Cao Cao attacked Zhang Lu's army at Yangping Pass but could not take it and withdrew; a night raid then routed him heavily. (Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi) 魏書 武帝紀 (卷01) 建安20년)
Liu Bei divided Jingzhou with Sun Quan: east of Jiangxia, Changsha and Guiyang to Wu, and west of Nanjun, Lingling and Wuling to Shu; then he returned to Jiangzhou. (Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi) 蜀書 先主傳 (卷32) 建安20년)
As Sun Quan was withdrawing from his attack on Hefei, he was ambushed by Zhang Liao north of the ford; Ling Tong and others fought to the death and only just got him across the Jin Bridge to escape. (Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi) 吳書 吳主傳 (卷47) 建安20년)
In the seventh month Cao Cao reached Yangping, and Zhang Lu wished to offer Hanzhong, but his younger brother Zhang Wei guarded the pass and built a city of more than ten li on the mountain. Cao Cao believed the saying that the north and south mountains beneath Yangping city were too far to defend, and only learned on the spot that it was not so. (Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) 資治通鑑 卷067 (원문 단락 #5398, 215년))
In the eighth month Sun Quan besieged Hefei with a hundred thousand men. Following the sealed instructions Cao Cao had left when he campaigned against Zhang Lu, Zhang Liao and Li Dian went out to fight, Yue Jin guarded the city, and the Commandant Xue Ti waited on standby, so that Zhang Liao, Li Dian and Yue Jin, over seven thousand men, responded. (Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) 資治通鑑 卷067 (원문 단락 #5400, 215년))
In the eleventh month Zhang Lu came out with his household and surrendered. Cao Cao honored him as General Who Pacifies the South and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Langzhong with ten thousand households; his five sons and Yan Pu were also enfeoffed as marquises. (Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) 資治通鑑 卷067 (원문 단락 #5403, 215년))
West Asia (2)
At Antioch Antoninus lived in luxury and wrote a letter scolding the Senate as feeble: "I have arms and soldiers" (Cassius Dio, Roman History 78(77).20.1)
Fearing the Parthian king, he surrendered Tiridates and Antiochus and the campaign was disbanded; the freedman general Theocritus, sent to Armenia, suffered a great defeat (Cassius Dio, Roman History 78(77).21.1)
Egypt & North Africa (6)
Antoninus came to Alexandria, pretended to welcome the leading citizens who received him outside the city with a banquet, killed them, and then loosed the whole army on the city to massacre (Cassius Dio, Roman History 78(77).22.2)
The massacre continued day and night across the city, and he hid the death toll from the Senate; foreigners and their attendants also fell and temples were plundered (Cassius Dio, Roman History 78(77).22.3)
Antoninus directed the massacre from the Temple of Serapis and dedicated to the god the sword used to kill his brother; he abolished Alexandria's spectacles and common meals and divided the city with a cross wall (Cassius Dio, Roman History 78(77).23.3)
The people of Alexandria greet him lavishly with flowers and incense. The emperor sacrifices at the temples and dedicates clothing and rings at Alexander's tomb. (Herodian, History of the Empire 4.8)
Caracalla gathers the young men on the pretext of a review, surrounds them with soldiers and massacres them. They are buried in heaps in pits, and blood stains the mouths of the Nile. (Herodian, History of the Empire 4.9)
He orders soldiers to kill their hosts, causing a great massacre in Alexandria (Historia Augusta Carac. 6.3)
Southern Europe (1)
Pretext for the Parthian campaign: Vologaesus refused to hand over Tiridates and Antiochus (a Cilician posing as a Cynic philosopher) (Cassius Dio, Roman History 78(77).19.1)
Changes of power ◆
Places where the world territory data shows a change of borders in this year.
◆ Sasanian Empire appears
◆ Cao Cao takes 465,500 km² of former Han dynasty land