The world in 191 BC — what happened that year

9 events the sources record for this year, grouped by region.

What happened

When the Roman fleet came, the king avoided a naval battle, withdrew to Magnesia, and gathered his land army (Livy, History of Rome (Ab Urbe Condita) 36.43)

The consul plundered the territory of Hypata and Heraclea, and, since Aetolia could not help, camped at the mouth of the pass facing the king (Livy, History of Rome (Ab Urbe Condita) 36.16)
During the battle the Aetolians in Heraclea attacked the Roman camp but gained nothing (Livy, History of Rome (Ab Urbe Condita) 36.19)
The Achaeans besiege Messene, which refused to join the Achaean League (Livy, History of Rome (Ab Urbe Condita) 36.31)
Aemilius is sent as praetor to put down unrest in Spain (Plutarch's Parallel Lives Plut. Aemilius Paulus 4.2)
Antiochus blocks the narrow pass at Thermopylae with ditches and a wall and thinks he has prevented war (Plutarch's Parallel Lives Plut. Cato Major 13.1)
At the Roman charge Antiochus's army collapses on all sides (Plutarch's Parallel Lives Plut. Cato Major 14.1)
After Thermopylae, Acilius takes Heraclea (Polybius, Histories 20.9)
Sparta is incorporated into the Achaean League by Philopoemen (Polybius, Histories 22.3)