World map in AD 1521 — territory by country

Frame AD 1521 — world borders from AD 1521 to AD 1525. 119 countries have territory in this frame, and the largest is Mongol khanate (≈ 5.08 million km²).

Countries with territory in this frame (119, largest first)

Rank	Country	Area
1	Mongol khanate	≈ 5.08 million km²
2	Ming dynasty	≈ 3.74 million km²
3	Khanate of Sibir	≈ 2.82 million km²
4	Ottoman Empire	≈ 2.78 million km²
5	Safavid dynasty	≈ 2.77 million km²
6	Grand Principality of Moscow	≈ 2.43 million km²
7	Kazakh Khanate	≈ 2.40 million km²
8	Inca Empire	≈ 2.10 million km²
9	Tibet	≈ 1.55 million km²
10	Kalmar Union	≈ 1.29 million km²
11	Moghulistan	≈ 939 thousand km²
12	Jagiellonian dynasty	≈ 751 thousand km²
13	Spain	≈ 665 thousand km²
14	Funj Sultanate	≈ 630 thousand km²
15	Songhai Empire	≈ 629 thousand km²
16	Spanish Empire	≈ 486 thousand km²
17	Nogai Horde	≈ 439 thousand km²
18	Kingdom of France	≈ 415 thousand km²
19	Vijayanagara Empire	≈ 406 thousand km²
20	Ayutthaya Kingdom	≈ 404 thousand km²
21	Ethiopian Empire	≈ 392 thousand km²
22	Khanate of Bukhara	≈ 384 thousand km²
23	Wattasid dynasty	≈ 380 thousand km²
24	Lan Xang	≈ 375 thousand km²
25	Bengal Sultanate	≈ 346 thousand km²
26	Mali Empire	≈ 346 thousand km²
27	Kingdom of Hungary	≈ 334 thousand km²
28	Holy Roman Empire	≈ 334 thousand km²
29	Sengoku period	≈ 321 thousand km²
30	Khmer Empire	≈ 287 thousand km²
31	Shan States	≈ 274 thousand km²
32	Lodi dynasty	≈ 247 thousand km²
33	Joseon	≈ 235 thousand km²
34	Sultanate of Brunei (1368–1888)	≈ 231 thousand km²
35	Malacca Sultanate	≈ 230 thousand km²
36	Hafsid dynasty	≈ 222 thousand km²
37	Kanem–Bornu Empire	≈ 201 thousand km²
38	Lê dynasty	≈ 190 thousand km²
39	Maya civilization	≈ 188 thousand km²
40	Timurid Empire	≈ 181 thousand km²
41	Kingdom of Portugal	≈ 173 thousand km²
42	Khanate of Kazan	≈ 173 thousand km²
43	Kingdom of England	≈ 166 thousand km²
44	Astrakhan Khanate	≈ 163 thousand km²
45	Kashmir Sultanate	≈ 152 thousand km²
46	Bijapur Sultanate	≈ 151 thousand km²
47	Adal Sultanate	≈ 149 thousand km²
48	Portuguese Empire	≈ 142 thousand km²
49	Moghulistan	≈ 140 thousand km²
50	Crimean Khanate	≈ 137 thousand km²
51	Kingdom of Kongo	≈ 132 thousand km²
52	Kingdom of Bohemia	≈ 129 thousand km²
53	Khanate of Khiva	≈ 125 thousand km²
54	Zayyanid dynasty	≈ 125 thousand km²
55	Samma dynasty	≈ 123 thousand km²
56	Habsburg monarchy	≈ 120 thousand km²
57	Livonian language	≈ 116 thousand km²
58	Kingdom of Ava	≈ 114 thousand km²
59	Sultanate of Maguindanao	≈ 106 thousand km²
60	Golconda Sultanate	≈ 104 thousand km²
61	Kingdom of Scotland	≈ 89 thousand km²
62	Kingdom of Mrauk U	≈ 84 thousand km²
63	Moldavia	≈ 82 thousand km²
64	Berar Sultanate	≈ 79 thousand km²
65	Hanthawaddy kingdom	≈ 78 thousand km²
66	Palembang Sultanate	≈ 76 thousand km²
67	Wallachia	≈ 74 thousand km²
68	Michoacán	≈ 74 thousand km²
69	Ahmadnagar Sultanate	≈ 74 thousand km²
70	Haudenosaunee	≈ 72 thousand km²
71	Republic of Venice	≈ 64 thousand km²
72	First Toungoo Empire	≈ 59 thousand km²
73	Sunda Kingdom	≈ 54 thousand km²
74	Lanna Kingdom	≈ 53 thousand km²
75	Portuguese Ceylon	≈ 50 thousand km²
76	Shirvan	≈ 48 thousand km²
77	Demak Sultanate	≈ 46 thousand km²
78	House of Bourbon	≈ 44 thousand km²
79	Margraviate of Brandenburg	≈ 42 thousand km²
80	Papal States	≈ 41 thousand km²
81	Teutonic Order	≈ 39 thousand km²
82	Switzerland	≈ 38 thousand km²
83	County of Savoy	≈ 36 thousand km²
84	Portuguese Africa	≈ 35 thousand km²
85	Duchy of Bavaria	≈ 35 thousand km²
86	Electorate of Saxony	≈ 34 thousand km²
87	Bidar Sultanate	≈ 32 thousand km²
88	County of Foix	≈ 30 thousand km²
89	Blambangan Kingdom	≈ 28 thousand km²
90	Kingdom of Kartli	≈ 28 thousand km²
91	Republic of Genoa	≈ 26 thousand km²
92	Qasim Khanate	≈ 25 thousand km²
93	Kingdom of Kakheti	≈ 23 thousand km²
94	Prome kingdom	≈ 19 thousand km²
95	Duchy of Lorraine	≈ 17 thousand km²
96	Electorate of Trier	≈ 17 thousand km²
97	Principality of Mingrelia	≈ 13 thousand km²
98	Kedah Sultanate	≈ 13 thousand km²
99	Republic of Florence	≈ 12 thousand km²
100	Jaffna kingdom	≈ 12 thousand km²
101	Kingdom of Imereti	≈ 11 thousand km²
102	Aceh Sultanate	≈ 8,991 km²
103	Champa	≈ 8,027 km²
104	Sultanate of Cirebon	≈ 7,967 km²
105	Bali Kingdom	≈ 7,719 km²
106	Cebu (historical polity)	≈ 6,669 km²
107	Principality of Abkhazia	≈ 6,066 km²
108	Tondo (historical polity)	≈ 4,840 km²
109	Principality of Guria	≈ 4,659 km²
110	Maynila (historical polity)	≈ 2,954 km²
111	Sultanate of Gowa	≈ 2,613 km²
112	Comtat Venaissin	≈ 2,319 km²
113	Sultan	≈ 2,155 km²
114	Republic of Ragusa	≈ 1,540 km²
115	Namayan	≈ 1,043 km²
116	Ashikaga shogunate	≈ 979 km²
117	Kathmandu	≈ 661 km²
118	County of Urgell	≈ 404 km²
119	Principality of Orange	≈ 141 km²

Map of this frame (only countries over 400,000 km², simplified)

New countries in this frame (3)

Spanish Empire · Sultanate of Maguindanao · Maynila (historical polity)

Countries that disappeared in this frame (7)

Sweden · Aztec Empire · Al-Ahsa Oasis · Ryazan · County of Nevers · Samudera Pasai Sultanate · Ryukyu Kingdom

Directions of expansion (4)

These are cases where one country’s land grew into another country’s former land (not actual routes of advance).

Kalmar Union → former land of Sweden, ≈ 454 thousand km²
Kazakh Khanate → former land of Khanate of Bukhara, ≈ 290 thousand km²
Kazakh Khanate → former land of Nogai Horde, ≈ 204 thousand km²
Kazakh Khanate → former land of Moghulistan, ≈ 145 thousand km²

The world in AD 1521

83 events from the sources that fall in this frame, grouped by region.

China (5)

AD 1521 — Wuzong died at the Baofang at age 31. (History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals 明史卷16 正德十六年)
AD 1521 — Wuzong died without an heir, and the Empress Dowager Cishou and Yang Tinghe, by edict, decided to bring in the Prince of Xing (Zhu Houcong) from the Xing residence (Shizong's accession, Jiajing). (History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals 明史卷17 正德十六年)
AD 1523 — Altan Khan (俺答) invaded Datong — the first appearance of Altan in the source. (History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals 明史卷17 嘉靖二年)
AD 1524 — In the outcome of the Great Rites Controversy, Xiaozong was set as Uncle Father and the Prince of Xingxian as Father. (History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals 明史卷17 嘉靖三年)
AD 1524 — Turpan invaded and besieged Suzhou; the Minister of War Jin Xianmin served as Zongzhi. (History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals 明史卷17 嘉靖三年)

Southeast Asia (1)

AD 1523 — Mạc Đăng Dung's faction crushed Trịnh Tuy at Thanh Hóa. (Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư 本紀卷之十五「'''癸未，統元二年（明嘉靖二年」)

Sub-Saharan Africa (1)

AD 1523 — Askia sends his younger brother Pari Yahya to Kojara; there Binkafarma Aliyamra dies (Tarikh al-Sudan (Chronicle of the Sudan) Houdas 1900 불역 장 XIII (houdas1900_fr_djvu.txt 줄 6381))

Southern Europe (2)

AD 1522 — Suleiman's siege and capture of Rhodes — landing at Kos (Lango) (based on the sentence mentioning the landing at Kos (Lango)) (Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations vol05 l.4903 (표제 l.4690))
AD 1522 — Suleiman's siege and capture of Rhodes — siege of Rhodes (based on the sentence mentioning the siege of Rhodes) (Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations vol05 l.4927 (표제 l.4690))

Eastern Europe & Russia (2)

AD 1521 — When Mahmet Girey came to Moscow, Ryazan prince Ioann fled to Lithuania amid the confusion, and the Ryazan principality was absorbed by Moscow. (Karamzin, History of the Russian State 제7권 III장)
AD 1524 — In spring 1524 a much larger army set out, determined to conquer Kazan. (Karamzin, History of the Russian State 제7권 III장)

The Americas (72)

AD 1521 — On the seventh or eighth day at Texcoco, Cortés advanced to Iztapalapa with 200 Spaniards (18 horsemen); the houses by the lake where residents had taken refuge were attacked and set on fire. (Cortés, Letters from Mexico Letter 3, MacNutt vol.2 OCR line 778)
AD 1521 — Cortés sent the alguacil mayor Sandoval to Tlaxcala to escort the transport of the brigantines. (Cortés, Letters from Mexico Letter 3, MacNutt vol.2 OCR line 947)
AD 1521 — When Sandoval's party reached Chalco, the residents welcomed them and asked for joint defense and support. (Cortés, Letters from Mexico Letter 3, MacNutt vol.2 OCR line 1017)
AD 1521 — The 13 brigantines were carried overland from Tlaxcala to Texcoco and entered the port of Texcoco. (Cortés, Letters from Mexico Letter 3, MacNutt vol.2 OCR line 1328)
AD 1521 — During the six days in Tacuba, Cortés had small skirmishes with the enemy every single day. (Cortés, Letters from Mexico Letter 3, MacNutt vol.2 OCR line 1485)
AD 1521 — Sandoval advanced to bring the enemy gathered at Acapichtla (location unknown) to a peaceful surrender. (Cortés, Letters from Mexico Letter 3, MacNutt vol.2 OCR line 1627)
AD 1521 — On Holy Wednesday (March 27) Cortés had the Tenochtitlan chiefs who had been brought in summoned before him (only the first part checked). (Cortés, Letters from Mexico Letter 3, MacNutt vol.2 OCR line 1764)
AD 1521 — On April 5 Cortés left Texcoco with 30 horsemen and others, and with Sandoval's force began a tour expedition around the lake. (Cortés, Letters from Mexico Letter 3, MacNutt vol.2 OCR line 1814)
AD 1521 — After reconnoitering the second fortified mountain (rock), attacked it. (Cortés, Letters from Mexico Letter 3, MacNutt vol.2 OCR line 1838)
AD 1521 — After crossing, took the fortress of Cuauhnahuac (Cuernavaca), which was blocked by a ravine. (Cortés, Letters from Mexico Letter 3, MacNutt vol.2 OCR line 2000)

Changes of power ◆

◆ AD 1521 — Sultanate of Maguindanao appears
◆ AD 1521 — Aztec Empire ends
◆ AD 1521 — Sweden ends
◆ AD 1521 — Kalmar Union takes 454,000 km² of former Sweden land
◆ AD 1521 — Kazakh Khanate takes 289,700 km² of former Khanate of Bukhara land
◆ AD 1521 — Kazakh Khanate takes 204,400 km² of former Nogai Horde land
◆ AD 1521 — Kazakh Khanate takes 144,500 km² of former Moghulistan land
◆ AD 1521 — Sweden loses 454,000 km² to Kalmar Union