World map in AD 860 — territory by country

Frame AD 860 — world borders from AD 860 to AD 865. 89 countries have territory in this frame, and the largest is Abbasid Caliphate (≈ 7.78 million km²).

Countries with territory in this frame (89, largest first)

Rank	Country	Area
1	Abbasid Caliphate	≈ 7.78 million km²
2	Tang dynasty	≈ 3.03 million km²
3	Tibetans	≈ 1.87 million km²
4	Kimak–Kipchak confederation	≈ 1.43 million km²
5	Kara-Khanid Khanate	≈ 808 thousand km²
6	Rashtrakuta Empire	≈ 785 thousand km²
7	Khazars	≈ 750 thousand km²
8	Nanzhao	≈ 678 thousand km²
9	Qocho	≈ 653 thousand km²
10	Pratihara dynasty	≈ 644 thousand km²
11	Byzantine Empire	≈ 626 thousand km²
12	West Francia	≈ 566 thousand km²
13	Srivijaya	≈ 538 thousand km²
14	Balhae	≈ 483 thousand km²
15	Rustamid dynasty	≈ 470 thousand km²
16	Khmer Empire	≈ 450 thousand km²
17	Oghuz Khagan	≈ 448 thousand km²
18	East Francia	≈ 435 thousand km²
19	Vendel Period	≈ 426 thousand km²
20	First Bulgarian Empire	≈ 425 thousand km²
21	Yenisei Kyrgyz	≈ 424 thousand km²
22	Umayyad state of Córdoba	≈ 412 thousand km²
23	Hungarians	≈ 399 thousand km²
24	Pala Empire	≈ 335 thousand km²
25	Turk Shahis	≈ 305 thousand km²
26	Aghlabid dynasty	≈ 247 thousand km²
27	Heian period	≈ 244 thousand km²
28	Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom	≈ 233 thousand km²
29	Habbari Emirate	≈ 230 thousand km²
30	Makuria	≈ 213 thousand km²
31	Lower Burgundy	≈ 209 thousand km²
32	Ghana Empire	≈ 204 thousand km²
33	Idrisid dynasty	≈ 194 thousand km²
34	Maya civilization	≈ 177 thousand km²
35	Great Moravia	≈ 157 thousand km²
36	Unified Silla	≈ 150 thousand km²
37	Kashmir	≈ 150 thousand km²
38	Haripuñjaya	≈ 143 thousand km²
39	Lavo Kingdom	≈ 126 thousand km²
40	Alodia	≈ 124 thousand km²
41	Kingdom of Asturias	≈ 123 thousand km²
42	Kingdom of Aksum	≈ 97 thousand km²
43	Pyu city-states	≈ 95 thousand km²
44	Kamarupa	≈ 93 thousand km²
45	Champa	≈ 78 thousand km²
46	Pandya dynasty	≈ 78 thousand km²
47	Anuradhapura	≈ 74 thousand km²
48	Vikings	≈ 72 thousand km²
49	Sunda Kingdom	≈ 62 thousand km²
50	Mataram kingdom	≈ 60 thousand km²
51	Mercia	≈ 48 thousand km²
52	Volga Bulgaria	≈ 44 thousand km²
53	Northumbria	≈ 44 thousand km²
54	Dál Riata	≈ 42 thousand km²
55	Kingdom of Brittany	≈ 41 thousand km²
56	Principality of Serbia	≈ 38 thousand km²
57	Casablanca	≈ 36 thousand km²
58	Wessex	≈ 36 thousand km²
59	Pagan Kingdom	≈ 27 thousand km²
60	Georgia	≈ 24 thousand km²
61	Kingdom of the Iberians	≈ 24 thousand km²
62	Duchy of Benevento	≈ 24 thousand km²
63	Duchy of Spoleto	≈ 23 thousand km²
64	Ancestral Puebloans	≈ 21 thousand km²
65	Duchy of Croatia	≈ 21 thousand km²
66	Muslim Sicily	≈ 19 thousand km²
67	Classic Veracruz culture	≈ 19 thousand km²
68	Principality of Salerno	≈ 18 thousand km²
69	Papal States	≈ 16 thousand km²
70	Kingdom of Navarre	≈ 15 thousand km²
71	Obotrites	≈ 15 thousand km²
72	Celtic Britons	≈ 13 thousand km²
73	Kingdom of East Anglia	≈ 13 thousand km²
74	Cyprus	≈ 11 thousand km²
75	Kingdom of Gwynedd	≈ 11 thousand km²
76	Strathclyde	≈ 9,448 km²
77	Zapotec civilization	≈ 8,550 km²
78	Emirate of Nekor	≈ 7,039 km²
79	Emirate of Crete	≈ 5,499 km²
80	Saffarid dynasty	≈ 4,860 km²
81	Cornwall	≈ 4,538 km²
82	County of Aragon	≈ 3,490 km²
83	Chola Empire	≈ 3,058 km²
84	Republic of Venice	≈ 2,571 km²
85	Brycheiniog	≈ 1,962 km²
86	Kingdom of Morgannwg	≈ 1,510 km²
87	Kingdom of Gwent	≈ 1,355 km²
88	Duchy of Naples	≈ 1,059 km²
89	Principality of Capua	≈ 384 km²

Map of this frame (only countries over 400,000 km², simplified)

New countries in this frame (6)

Saffarid dynasty · Qocho · Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom · Habbari Emirate · Lower Burgundy · Duchy of Spoleto

Countries that disappeared in this frame (3)

Lotharingia · Karkota dynasty · Kingdom of Powys

Directions of expansion (3)

These are cases where one country’s land grew into another country’s former land (not actual routes of advance).

West Francia → former land of Lotharingia, ≈ 152 thousand km²
Tang dynasty → former land of Nanzhao, ≈ 114 thousand km²
Pratihara dynasty → former land of Rashtrakuta Empire, ≈ 103 thousand km²

The world in AD 860

30 events from the sources that fall in this frame, grouped by region.

China (6)

AD 860 — The Zhedong army fights Qiu Fu before the Tongbai Guan at Taizhou, and Fan Juzhi falls in battle. (Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) 資治通鑑卷250)
AD 861 — The Nanman attack Yongzhou and take it. (Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) 資治通鑑卷250)
AD 862 — Zhang Yichao captured Liangzhou and recovered the Hexi region. (New Book of Tang (Xin Tangshu), Annals 新唐書卷009 懿宗·僖宗咸通3年3月)
AD 863 — Zhang Yichao, military governor of the Guiyi army, recovers Liangzhou with seven thousand troops of Fan and Han. (Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) 資治通鑑卷250)
AD 864 — Nanzhao invades Xizhou but Prefect Yu Shizhen defeats it. (Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) 資治通鑑卷250)
AD 865 — Gao Pian defeated the Yunnan Man at Yongzhou. (New Book of Tang (Xin Tangshu), Annals 新唐書卷009 懿宗·僖宗咸通6年5月)

Korean Peninsula (1)

AD 861 — King Gyeongmun (Eungnyeom) ascended by the will of King Heonan; the story that his ears became donkey's ears. (Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) 紀異第二四十八景文大王)

Japan (14)

AD 860 — On the fifth day of the fifth month, Suruga province reports that five-colored clouds were seen above Mount Fuji in Fuji district. (Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku 卷第四貞觀2年5月五日 (원문 4.89))
AD 860 — Wind and rain do not stop; the two rivers east and west of the capital overflow so that people and horses cannot pass; in the coastal provinces the tides overflow, causing damage to people and livestock. (Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku 卷第四貞觀2年十五日 (원문 4.179))
AD 861 — On the twentieth day of the first month, Izumo province reports that the Balhae envoy Li Juzheng and 105 others arrived at Shimane district by way of Oki province. (Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku 卷第五貞觀3年1月廿日 (원문 5.20))
AD 861 — Violent men gather in bands and bandits fill the mountains, so one kebiishi (inspector) is assigned to each district of Musashi province. (Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku 卷第五貞觀3年十六日 (원문 5.242))
AD 862 — Pirates gather in groups and kill travelers and seize goods. A ship carrying 80 koku of official rice from Bizen is attacked and eleven commoners are killed. Labor is levied from thirteen provinces of the Sanyō and Nankai circuits, and they are ordered to capture the pirates. (Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku 卷第六貞觀4年廿日 (원문 6.132))
AD 863 — On the twentieth day of the fifth month, a goryō-e is held at Shinsen-en, a rite to appease the restless spirits of those unjustly killed, Emperor Sudō and Prince Iyo; the four gates of the garden are opened so that the people of the capital may watch. (Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku 卷第七貞觀5年5月廿日 (원문 7.136))
AD 863 — On the seventeenth day of the sixth month, a great earthquake strikes Etchū and Echigo; valleys and hills change places, water gushes out, houses collapse and many are crushed, and the ground shakes every day after. (Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku 卷第七貞觀5年6月十七日 (원문 7.152))
AD 863 — The province of Tango reports that 54 persons of the kingdom of Sera, whose language cannot be understood, drifted ashore at Takeno district; 57 Silla people also arrived at Inaba province and were given provisions and sent back. (Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku 卷第七貞觀5年十七日 (원문 7.292))
AD 864 — Last year about thirty Silla people drifted ashore at Mino district on the coast of Iwami (more than ten died and twenty-four survived). By edict they are given provisions and sent back. (Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku 卷第八貞觀6年十七日 (원문 8.44))
AD 864 — On the twenty-fifth day of the fifth month, Suruga province reports that Mount Fuji erupted violently, burning one or two li; flames rose more than twenty jō high, with thunderous sounds and three earthquakes, and the fire did not go out for more than ten days. Lava filled Lake Motosu and the flames reached the border of Kai province (the great eruption of Jōgan). (Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku 卷第八貞觀6年5月廿五日 (원문 8.116))

Southeast Asia (7)

AD 860 — Tu Man of Annam, with over thirty thousand Nanzhao troops, suddenly attacks Jiaozhi and takes it. (Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) 資治通鑑卷250)
AD 862 — When Nanzhao invaded again, Wang Guan repeatedly reported the emergency. (Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư 外紀卷之五「壬午春二月，南詔復入寇。王寬數遣」)
AD 862 — The Southern Man took Jiaozhi and levied troops from several circuits to Lingnan. (Old Book of Tang (Jiu Tangshu), Annals 舊唐書卷19上咸通3年)
AD 863 — Nanzhao took the citadel of Fu, and Cai Xi drowned at sea. (Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư 外紀卷之五「癸未春正月庚午，南詔陷府城，蔡襲」)
AD 863 — Nanzhao takes Jiaozhi. (Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) 資治通鑑卷250)
AD 865 — Gao Pian raided 50,000 Man tribesmen of Phong Châu from Nam Định and defeated them heavily. (Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư 外紀卷之五「乙酉秋七月，駢治兵於海門未進。監」)
AD 865 — Gao Pian ambushes and crushes the Man troops of Fengzhou, fifty thousand strong. (Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror) 資治通鑑卷250)

Western Europe (2)

AD 860 — In the time of Æthelbert a great navy came up and raided Winchester, but Ealdorman Osric and Æthelwulf drove them back. (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Giles/Ingram 1847 A.D. 860 항 (pg657.txt 줄 2700))
AD 865 — The pagan army stayed at Thanet, made peace with the Kentish and was promised money, but at night they secretly came up and ravaged eastern Kent. (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Giles/Ingram 1847 A.D. 865 항 (pg657.txt 줄 2712))

Changes of power ◆

◆ AD 860 — Duchy of Spoleto appears
◆ AD 860 — Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom appears
◆ AD 860 — Lower Burgundy appears
◆ AD 860 — Qocho appears
◆ AD 860 — Saffarid dynasty appears
◆ AD 860 — Habbari Emirate appears
◆ AD 860 — Karkota dynasty ends
◆ AD 860 — Lotharingia ends