradition | 紀異第一 樂浪國 |
| AD 37 | Gyeongju | The people of Iseo came and attacked Silla's Geumseong. Tradition | 紀異第一 伊西國 |
| AD 42 | Cheongdo (Iseo) | Silla attacked Iseo and destroyed it (in the same year Goguryeo troops invaded). Tradition | 紀異第一 第三弩禮王 |
| AD 42 | Gimhae (Garak/Geumgwan) | In the third month, on the day of the Gyeyok rite, at Guji peak a heavenly voice sounded and six eggs descended in a golden box hung from a purple cord; the first to hatch, Suro, became king of Garak. Tradition | 紀異第二 駕洛國記 |
| AD 43 | Gimhae (Garak/Geumgwan) | In the first month King Suro went to Sindap-pyeong to choose a capital, and built a great wall of 1,500 bo and a palace. Tradition | 紀異第二 駕洛國記 |
| AD 43 – 48 | Gimhae (Garak/Geumgwan) | Talhae, who came from Wanha country, said he would take the throne; in a contest of arts Suro turned into a hawk, eagle, sparrow and sparrowhawk and won, and Talhae fled by boat to the land of Gyerim. Fiction | 紀異第二 駕洛國記 |
| AD 48 | Gimhae (Garak/Geumgwan) | On the twenty-seventh day of the seventh month a boat with red sails and red flags came from the southwest sea; Princess Heo Hwang-ok of Ayuta country arrived, and on the first day of the eighth month she returned to the palace with King Suro. Tradition | 紀異第二 駕洛國記 |
| AD 57 | Gyeongju | In the sixth month Talhae ascended the throne and took Seok as his family name. Tradition | 紀異第一 第四脫解王 |
| AD 60 | Wolseong, Gyeongju | On the fourth day of the eighth month Hogong discovered a boy (Alji) inside a golden chest in the Sirim village west of Wolseong. Fiction | 紀異第一 金閼智 |
| AD 157 | Yeongil | Yeonorang and Seooyeo of the eastern sea shore were carried on a rock (a fish) to Japan, became king and queen; the sun and moon of Silla lost their light. Fiction | 紀異第一 延烏郎 細烏女 |
| AD 189 | Gimhae (Garak/Geumgwan) | On the first day of the third month Queen Heo died at the age of 157 and was buried northeast of Guji. Tradition | 紀異第二 駕洛國記 |
| AD 199 | Gimhae (Garak/Geumgwan) | On the twenty-third day of the third month King Suro died at the age of 158, was buried in the Suneung tomb, and King Geodeung succeeded him. Tradition | 紀異第二 駕洛國記 |
| AD 284 – 298 | Gyeongju | When Iseo invaded Geumseong, strange soldiers with bamboo leaves stuck in their ears came to help and defeated the enemy. Fiction | 紀異第一 末鄒王 竹葉軍 |
| AD 334 | Pyongyang | King Gugwon of Goguryeo enlarged Pyongyang fortress. Tradition | 王曆 |
| AD 342 | Wandu | In the eighth month King Gugwon of Goguryeo moved the capital to Ansi fortress (that is, Hwando fortress). Tradition | 王曆 |
| AD 371 | Yangju | King Geunchogo took Goguryeo's Nam Pyongyang and moved the capital to Bukhansung (today's Yangju). Tradition | 紀異第二 南扶餘 前百濟 |
| AD 390 | The king of Wa sent envoys asking for a prince; they sent his third son Mihae, aged ten. Wa did not return him for thirty years. Tradition | 紀異第一 奈勿王 金堤上 | |
| AD 407 | Gimhae (Garak/Geumgwan) | King Jwaji took a dragon woman (Yong-nyeo) as his wife, filled offices with her kin and the country fell into disorder; Gyerim planned to attack, and on the advice of Bak Wondo the dragon woman was banished to Hasan island. | 紀異第二 駕洛國記 坐知王 |
| AD 413 | Yangju | A great bridge was built at Pyongyang-ju (South Pyongyang, today's Yangju); King Silseong feared Nulji and tried to harm him, but was himself killed. | 紀異第一 第十八實聖王 |
| AD 425 | Goseong | Jesang entered Goguryeo and on the fifteenth day of the fifth month escaped with Bohae through the Goseong Sugu gate; struck by a blunt arrow from a pursuer's bow, he returned safely. | 紀異第一 奈勿王 金堤上 |
| AD 425 | Jesang went to Wa and helped Mihae escape at foggy dawn; he himself was burned to death on Namu island, saying: I would rather be a dog or pig of Gyerim than a vassal of Wa. | 紀異第一 奈勿王 金堤上 | |
| AD 427 | Pyongyang | King Jangsu of Goguryeo moved the capital to Pyongyang fortress. | 王曆 |
| AD 452 | Gimhae (Garak/Geumgwan) | King Jilji established Wanghusa temple at the place of the wedding of Suro and Queen Heo, and offered ten gyeol of fields. | 紀異第二 駕洛國記 |
| AD 475 | Gongju (Ungjin) | King Munju moved the capital to Ungcheon (today's Gongju). | 紀異第二 南扶餘 前百濟 |
| AD 479 | Gyeongju | Troops of Wa invaded; Myeonghwal fortress was built for the first time and people fled into it (the siege of Yangju fortress was lifted). | 王曆 |
| AD 488 | Gyeongju | King Bicheo, on a progress to Cheoncheonjeong, was guided by a crow and a rat to a letter from an old man at the pond; following the letter's instruction to shoot the zither box, he killed the inner monk; this is the origin of the Ogiil (Day of the Crow) on the first full moon. | 紀異第一 射琴匣 |
| AD 500 – 514 | Ichan Bak Ijong led troops to attack Ureung-do; loading a wooden lion onto his ship, he threatened: unless you submit I will unleash this beast, and forced their surrender. | 紀異第一 智哲老王 | |
| AD 532 | Gimhae (Garak/Geumgwan) | King Guhyeong of Garak surrendered to Silla, offering up his land; since King Suro the state came to an end. | 王曆 |
| AD 532 – 562 | Gimhae (Garak/Geumgwan) | When King Jinheung of Silla raised troops and attacked Garak, King Guhyeong, outnumbered, surrendered the country (the year is given as either 532 or 562). | 紀異第二 駕洛國記 仇衡王 |
| AD 538 | Buyeo (Sabi) | In spring King Seong of Baekje moved the capital to Sabi and named the country Nam Buyeo. | 紀異第二 南扶餘 前百濟 |
| AD 554 | In the ninth month Baekje troops attacked Jinseong and took thirty-nine thousand men and women and eight thousand horses away. | 紀異第一 真興王 | |
| AD 600 – 641 | Mireuksa, Iksan | Seodong (King Mu) dug up yams, married Princess Seonhwa, obtained gold, and by the magic of Monk Jimyeong filled a pond to build Mireuksa temple. | 紀異第二 武王 |
| AD 632 – 647 | Gyeongju | Using the sound of frogs, they killed five hundred Baekje soldiers hidden in Yeogeun valley in the western suburbs, and also destroyed General Useo and the twelve hundred who followed. | 紀異第一 善德王知幾三事 |
| AD 659 | Buyeo (Sabi) | At Ohoe-sa a large red horse circled the temple day and night; a pack of foxes entered the palace, and a white fox sat on the desk of the Jwapyeong; such prodigies followed one after another. | 紀異第一 大宗春秋公 |
| AD 660 | Kim Inmun asked the Tang for troops; Emperor Gaozong made Su Dingfang commander of the Shenqiu Road and sent an army of 130,000. | 紀異第一 大宗春秋公 | |
| AD 660 | Su Dingfang crossed the sea from Seongsan to Deokmul island in the west of the country; the king of Silla gave Kim Yusin fifty thousand elite soldiers to join him. | 紀異第一 大宗春秋公 | |
| AD 660 | Hwangsanseong, Nonsan | Gyebaek of Baekje advanced to Hwangsan with five thousand death-defying troops and fought the Silla army four times, winning each time, but was in the end defeated and died. | 紀異第一 大宗春秋公 |
| AD 660 | Buyeo (Sabi) | When Su Dingfang surrounded the capital, Uija's son Tae opened the gate and surrendered, and King Uija and crown prince Yung all surrendered. | 紀異第一 大宗春秋公 |
| AD 660 | Gongju (Ungjin) | Baekje was divided into five Great Protectorates (Ungjin, Mahan, Dongmyeong, Geumnyeon, Deogan) and Yu Inwon was ordered to guard the capital. | 紀異第一 大宗春秋公 |
| AD 661 – 681 | Gyeongju | Prince Cha Deukgong, younger brother of King Munmu, left the capital dressed as a layman with a pipa, to look into the conditions of the common people. | 紀異第二 文虎王法敏 |
| AD 661 – 681 | Gangneung | Cha Deukgong passed through Asulla-ju (Myeongju). | 紀異第二 文虎王法敏 |
| AD 661 – 681 | Chuncheon | He passed through Usu-ju (today's Chuncheon). | 紀異第二 文虎王法敏 |
| AD 661 – 681 | Chungju | He passed through Bukwon-gyeong (today's Chungju). | 紀異第二 文虎王法敏 |
| AD 661 – 681 | Gwangju (Mujin) | On reaching Mujin-ju he wandered through the villages, was treated with great hospitality by a man named Ju-ri An-gil, and was told to come find him at the house of the Dano festival between the two temples of Hwangnyong and Hwangseong in the capital. | 紀異第二 文虎王法敏 |
| AD 661 | Gimhae (Garak/Geumgwan) | In the third month King Munmu enshrined King Suro as the fifteenth-generation founder, and offered thirty gyeong of rice field near the shrine as the royal land to continue the sacrifices. | 紀異第二 駕洛國記 |
| AD 662 | Pyongyang | Su Dingfang, as Grand Commander of the Pyongyang route, broke Goguryeo troops at the Paegang, camped at Mauem Mountain and surrounded Pyongyang fortress; but heavy snow forced him to lift the siege and return. | 紀異第一 大宗春秋公 |
| AD 662 – 668 | Pyongyang | When the Tang army stationed outside Pyongyang urged the delivery of provisions, Kim Yusin and Inmun led tens of thousands into Goguryeo territory and carried twenty thousand seok of grain to them. | 紀異第一 大宗春秋公 |
| AD 665 | Gongju (Ungjin) | King Munmu went to Ungjin fortress, built an altar with Buyeo Yung and sealed a pact by slaughtering a white horse. | 紀異第一 大宗春秋公 |
| AD 668 | Pyongyang | King Munmu led his army to Pyongyang, joined the Tang forces and destroyed Goguryeo. | 紀異第二 文虎王法敏 |
| AD 671 – 674 | Sacheonwangsa site, Gyeongju | When the Tang army was said to be coming, Myeongnang built Sacheonwangsa of colored silk, made images of the five-directional guardians and performed secret rites; wind and waves rose and all the Tang ships sank. | 紀異第二 文虎王法敏 |
| AD 674 | In the second month the Tang made Yu Inkwi the commander of the Gyerim route to attack Silla (there were signs that the Tang troops, staying behind, would strike Silla). | 紀異第二 文虎王法敏 | |
| AD 679 | Sacheonwangsa site, Gyeongju | Later the temple was rebuilt and named Sacheonwangsa. | 紀異第二 文虎王法敏 |
| AD 681 | King Munmu died in the twenty-first year of his reign and, according to his will, was buried on a great rock in the middle of the East Sea (wishing to become a great dragon protecting the country). | 紀異第二 文虎王法敏 | |
| AD 681 | Gyeongju | King Sinmun ascended on the seventh day of the seventh month and built Gameunsa on the East Sea shore for his father. | 紀異第二 万波息笛 |
| AD 681 | Gimhae (Garak/Geumgwan) | King Sinmun, on his accession, made the old land of Garak into Geumgwan-gyeong and established a governor. | 紀異第二 駕洛國記 |
| AD 702 – 737 | Gangneung | Lady Suro, wife of Lord Sunjeong on his way to be governor of Gangneung, asked on a seaside lunch for azaleas on a cliff; an old man offered the flowers. Two days later at Imhaejeong a sea dragon carried her off, and it returned her only at the people's sea song. Fiction | 紀異第二 水路夫人 |
| AD 706 – 707 | When the people starved from famine, from the first day of the first month the next year through the thirtieth day of the seventh month, three doe of grain were given daily per person for relief (a total of 305,000 seok). | 紀異第二 聖德王 | |
| AD 722 | Gyeongju | In the tenth month a gate was built at Mohwa-gun as a barrier against Japan; the wall circuit was 6,792 bo and forty-two thousand men were mobilized. | 紀異第二 孝成王 |
| AD 742 – 765 | Gyeongju | On the third day of the third month King Gyeongdeok, climbing the Gwijeong gate tower, summoned the monk Chungdam on the road, received tea from him, and asked him to compose the Anminga (Song of Pacifying the People). | 紀異第二 景德王 忠談師 表訓大德 |
| AD 767 | Gyeongju | On the third day of the seventh month the gakgan Daegong rebelled; the ninety-six gakgan of the capital and the five provinces fought one another, and great turmoil continued for three months. | 紀異第二 惠恭王 |
| AD 779 | Gyeongju | In the fourth month a whirlwind rose at the tomb of Kim Yusin, entered the tomb of King Michu and complained; King Hyegong apologized and gave thirty gyeol of meritorious estate. | 紀異第一 末鄒王 竹葉軍 |
| AD 785 | Gyeongju | When King Seondeok died, Ichan Kim Juwon could not cross because the Alcheon river had swelled; meanwhile Gyeongsin, who was not in the line of succession, entered the palace first and ascended the throne. | 紀異第二 元聖大王 |
| AD 795 | Gyeongju | A Tang envoy came to the capital, stayed a month and returned. | 紀異第二 元聖大王 |
| AD 795 | Hayang | King Wonseong pursued the envoy as far as Hayang-gwan, held a banquet, and had the three small dragons made by the Tang envoy released. Fiction | 紀異第二 元聖大王 |
| AD 808 | On the fifteenth day of the eighth month it snowed. | 紀異第二 早雪 | |
| AD 818 | On the fourteenth day of the third month a great snow fell. | 紀異第二 早雪 | |
| AD 826 | Gyeongju | When King Heungdeok ascended, envoys soon brought a pair of parrots from the Tang; when the female died, the male saw its reflection in a mirror and died. | 紀異第二 興德王鸚鵡 |
| AD 839 | On the nineteenth day of the fifth month a great snow fell; on the first day of the eighth month the sky and earth turned dark. | 紀異第二 早雪 | |
| AD 839 | Cheonghaejin, Wando | King Sinmu, after his accession, Gungbok (Gungbo) of the Cheonghae garrison, resentful of having been broken of a promise, was lured by Yeomjang and killed with a sword. | 紀異第二 神武大王閻長 弓巴 |
| AD 861 | Gyeongju | King Gyeongmun (Eungnyeom) ascended by the will of King Heonan; the story that his ears became donkey's ears. | 紀異第二 四十八景文大王 |
| AD 867 | Sangju | Gyeon Hwon was born in Gaeun district of Sangju; his father Ajagae proclaimed himself a general at Sabulseong. | 紀異第二 後百濟 甄萱 |
| AD 875 – 886 | Ulsan | When King Heongang lost his way in fog at Gaeunpo, the dragon of the East Sea brought his seven sons, offered a dance, and one of them, Cheoyong, followed to the capital and assisted in government. Fiction | 紀異第二 處容郎 望海寺 |
| AD 887 – 897 | Gyeongju | Lady Bu-ho and Wi-hong, the royal nurse, abused power and bandits swarmed; Wang Geo-in, who threw dharani coded verses on the road, was jailed and freed when lightning struck. Tradition | 紀異第二 真聖女大王居陀知 |
| AD 887 – 897 | Yang Pae, sent as envoy to the Tang, was blocked by storms at Gokdo; by lots, the remaining archer Geotaji shot an old fox at the request of the West Sea dragon and won the dragon's daughter as wife. | 紀異第二 真聖女大王居陀知 | |
| AD 889 – 892 | Gwangju (Mujin) | Gyeon Hwon attacked Mujin-ju and proclaimed himself king, but did not use the official title, calling himself Commander of the Southwest Silla. | 紀異第二 後百濟 甄萱 |
| AD 892 | Gwangju (Mujin) | Gyeon Hwon first established his capital at Gwangju. | 王曆 |
| AD 896 | Cheorwon | Gung Ye made Cheorwon fortress his capital. | 王曆 |
| AD 897 | Gaeseong | Gung Ye moved the capital to Songak district. | 王曆 |
| AD 900 | Jeonju (Wansan) | Gyeon Hwon proclaimed himself king of Later Baekje at Wansan and set up an official system, declaring that he would avenge the grudge of Baekje. | 紀異第二 後百濟 甄萱 |
| AD 912 | Gyeongju | At the outer gate of Bongseongsa, magpies built nests in twenty-one bays, an omen that continued. | 紀異第二 孝恭王 |
| AD 918 | Cheorwon | In the sixth month Gung Ye died and Taejo ascended the throne at Cheorwon-gyeong. | 王曆 |
| AD 918 – 919 | Sacheonwangsa site, Gyeongju | The dogs in the painting on the wall of Sacheonwangsa barked; the next year the shadow of the Hwangnyongsa tower stood upside down and the strings of the five-direction bows snapped, a series of prodigies. | 紀異第二 景明王 |
| AD 918 | Cheorwon | When public feeling in Cheorwon-gyeong turned and Taejo was raised to the throne, Gyeon Hwon sent envoys to congratulate him, offering a peacock fan and arrow bamboo from Mount Jiri. | 紀異第二 後百濟 甄萱 |
| AD 919 | Gaeseong | Taejo moved the capital to Songak district (in this year ten temples, including Beopwangsa and Jaunsa, were built). | 王曆 |
| AD 920 | In the tenth month Gyeon Hwon led three thousand cavalry to Jomul fortress and clashed with Taejo; with no decision reached they made peace and exchanged hostages. | 紀異第二 後百濟 甄萱 | |
| AD 924 | Gyeongju | On the nineteenth day of the second month a Hundred Seats Sutra lecture was held at Hwangnyongsa and three hundred Seon monks were given offerings. | 紀異第二 景哀王 |
| AD 927 | In the ninth month Gyeon Hwon attacked Silla, reached Goulbu, and King Gyeongae asked Taejo of Goryeo for relief. | 紀異第二 金傅大王 | |
| AD 927 | Gyeongju | In the eleventh month Gyeon Hwon invaded the royal capital, caught King Gyeongae feasting at Posokjeong and killed him, and set up Kim Bu. | 紀異第二 金傅大王 |
| AD 927 | In the ninth month Gyeon Hwon attacked and took Geunpum fortress and burned it; then he invaded Goulbu and Gyeongju. | 紀異第二 後百濟 甄萱 | |
| AD 927 | Daegu | Taejo fought Gyeon Hwon with five thousand picked troops below Gongsan and was badly beaten; Kim Rak and Sunggyeom died, and Taejo barely escaped with his life. | 紀異第二 後百濟 甄萱 |
| AD 928 | Gyeongju | In the third month Taejo arrived in the capital with fifty horsemen; the king met him in the outskirts and held a banquet at Imhaejeon. | 紀異第二 金傅大王 |
| AD 930 | Andong | Gyeon Hwon tried to attack Gochang county, but Taejo set up camp at Byeongsan and fought several times; Gyeon Hwon was defeated and Sunseong fell. | 紀異第二 後百濟 甄萱 |
| AD 932 | In the ninth month Gyeon Hwon led ships under Ilgil into the Yeseong river of Goryeo, stayed three days, burned more than a hundred ships from Yeomju, Baekju and Jinju, and left. | 紀異第二 後百濟 甄萱 | |
| AD 934 | When Gyeon Hwon learned that Taejo was staying at Unju, he made a surprise attack, but Yu Geompil struck with cavalry and cut down more than three thousand; thirty-odd fortresses north of Ungjin surrendered. | 紀異第二 後百濟 甄萱 | |
| AD 935 | Gyeongju | In the tenth month King Gyeongsun discussed with his ministers surrendering the whole country to Taejo, and the crown prince left for Mount Gaegol. | 紀異第二 金傅大王 |
| AD 935 | In the third month Singeom and Yeongsun confined Gyeon Hwon at Buu in Geumsan, killed Geumgang and established himself. | 紀異第二 後百濟 甄萱 | |
| AD 936 | Seonsan (Ilseon) | In the ninth month Taejo led three armies, joined at Cheonan, advanced to Ilseon, and faced Singeom's army at Illicheon, where the Later Baekje army collapsed. | 紀異第二 後百濟 甄萱 |
| AD 936 | Hwangsanseong, Nonsan | Gyeon Hwon, from worry and rage, developed a boil on his back and died within days at the Hwangsan temple (aged seventy). | 紀異第二 後百濟 甄萱 |
| — | Myohyangsan | Hwanung led three thousand followers down to the sacred sandalwood tree on the summit of Mount Taebaek and opened the city of Sinsi. | 紀異第一 古朝鮮 |
| — | Pyongyang | Dangun Wanggeom made Pyongyang fortress his capital and first called the state Joseon. | 紀異第一 古朝鮮 |
| — | Pyongyang | Wiman, a man of Yan, fled and, with more than a thousand followers, crossed the Paesu and made Wanghyeom his capital. | 紀異第一 魏滿朝鮮 |
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