Yuwen Shu and Xue Shixiong were defeated at the Sa River; the nine armies of the detached force collapsed and turned back. They withdrew in the seventh month. (History of the Northern Dynasties (Beishi), Annals 北史 卷12 大業8年)
Soldiers and grain transporters for the Liaodong campaign filled the roads day and night without a break; those worn out by forced labor began to become bands of bandits. (Book of Sui (Suishu), Imperial Annals 隋書 卷003 帝紀 大業7年12月)
The total strength of the Goguryeo campaign army was 1,133,800 (claimed to be two million), with twice as many grain transporters; over forty days from the departure of the first army, its banners stretched for a thousand li. (Book of Sui (Suishu), Imperial Annals 隋書 卷004 帝紀 大業8年1月)
Blocked by Goguryeo forces at the Liao River, the army could not cross; the Grand General of the Right Garrison Mai Tiezhang and others died in battle. (Book of Sui (Suishu), Imperial Annals 隋書 卷004 帝紀 大業8年3月)
Emperor Yang crossed the Liao River, fought on its eastern bank, defeated the enemy and besieged Liaodong City. (Book of Sui (Suishu), Imperial Annals 隋書 卷004 帝紀 大業8年3月)
He went to Liaodong, rebuked his generals, and built Liuhe City several li west of the walls, where he stayed. (Book of Sui (Suishu), Imperial Annals 隋書 卷004 帝紀 大業8年6月)
Yuwen Shu and others were defeated at the Sa River; the Grand General of the Right Garrison Xin Shixiong died, and of the nine armies only about two thousand cavalry returned alive. (Book of Sui (Suishu), Imperial Annals 隋書 卷004 帝紀 大業8年7月)
Lai Huer, with the Sui navy, entered the Paesu River and came within sixty li of Pyongyang, where he defeated the Goguryeo forces. (Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) 卷20 嬰陽王 23年)
Lai Huer, pressing his advantage, entered the city to plunder, was badly defeated by an ambush, and only a few thousand managed to return. (Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) 卷20 嬰陽王 23年)
In May 612, Lai Huer leads the Jiang-Huai navy ahead by sea, enters the Peishui River, meets Goguryeo forces 60 li short of Pyongyang, and crushes them. (Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) 권181 612년 항)
Changes of power ◆
Places where the world territory data shows a change of borders in this year.
◆ Harsha appears
◆ Maukharis of Kannauj ends
◆ Kingdom of the Burgundians takes 230,500 km² of former Francia land
◆ Sasanian Empire takes 214,600 km² of former Byzantine Empire land
◆ Francia loses 230,500 km² to Kingdom of the Burgundians
◆ Byzantine Empire loses 214,600 km² to Sasanian Empire