12 events the sources record for this year, grouped by region.
What happened
China (5)
Right State Councilor Sin Gyeong-jin, having arrived at Shenyang, sends a report. (Annals of the Joseon Dynasty 仁祖實錄 十六年 · 仁祖實錄 36책 36권 20장 A면 · 기사 wpa_11602028_004)
Uiju Magistrate Im Gyeong-eop reports on the appearance of Chinese ships and a letter. (Annals of the Joseon Dynasty 仁祖實錄 十六年 · 仁祖實錄 36책 36권 32장 B면 · 기사 wpa_11604017_001)
In the fourth month they were stationed at Pokedoli; Yekeshu (葉克書) and others reported victory in the Heilongjiang campaign. (Draft History of Qing (Qingshigao) 清史稿 卷3 崇德3年四月)
Dodo, joining Jirgalang's forces, headed for Zhonghouso; Zu Dashou, going to relieve Beijing, attacked the Later Jin forces at night. (Draft History of Qing (Qingshigao) 清史稿 卷3 崇德3年)
Japan (1)
Battle of Shimabara: Itakura Shigemasa fell in battle, and the castle fell after Matsudaira Nobutsuna arrived. (Rai Sanyō, Nihon Gaishi 卷之廿二 · part_08 L65)
Southeast Asia (1)
The king personally campaigned against the remnants of the Mạc in Cao Bằng. (Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư 本紀卷之十八 「'''戊寅，四年（明崇禎十一年）」)
Caid Muhammad et-Taregi is dismissed after one year and eight months (Tarikh al-Sudan (Chronicle of the Sudan) Houdas 1900 불역 장 XXXV (houdas1900_fr_djvu.txt 줄 17524))
The Americas (2)
In the year Prence was elected governor, three men who had committed robbery and murder were executed after trial. (Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation Bradford 1908 Jameson판 OCR l.16392)
Around June 1–2 there was a great earthquake. First came a sound like distant thunder, and it passed from north to south. (Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation Bradford 1908 Jameson판 OCR l.16552)