World map in AD 1609 — territory by country

Frame AD 1609 — world borders from AD 1609 to AD 1611. 100 countries have territory in this frame, and the largest is Spanish Empire (≈ 6.51 million km²).

Countries with territory in this frame (100, largest first)

Rank	Country	Area
1	Spanish Empire	≈ 6.51 million km²
2	Tsardom of Russia	≈ 5.12 million km²
3	Ming dynasty	≈ 3.85 million km²
4	Ottoman Empire	≈ 3.80 million km²
5	Golden Horde	≈ 3.51 million km²
6	Mughal Empire	≈ 2.83 million km²
7	Safavid dynasty	≈ 2.63 million km²
8	Kazakh Khanate	≈ 2.56 million km²
9	Tibet	≈ 1.55 million km²
10	Moghulistan	≈ 936 thousand km²
11	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	≈ 844 thousand km²
12	Iberian Union	≈ 798 thousand km²
13	Sweden	≈ 716 thousand km²
14	Funj Sultanate	≈ 627 thousand km²
15	Denmark–Norway	≈ 621 thousand km²
16	Ethiopian Empire	≈ 524 thousand km²
17	Mongol khanate	≈ 499 thousand km²
18	Kingdom of France	≈ 466 thousand km²
19	Ayutthaya Kingdom	≈ 450 thousand km²
20	Khanate of Bukhara	≈ 430 thousand km²
21	Tumed	≈ 414 thousand km²
22	First Toungoo Empire	≈ 400 thousand km²
23	Saadi Sultanate	≈ 384 thousand km²
24	Lan Xang	≈ 375 thousand km²
25	Dzungar Khanate	≈ 366 thousand km²
26	Habsburg monarchy	≈ 352 thousand km²
27	Kingdom of England	≈ 342 thousand km²
28	Kanem–Bornu Empire	≈ 339 thousand km²
29	Tokugawa shogunate	≈ 329 thousand km²
30	Holy Roman Empire	≈ 297 thousand km²
31	Sultanate of Darfur	≈ 296 thousand km²
32	Khoshut Khanate	≈ 291 thousand km²
33	Khmer Empire	≈ 274 thousand km²
34	Bijapur Sultanate	≈ 247 thousand km²
35	Joseon	≈ 235 thousand km²
36	Jesuit missions among the Guaraní	≈ 216 thousand km²
37	Johor Sultanate	≈ 208 thousand km²
38	Gorkha kingdom	≈ 148 thousand km²
39	Moghulistan	≈ 140 thousand km²
40	Kingdom of Kongo	≈ 132 thousand km²
41	Mali Empire	≈ 129 thousand km²
42	Khanate of Khiva	≈ 125 thousand km²
43	Sultanate of Brunei (1368–1888)	≈ 120 thousand km²
44	Golconda Sultanate	≈ 114 thousand km²
45	Nogai Horde	≈ 108 thousand km²
46	Trịnh lords	≈ 103 thousand km²
47	Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)	≈ 101 thousand km²
48	Nguyễn lords	≈ 90 thousand km²
49	Banten Sultanate	≈ 85 thousand km²
50	Aceh Sultanate	≈ 84 thousand km²
51	Moldavia	≈ 82 thousand km²
52	Kingdom of Mrauk U	≈ 77 thousand km²
53	Palembang Sultanate	≈ 75 thousand km²
54	Wallachia	≈ 74 thousand km²
55	Haudenosaunee	≈ 72 thousand km²
56	Malacca Sultanate	≈ 66 thousand km²
57	Don Cossacks	≈ 64 thousand km²
58	Crimean Khanate	≈ 59 thousand km²
59	Ahmadnagar Sultanate	≈ 56 thousand km²
60	Portuguese Ceylon	≈ 54 thousand km²
61	Lanna Kingdom	≈ 53 thousand km²
62	Republic of Venice	≈ 50 thousand km²
63	Madurai Nayak dynasty	≈ 48 thousand km²
64	Mataram Sultanate	≈ 45 thousand km²
65	Margraviate of Brandenburg	≈ 44 thousand km²
66	Switzerland	≈ 44 thousand km²
67	Papal States	≈ 42 thousand km²
68	House of Savoy	≈ 40 thousand km²
69	Sultanate of Banjar	≈ 39 thousand km²
70	Duchy of Prussia	≈ 39 thousand km²
71	Duchy of Bavaria	≈ 35 thousand km²
72	Itza people	≈ 33 thousand km²
73	Dutch Republic	≈ 32 thousand km²
74	Bidar Sultanate	≈ 32 thousand km²
75	Sultanate of Cirebon	≈ 31 thousand km²
76	Blambangan Kingdom	≈ 28 thousand km²
77	Electorate of Saxony	≈ 26 thousand km²
78	Sultan of Perak	≈ 24 thousand km²
79	Bali Kingdom	≈ 22 thousand km²
80	Patani Kingdom	≈ 20 thousand km²
81	Republic of Florence	≈ 20 thousand km²
82	Kingdom of Mysore	≈ 18 thousand km²
83	Duchy of Lorraine	≈ 17 thousand km²
84	Electorate of Trier	≈ 17 thousand km²
85	Republic of Genoa	≈ 16 thousand km²
86	Thanjavur Nayak kingdom	≈ 15 thousand km²
87	Kedah Sultanate	≈ 13 thousand km²
88	Mạc dynasty	≈ 10 thousand km²
89	Champa	≈ 7,917 km²
90	Oyo Empire	≈ 6,032 km²
91	Sultanate of Sulu	≈ 3,844 km²
92	Sultanate of Gowa	≈ 2,613 km²
93	New France	≈ 2,509 km²
94	Comtat Venaissin	≈ 2,319 km²
95	Sultan	≈ 2,155 km²
96	English overseas possessions	≈ 1,563 km²
97	Republic of Ragusa	≈ 1,540 km²
98	Portuguese Empire	≈ 1,134 km²
99	Kathmandu	≈ 661 km²
100	County of Urgell	≈ 309 km²

Map of this frame (only countries over 400,000 km², simplified)

New countries in this frame (5)

Dzungar Khanate · Sultanate of Darfur · New France · English overseas possessions · Oyo Empire

Countries that disappeared in this frame (3)

Songhai Empire · Sultanate of Maguindanao · Kingdom of Scotland

Directions of expansion (2)

These are cases where one country’s land grew into another country’s former land (not actual routes of advance).

Safavid dynasty → former land of Ottoman Empire, ≈ 455 thousand km²
Spanish Empire → former land of Sultanate of Maguindanao, ≈ 107 thousand km²

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