World map in AD 1659 — territory by country

Frame AD 1659 — world borders from AD 1659 to AD 1661. 114 countries have territory in this frame, and the largest is Tsardom of Russia (≈ 12.43 million km²).

Countries with territory in this frame (114, largest first)

Rank	Country	Area
1	Tsardom of Russia	≈ 12.43 million km²
2	Qing dynasty	≈ 6.23 million km²
3	Spanish Empire	≈ 6.23 million km²
4	Ottoman Empire	≈ 3.52 million km²
5	Mughal Empire	≈ 3.21 million km²
6	Safavid dynasty	≈ 2.62 million km²
7	Golden Horde	≈ 2.46 million km²
8	Kazakh Khanate	≈ 2.21 million km²
9	Tibet	≈ 1.55 million km²
10	Swedish Empire	≈ 946 thousand km²
11	Moghulistan	≈ 937 thousand km²
12	Portuguese Empire	≈ 901 thousand km²
13	Oirat Confederation	≈ 839 thousand km²
14	Spain	≈ 678 thousand km²
15	First Toungoo Empire	≈ 633 thousand km²
16	Funj Sultanate	≈ 626 thousand km²
17	Ethiopian Empire	≈ 587 thousand km²
18	Kingdom of France	≈ 488 thousand km²
19	Denmark–Norway	≈ 472 thousand km²
20	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	≈ 436 thousand km²
21	Khanate of Bukhara	≈ 428 thousand km²
22	Tumed	≈ 414 thousand km²
23	Saadi Sultanate	≈ 385 thousand km²
24	Ayutthaya Kingdom	≈ 382 thousand km²
25	Lan Xang	≈ 375 thousand km²
26	Bijapur Sultanate	≈ 368 thousand km²
27	Rassid dynasty	≈ 361 thousand km²
28	Commonwealth of England	≈ 341 thousand km²
29	Kanem–Bornu Empire	≈ 339 thousand km²
30	Habsburg monarchy	≈ 329 thousand km²
31	Tokugawa shogunate	≈ 329 thousand km²
32	Sultanate of Darfur	≈ 294 thousand km²
33	Khoshut Khanate	≈ 292 thousand km²
34	Haudenosaunee	≈ 287 thousand km²
35	Wadai Sultanate	≈ 280 thousand km²
36	Khmer Empire	≈ 274 thousand km²
37	Holy Roman Empire	≈ 253 thousand km²
38	Jesuit missions among the Guaraní	≈ 242 thousand km²
39	Joseon	≈ 232 thousand km²
40	Johor Sultanate	≈ 207 thousand km²
41	Golconda Sultanate	≈ 190 thousand km²
42	Dutch Republic	≈ 189 thousand km²
43	Kalmyk Khanate	≈ 163 thousand km²
44	Gorkha kingdom	≈ 148 thousand km²
45	Kingdom of Kongo	≈ 132 thousand km²
46	Astrakhan Khanate	≈ 126 thousand km²
47	Khanate of Khiva	≈ 125 thousand km²
48	Sultanate of Brunei (1368–1888)	≈ 112 thousand km²
49	Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)	≈ 112 thousand km²
50	Brandenburg–Prussia	≈ 109 thousand km²
51	Trịnh lords	≈ 103 thousand km²
52	Kingdom of Portugal	≈ 101 thousand km²
53	English overseas possessions	≈ 95 thousand km²
54	Nguyễn lords	≈ 94 thousand km²
55	Ya'rubids	≈ 92 thousand km²
56	Nogai Horde	≈ 83 thousand km²
57	Banten Sultanate	≈ 83 thousand km²
58	Moldavia	≈ 81 thousand km²
59	Kingdom of Mrauk U	≈ 77 thousand km²
60	Palembang Sultanate	≈ 75 thousand km²
61	Wallachia	≈ 74 thousand km²
62	Portuguese Empire	≈ 72 thousand km²
63	Mataram Sultanate	≈ 66 thousand km²
64	Portuguese Ceylon	≈ 60 thousand km²
65	Crimean Khanate	≈ 59 thousand km²
66	Madurai Nayak dynasty	≈ 48 thousand km²
67	New Netherland	≈ 48 thousand km²
68	Duchy of Bavaria	≈ 46 thousand km²
69	Republic of Venice	≈ 45 thousand km²
70	Switzerland	≈ 44 thousand km²
71	Aceh Sultanate	≈ 42 thousand km²
72	Papal States	≈ 42 thousand km²
73	Bhutan	≈ 42 thousand km²
74	House of Savoy	≈ 41 thousand km²
75	Sultanate of Banjar	≈ 39 thousand km²
76	Malacca Sultanate	≈ 37 thousand km²
77	Electorate of Saxony	≈ 35 thousand km²
78	Itza people	≈ 33 thousand km²
79	Sultanate of Cirebon	≈ 30 thousand km²
80	Dutch Cape Colony	≈ 29 thousand km²
81	Sultan of Perak	≈ 24 thousand km²
82	New France	≈ 23 thousand km²
83	Bali Kingdom	≈ 22 thousand km²
84	Patani Kingdom	≈ 20 thousand km²
85	Republic of Florence	≈ 20 thousand km²
86	Kingdom of Mysore	≈ 18 thousand km²
87	Duchy of Lorraine	≈ 17 thousand km²
88	Blambangan Kingdom	≈ 16 thousand km²
89	Kingdom of Kartli	≈ 15 thousand km²
90	Thanjavur Nayak kingdom	≈ 15 thousand km²
91	Republic of Genoa	≈ 14 thousand km²
92	Mạc dynasty	≈ 14 thousand km²
93	Principality of Mingrelia	≈ 13 thousand km²
94	Kedah Sultanate	≈ 13 thousand km²
95	Kingdom of Imereti	≈ 11 thousand km²
96	Tanjungpura Kingdom	≈ 11 thousand km²
97	Bima Sultanate	≈ 10 thousand km²
98	Kutai	≈ 6,766 km²
99	Oyo Empire	≈ 6,032 km²
100	Sultanate of Sambas	≈ 5,844 km²
101	Principality of Abkhazia	≈ 5,829 km²
102	Principality of Guria	≈ 4,659 km²
103	Sultanate of Sulu	≈ 3,844 km²
104	Dutch Gold Coast	≈ 3,446 km²
105	Mempawah Kingdom	≈ 2,937 km²
106	Sultanate of Gowa	≈ 2,613 km²
107	Comtat Venaissin	≈ 2,319 km²
108	Sultan	≈ 2,155 km²
109	Republic of Ragusa	≈ 1,540 km²
110	Danish Gold Coast	≈ 976 km²
111	Kathmandu	≈ 661 km²
112	Sultanate of Maguindanao	≈ 373 km²
113	County of Urgell	≈ 309 km²
114	Monaco	≈ 164 km²

Map of this frame (only countries over 400,000 km², simplified)

New countries in this frame (1)

Danish Gold Coast

Countries that disappeared in this frame (2)

Southern Ming · New Sweden

Directions of expansion (3)

These are cases where one country’s land grew into another country’s former land (not actual routes of advance).

Tsardom of Russia → former land of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, ≈ 318 thousand km²
Qing dynasty → former land of Southern Ming, ≈ 200 thousand km²
Tsardom of Russia → former land of Golden Horde, ≈ 124 thousand km²

The world in AD 1659

5 events from the sources that fall in this frame, grouped by region.

China (3)

AD 1659 — The Qing army took Yongchang; Li Dingguo escorted the Prince of Gui in flight toward Tengyue and set an ambush at Mopanshan, but the Qing forces fought hard and retook Tengyue. (Draft History of Qing (Qingshigao) 清史稿卷5 順治16年四月)
AD 1659 — Naval forces from Jingzhou (荊州) and Susong combined, fought Governor-General Lang Tingzuo, advanced by land and sea, and reported victory. (Draft History of Qing (Qingshigao) 清史稿卷5 順治16年八月)
AD 1661 — In the first month of the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, the Shizu emperor died, and the eight-year-old Kangxi ascended the throne; the era was changed to Kangxi. (Draft History of Qing (Qingshigao) 清史稿卷6 順治18年正月)

The Americas (2)

AD 1659 — On the 16th Bishop Laval arrived at Quebec (The Jesuit Relations Thwaites, Jesuit Relations vol. 45 (파일 jesuits45jesuuoft.txt, 공백정리본 6617자 지점))
AD 1660 — The defeat of Dollard and his companions at the Long Sault (editor's note) (The Jesuit Relations Thwaites, Jesuit Relations vol. 45 (파일 jesuits45jesuuoft.txt, 공백정리본 384883자 지점))

Changes of power ◆

◆ AD 1659 — Southern Ming ends
◆ AD 1659 — Tsardom of Russia takes 317,600 km² of former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth land
◆ AD 1659 — Qing dynasty takes 199,700 km² of former Southern Ming land
◆ AD 1659 — Tsardom of Russia takes 124,200 km² of former Golden Horde land
◆ AD 1659 — Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth loses 317,600 km² to Tsardom of Russia
◆ AD 1659 — Southern Ming loses 199,700 km² to Qing dynasty
◆ AD 1659 — Golden Horde loses 124,200 km² to Tsardom of Russia

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