13 events the sources record for this year, grouped by region.
What happened
China (7)
Shaanxi troops broke the Song Tiger Head Pass and took Xingyuan and Yangzhou. (History of Jin (Jinshi), Annals 金史 卷015 宣宗 興定三年3月)
Mongol troops swept through Dongsheng Prefecture, and Jiedushi Bode Yuge died in battle. (History of Jin (Jinshi), Annals 金史 卷015 宣宗 興定三年9月)
Mongol troops pacified Jin'an Prefecture (Jiangzhou); Acting Field Marshal Zhan Ge Zhen died. (History of Jin (Jinshi), Annals 金史 卷015 宣宗 興定三年11月)
The Jin besieged the Anfeng Army and Guangzhou, attacked the Guanghua Army and broke Yunshan County. (History of Song (Songshi), Annals 宋史卷040 嘉定十二年)
Li Quan led troops to Qizhou, and the prefect Wang Yun surrendered by handing over the city. (History of Song (Songshi), Annals 宋史卷040 嘉定十二年)
When the western regions killed envoys, the emperor personally led a campaign, took the city of Otrar, and captured its chief, Hazhi'er Zhilantu. (History of Yuan (Yuanshi), Annals 元史 卷1 太祖 1219年 6月)
In the fifth month Rou (Zhang Rou) besieged Zhongshan Fu; Xian sent his general Ge Tiechiang to meet him at Xinle, and Liu fought on even after taking an arrow, while Ge Tiechiang suffered a great defeat and thousands died. (Xu Zizhi Tongjian (Continuation of the Comprehensive Mirror) 권161 五月 단락161.32.8)
Korean Peninsula (3)
Jo Chung and Kim Chwi-ryeo join the Mongol and Eastern Jin forces, surround Gangdong Fortress, and the Khitan remnants open the gates and surrender. (Goryeosa (History of Goryeo) 世家 卷22 高宗 六年)
Vice-Commander of the Chumilwon Yi Geuk-su and others divide their forces and are ordered to subdue Uiju. (Goryeosa (History of Goryeo) 世家 卷22 高宗 六年)
January 1219: the Khitan in Gangdongseong surrender; Hajin and Chala conclude a brotherhood pact with Jo Chung and Kim Chwi-ryeo (Goryeosa Jeolyo (Essentials of Goryeo History) 권15 高宗 六年)
West Asia (1)
After returning from Kitai he resolved on a campaign into the Tajik (Iranian) lands; arriving at Otrar, he placed Jochi, Chagatai, and Ögedei on the Khwarazm front. (Rashid al-Din, Jami' al-tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles) 87460_djvu.txt 줄 13213–13215)
Eastern Europe & Russia (2)
The mayor of Russa fought the Lithuanians and lost; the Lithuanian army seized the horses and went home. (Karamzin, History of the Russian State 제3권 VI장)
Mstislav sends his son Vsevolod and asks for Sviatoslav to be returned. (Novgorod First Chronicle litopys 기사 1219년)