Livingstone, Missionary Travels in South Africa: a Chronicle / record source. Covers AD 1842 – 1856, with 224 events in chronological order. Text license and provenance included.
| Type | Chronicle / record |
|---|---|
| Viewpoint | Outsider account |
| Years covered | AD 1842 – 1856 |
| Events | 224 events, 43 placed on the map |
| Author | David Livingstone |
| Original title | Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa |
Regions: Sub-Saharan Africa 222 · Western Europe 2
| Year | Place | Event | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| AD 1842 | Letloche | Livingstone circled north of the Bakaa hills (near Letloche) on his way north beyond Shokuane. Ten days from the lower Zouga — a place from which Lake Ngami could have been found in 1842 | Ch.1 (북행, 'in 1842') |
| AD 1842 – 1843 | Lepelole | The Bamangwato drove the Bakwena out of Lepelole (now Lithubaruba) — Livingstone's settlement plan collapsed and he had to find a new site | Ch.1 (레펠롤레 정착 무산) |
| AD 1843 | Mabotsa | Livingstone moved to the Mabotsa (Bakatla village) valley on the Kuruman side and founded a mission station there | Ch.1 (마보촌 기지) |
| AD 1843 – 1844 | Mabotsa | A lion hunt on a hill near Mabotsa — a lion bit Livingstone, injuring his shoulder and arm; Mebalwe, who went with him, was bitten in the thigh, and one man died | Ch.1 (사자 사건) |
| AD 1843 – 1849 | Kolobeng | After settling at Chonuane he moved to the Kolobeng River, but drought lasted four years — the river dried up, fish died in masses, and grain had to be bought at Kuruman | Ch.1 (가뭄 4년) |
| AD 1845 | Loanda | As British cruisers increased and grew more active from 1845, a system of forced carrying (carregadores) arose, moving goods to the coast with porters in place of the slave trade | ch.19 말(Golungo Alto 노동 제도 설명) |
| AD 1849 | Kolobeng | Left Kolobeng on 1 June 1849 with Oswell and Murray to find the lake to the north beyond the desert | part_02.txt:301-333 |
| AD 1849 | Boatlanama | Stopover at Boatlanama — watered the oxen at the wells; plenty of game | part_02.txt:356-360 |
| AD 1849 | Lopepe | Lopepe — the old large pool had dried up and they had to dig the bottom of the well to water the oxen | part_02.txt:362-365 |
| AD 1849 | Serotli | Serotli spring — water was scarce, so they dug pits in the sand to get water, and the guide Ramotobi chose the route | part_02.txt:369-412 |
| AD 1849 | Serotli | Sechomi sent back 17 oxen and tried to dissuade them from the desert crossing — he also relayed his mother's words | part_02.txt:449-469 |
| AD 1849 | Mathuluani | On the morning of the third day they got rainwater at the desert pool of Matluaruani — the animals went into the water | part_02.txt:588-619 |
| AD 1849 | Nchokotsa | Salt pan of Nchokotsa — Oswell caught a Bushwoman and was led by her to water | part_02.txt:644-660 |
| AD 1849 | Zouga river | Reached the Zouga, a branch of the upper Zambezi, on 4 July 1849 — relieved to hear that the lake's water comes from this river | part_02.txt:692-705 |
| AD 1849 | Ngabisane | Went 96 miles up the Zouga, left the oxen and wagons at Ngabisane, and went on to the lake | part_02.txt:727-732 |
| AD 1849 | Lake Ngami | Discovered Lake Ngami on 1 August 1849 — the first sighting by Europeans | part_02.txt:789-795 |
| AD 1849 | Zouga river | Chief Lechulatebe refused to guide them and blocked the way across the river — the raft attempt failed, and the two decided to return south to the Cape | part_02.txt:910-931 |
| AD 1849 | Kolobeng | Left the Kolobeng mission on 1 June 1849 with Oswell and Murray to look for the lake | part_12.txt:345-346 |
| AD 1849 | Lake Ngami | Crossed the Kalahari in two months and reached Lake Ngami on 1 August | part_12.txt:378-380 |
| AD 1850 | Kolobeng | Left Kolobeng in April 1850 — with his family and Chief Sechele, detoured through Sechomi's country Boteti toward the north bank of the Zouga | part_02.txt:1091-1102 |
| AD 1850 | Tamunak'le | At the mouth of the Tamunak'le River, the wagons could not proceed because of many tsetse flies, so they crossed the Zouga again | part_02.txt:1104-1115 |
| AD 1850 | Lake Ngami | Near the lake the English artist Alfred Rider died of fever — the other Englishmen recovered | part_02.txt:1121-1131 |
| AD 1850 | Lake Ngami | He tried to get guidance from Lechulatebe by giving him a gun, but the children and servants caught fever, so he gave up visiting Sebituane that year | part_02.txt:1133-1152 |
| AD 1850 | Nchokotsa | Third departure — after repairing the broken gun of the guide Sechomi had assigned, he went north rather than west, as far as Nchokotsa | part_02.txt:1191-1201 |
| AD 1850 | In 1850 Mambari traders came to Makololo and exchanged eight guns for eight boys — the beginning of the slave trade; Livingstone tried to stop it but was too late | part_02.txt:1740-1761 | |
| AD 1850 | Cassange valley (Bangala) | In 1850 a Portuguese expedition punished the Bangala. Background note that many villages that existed before had disappeared | ch.19 말(카생지 계곡 묘사) |
| AD 1850 | Zouga River (margin) | In 1850 on the Zouga river, Oswell was chasing an elephant when his horse was caught in the bushes and he fell. The elephant passed over him, but he was not hurt | part_10.txt:745-748 |
| AD 1850 | Lake Ngami | Second attempt: reached the lake with his wife, three children and Sechele, but even after getting a guide by giving Lechulatebe a gun, the children and servants fell ill and the trip was abandoned | part_12.txt:404-406 |
| AD 1850 – 1851 | Third expedition succeeded — Sebituane had died before then, and he found the Zambezi in the land of Sebituane's daughter Mamochisane | part_12.txt:480-483 | |
| AD 1851 – 1852 | The treaty Cathcart made when proclaiming Boer independence — it included a clause on passage for the English and a ban on slavery, but left out the missionary question | Ch.2 (조약) | |
| AD 1851 | Mahabe River | The Bushman guide Shobo lost the way and disappeared, and the water ran out — only on the afternoon of the fifth day was water found, and the children survived | part_02.txt:1257-1287 |
| AD 1851 | Banajoa village | Arrived at the village of the Banajoa — Moroa Mazane, brother of the village head Mazane, took over as guide, showing the way to the Chobe and Sota rivers toward Sesheke | part_02.txt:1301-1319 |
| AD 1851 | Chobe | Passing through the tsetse zone, they lost 43 oxen — the cattle were moved to the north bank and saved, and the people and children, though bitten, suffered no harm | part_02.txt:1317-1334 |
| AD 1851 | Sesheke | Met Sebituane, chief of the Makololo — he said the cattle had been bitten by tsetse and promised to give them oxen; Livingstone heard his life story | part_02.txt:1424-1451 |
| AD 1851 | Sebituane, chief of the Makololo, died of pneumonia — Livingstone visited him just before he died and left a word of advice | part_02.txt:1653-1674 | |
| AD 1851 | Zambezi | Discovered the Zambezi at the end of June 1851 — the great river flowing through the heart of central Africa was confirmed for the first time | part_02.txt:1701-1715 |
| AD 1852 | Kolobeng | 400 Boers on Pretorius's orders attacked the Bakwena — many killed, 200 schoolchildren taken as slaves, Livingstone's house looted and the mission station destroyed | Ch.2 (1852 습격) |
| AD 1852 | Cape Town | Arrived in Cape Town in April 1852 — put his family on a ship to England and returned alone to prepare for exploring the interior | part_02.txt:1779-1791 |
| AD 1852 | Cape Town | Early June 1852, set out from Cape Town on his last and longest journey — heading for the west coast toward Luanda, Angola; the eastern goal was Quelimane | part_02.txt:1839-1852 |
| AD 1852 | Kolobeng | A Boer expedition attacked Sechele's town at dawn, burned it and killed 60 people, and carried off women, children and men. Livingstone's house was also looted | Ch.6 — 세켈레 편지 |
| AD 1852 | Kuruman | Unable to hire servants because of the Boer threat, he was stuck at Kuruman for months; after getting three servants he set out north on 20 November | Ch.6 — 출발 |
| AD 1852 | Motito | Met Sechele at Motito — Sechele set off saying he would go to the Queen of England, and Livingstone declined to accompany him | Ch.6 — 세켈레 여왕 방문길 |
| AD 1852 – 1853 | Bloemfontein | Sechele reached Bloemfontein and met British troops (just returned from the Basuto battle) — officers fed him and collected travel money, but the commander would not receive him | Ch.6 — 세켈레 영국행 |
| AD 1852 | Litubaruba | Arrived at Sechele's town Litubaruba on 31 December 1852 — the people, plundered by the Boers, were starving | Ch.6 — 리투바루바 도착 |
| AD 1852 | Cape Town | Arrived in Cape Town in April 1852 and put his family on a ship to England (promising to reunite in two years) | part_12.txt:499-502 |
| AD 1852 | Cape Town | Left Cape Town in June 1852, beginning a five-year journey | part_12.txt:504-505 |
| AD 1852 | Kolobeng | Boers attacked Sechele's town — 60 natives died, children and women were taken captive, and Livingstone's house was looted | part_12.txt:517-518 |
| AD 1853 | Litubaruba | Four Boer envoys sought peace, on the condition 'return Sechele's children'. Armed Bakwena forces were blocking the passes | Ch.6 — 보어인 강화 요청 |
| AD 1853 | Boatlanama | Reached the Boatlanama wells on 21 January 1853, but for the first time they were dry | Ch.7 — 1853년 1월 출발 |
| AD 1853 | Letloche | Reached Letloche, about 20 miles beyond Bamangwato, and got plenty of water. This was Gordon Cumming's northernmost base | Ch.7 — 1월 28일 |
| AD 1853 | On 10 March four of the party caught fever and the march stopped. A few days later nearly everyone was down, leaving only Livingstone and one Bakwena | Ch.8 — 3월 10일 | |
| AD 1853 | Sanshureh | Blocked by water at Sanshureh, a tributary of the Chobe, and unable to cross. They camped under a baobab tree and explored the riverbank for a ford | part_04 줄 91–93 |
| AD 1853 | Mahonta | After crossing the main Chobe by pontoon, reached a Makololo village (Moremi) on Mahonta island at dusk | part_04 줄 201–204 |
| AD 1853 | Linyanti | Arrived at Linyanti (capital of the Makololo), 23 May 1853. Detoured west around the northern floodplain | part_04 줄 220–221 |
| AD 1853 | When the Makololo returned bearing Livingstone's hat, the Mambari slave dealers fled at night. They had been trading slaves in a stockade built in the north under Mpepe's protection | part_04 줄 353–361 | |
| AD 1853 | On the road to Sesheke Sekeletu's party met Mpepe. Mpepe tried to kill Sekeletu, and that night Livingstone covered Sekeletu's body and prevented the assassination | part_04 줄 379–400 | |
| AD 1853 | The same night Mpepe was executed on Sekeletu's order. He was dragged a mile away and speared to death. Mpepe's men fled to Barotseland | part_04 줄 406–418 | |
| AD 1853 | Against Lechulatebe's provocations (including songs rejoicing at Sebituane's death), about 500 Makololo threatened with an armed mock battle at Linyanti | part_04 줄 997–1003 | |
| AD 1853 | Katonga | Crossed the Leeambye by canoe at Katonga above Sesheke (the village of Sekhosi, a Bashubia man) | part_04 줄 1357–1359 |
| AD 1853 | Sesheke | Stayed several days at Sesheke, collecting canoes from the villages. He learned that the Barotse call this river Leeambye | part_04 줄 1371–1373 |
| AD 1853 | Naliele | Went upriver on the Leeambye into Barotse country (destination Naliele) with 33 canoes and about 160 paddlers | part_04 줄 1471–1481 |
| AD 1853 | In Mpepe's father's village, two men who had urged killing Sekeletu and installing Mpepe were dragged out and thrown into the river to die | part_04 줄 1626–1635 | |
| AD 1853 | Discussion of starving out the Mambari stockade, which held out with weapons given by Mpepe. The author mediated on behalf of the slaves, and the Mambari were allowed to leave | part_04 줄 1637–1652 | |
| AD 1853 | Went up the Leeambye to latitude 14°11'3" S, where the river's name changes to Kabompo; then turned back | part_04 줄 1869–1871 | |
| AD 1853 | Ma-Sekeletu (town) | Came down the Marile to Sekeletu's mother's village (opposite Loyela island). Sekeletu was visiting the area for the first time, and the village held a feast | part_04 줄 1971–1987 |
| AD 1853 | Gonye | Went down from Litofe to Gonye in a single day (44 miles by the text's latitude figure). It continues to Sesheke and Linyanti | part_04 줄 2024–2028 |
| AD 1853 | Linyanti | Notes for September at Linyanti. The search for a western route (toward Benguela and Loanda) failed, and he decided to set out for the Chobe after the November rains | part_04 줄 2067–2079 |
| AD 1853 | Linyanti | Left Linyanti on 11 November 1853. Sent off by Sekeletu, he launched the chief's canoe on the Chobe | part_04 줄 2214–2223 |
| AD 1853 | Mparia | Came down the Chobe to Mparia island at its confluence with the Leeambye. He observed trap rock at the confluence | part_04 줄 2300 |
| AD 1853 | Sesheke | Reached Sesheke again on 19 November 1853. A Makalaka village (north bank of the Leeambye) ruled by Moriantsane | part_04 줄 2322–2326 |
| AD 1853 | Gonye Falls | On 30 November 1853 at the Gonye Falls, locals carried canoes on their shoulders to get around the falls. The heat slowed the march | part_05.txt 줄 300 |
| AD 1853 | Balonda 마을들 (Leeba 북쪽, 위치 본문 미상) | Makololo under Lerimo raided Balonda villages in the north, took Masiko's subjects captive and destroyed several villages. This ran against Sekeletu's peace policy | part_05.txt 줄 327 |
| AD 1853 | Naliele | On 9 December he publicly rebuked Lerimo's plundering before the chiefs of Naliele. Mporolo took the guilt upon himself and released five captives | part_05.txt 줄 349 |
| AD 1853 | Libonta | On 17 December at Libonta (the last Makololo village) he took on more captives, bringing the number to nineteen. After that they entered an uninhabited border zone | part_05.txt 줄 522 |
| AD 1853 | Leeba–Leeambye 합류점 | On 27 December reached the confluence of the Liba and the Limbe (Zambezi). Prepared seven captives (two children, a girl, a youth, two women) to be sent back to Masiko | part_05.txt 줄 975 |
| AD 1853 | Leeba–Leeambye 합류점 | Sent Mosantu and companions to Masiko with the captives. A message to Masiko, son of Santuru, rebuking him and demanding he stop raiding | part_05.txt 줄 992 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Makondo 개울 (Leeba 동쪽에서 유입) | After four days of rain and negotiations, he declined an invitation from the Balonda chieftainess Manenko and went upstream by the Makondo stream | part_05.txt 줄 1256 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Cassange | On 20 February left Cassange. A strong west wind blew, and the next day several of the party stopped with fever | part_08 「FEB. 20TH」 항 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Quango River | Ferry fare demanded at the Quango River — they asked for 30 yards of cloth but were given only 6. Two people per canoe, and everyone crossed in about two and a half hours | part_08 퀑고 도하 대목 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Chiboque country forest (unnamed village) | Villagers pounced on the baggage and fired a gun. Livingstone faced the chief with a six-shot revolver and the other side backed down. No bloodshed | part_08 4월 19일 열병 뒤 숲 습격 대목 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Moena Kikanje | Arrived at the village of Moene Kikanje, last chief of the Kioko people. The village is on the east bank of the Quilo River, just before Matiamvo's land | part_08 Moena Kikanje 대목 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Chikapa River | Arrived at the Chikapa River. The river is 50–60 yards wide, flowing east-northeast toward the Kasai | part_08 Chikapa 대목 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Loajima River | Arrived at the Loajima River. Crossed on a bridge built of trees and vines. The river is 25 yards wide | part_08 Loajima 대목 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Moamba River | Arrived at the Moamba River. The river is 30 yards wide, with crocodiles and hippos, so they crossed by canoe. The strata are sandstone with an iron cap | part_08 Moamba 대목 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Cabango (village on the Chihombo) | Arrived at Kabango, the village of Muanzanza under Matiamvo. Stopped for four days of funeral rites. Gathered information on the Luba and Mai regions north of the Kasai | part_08 Cabango 대목 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Bango village | Chief Bango gave a large gift. The Bango do not eat beef, because they regard cattle as human. Recorded as true of this group only | part_08 Bango 대목 (방고 머묾) |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Loembwe River | Left Bango and arrived at the Lumbwe River. It flows north-northeast and has many hippos. A fish fence was set up | part_08 「MAY 30TH」 항 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Kawawa's village | Arrived at Kawawa's village. Kawawa showed signs of slave raiding in a witchcraft trial. He then demanded an ox, a gun and gunpowder, and when refused an armed standoff followed | part_08 Kawawa 대목 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Kasai River ford (southern bank) | Kawawa's people hid the ferry boats to block the crossing. At night they secretly borrowed a hidden canoe and crossed to the south bank of the Kasai | part_08 Kasai 여울 대목 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Lake Dilolo | Around Lake Dilolo — he heard a report of the northern Lotembwa River flowing backward and judged it to be the Kasai–Zambezi watershed. The lake's location is given in the text | part_08 Dilolo 대목 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Katema's town | Arrived at Katema's village. Katema was hunting hides for Matiamvo. Gifts such as a red cloth cloak were given, and Katema promised to guarantee the road | part_08 「JUNE 14TH」 항 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Shinte's town | Arrived and stayed at Shinte's village. Shinte asked whether to intervene in the fighting between his brother Limbo and Masiko. Livingstone mediated and stopped the fight | part_08 Shinte 대목 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Leeba River | Borrowed five canoes from Nyamoana and went down the Leba River by canoe. Saw herds of wild animals; a buffalo hunt failed | part_08 Leeba 하강 대목 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Manenko's village (about 15 miles from the river) | Near Manenko's village, Sambanza reported on the political situation. The next day Pitsane and Sambanza held a blood-mingling friendship rite (kasendi) | part_08 Manenko·Kasendi 대목 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Libonta | Arrived at Libonta village. People who thought the party dead welcomed them warmly after two years. Two days later a thanksgiving service was held, and two oxen were provided | part_08 「JULY 27TH」 항 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Naliele | Arrived at Naliele. The murder of Mporolo's daughter and grandson. The culprit and his wife were thrown into the river and executed | part_08 Naliele 8월 1일 대목 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Masiko's stockade (location of the engagement not given) | Limbo seized Masiko's women and appeared before the stockade. Masiko's young men blocked him with shields: ten of Limbo's side were wounded and ten killed. As punishment Limbo sent three slaves | part_08 8월 5일 항 · 마시코 사절 대목 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Naliele shore (Zambezi) | Traveling along the Naliele shore, a hippo rammed the canoe and lifted one side out of the water. Everyone jumped to the shore and was unharmed | part_08 8월 13일 항 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | Gonye | Arrived at Gonye. Chief Mokwala gave ivory, which Livingstone passed to Pitsane. The Gonye rock is red-gray sandstone, with a glaze-like surface from iron | part_08 Gonye 대목 |
| AD 1853 – 1854 | While Livingstone was in Luanda, the Makololo went on two raiding expeditions and seized large herds of cattle. Sekeletu's associates also regarded this as wrong | part_09 L159–166 | |
| AD 1853 | On 11 November 1853 set out from Sekeletu's country for Loanda, accompanied by 27 natives | part_12.txt:572-572 | |
| AD 1854 | Lonkonye 개울의 Sheakondo 마을 | On 1 January reached Shinde's village of Sheakondo. Sheakondo spoke Barotse well and gave a gift of cassava | part_05.txt 줄 1297 |
| AD 1854 | Nyamoana 마을 (Balonda) | On 6 January reached the village of the chieftainess Nyamoana. At a meeting held in a circular plaza he spoke words of peace | part_05.txt 줄 1350 |
| AD 1854 | Nyamoana 마을 (Balonda) | Masiko's embassy arrived: gifts of ivory, honey and blue cloth. Masiko claimed he sold only captives from neighboring small tribes, not his own people, and agreed to friendship | part_05.txt 줄 1484 |
| AD 1854 | Shinte(Kabompo) 도읍 (Balonda) | On 16 January reached the town of Shinte (Kabompo) in a valley. Two Portuguese half-caste slave dealers were camped there | part_05.txt 줄 1945 |
| AD 1854 | Shinte(Kabompo) 도읍 (Balonda) | Formal reception by Shinte on 17 January. Nine speakers addressed the gathering of about a thousand people and three hundred soldiers. Women also appeared in the public assembly | part_05.txt 줄 1994 |
| AD 1854 | Shinte(Kabompo) 도읍 (Balonda) | On 18 January he gave Shinte an ox as a gift and encouraged him to trade in cattle | part_05.txt 줄 2119 |
| AD 1854 | Shinte(Kabompo) 도읍 (Balonda) | At night Shinte tried to give him a girl of about ten as a gift. Livingstone declined, saying she should stay with her parents | part_05.txt 줄 2212 |
| AD 1854 | Shinte(Kabompo) 도읍 (Balonda) | On 24 January Shinte entered the tent, looked at the goods and hung a cone-shell necklace on him, calling it a token of friendship | part_05.txt 줄 2313 |
| AD 1854 | 샤인테 도읍 북쪽 Balonda 마을 (위치 본문 미상) | Left Shinte's town on 26 January. Eight men carried the baggage and the guide Intemese went along. Spent the night in a Balonda village | part_05.txt 줄 2361 |
| AD 1854 | Lonaje 개울가 Kapende 마을 | At Kapende's village (by the Lonaje stream) he received too much poisonous cassava and left it behind | part_05.txt 줄 2391 |
| AD 1854 | Leeba River crossing | On 31 January the guide Intimese delayed departure and then crossed the Leba River — about 100 yards wide, the crossing took about four hours | part06 줄≈91 |
| AD 1854 | Soana Molopo's village | Katema's half-brother Soana Molopo, fearful of Livingstone's party, said Makerolo had shown them the way — yet he gave a gift of food | part06 줄≈351 |
| AD 1854 | Katema's town | Crossed the Lotembwa River and went 8 miles to Katema's scattered villages. Katema sent a large gift of food | part06 줄≈564 |
| AD 1854 | Katema's town | Katema boasted that he was a great ruler on a par with Matiamvo, and assigned Livingstone's party a guide for the northern road (the northwest road was flooded) | part06 줄≈596 |
| AD 1854 | Lake Dilolo | On 20 February left Katema's land and went around the narrow end of Lake Dilolo. They could not go to the wide side because of fever, and astronomical observations were also skipped | part06 줄≈738 |
| AD 1854 | Kabinje village (Kasai-Zambezi watershed) | On 24 February left the flooded plain and crossed the watershed between the southern and northern rivers (Kasai and Loke) — Katende's chiefdom; reached the village of Kabinje | part06 줄≈924 |
| AD 1854 | Kasai (Loke) ford | On 27 February Kangenke provided a guide and two canoes for crossing the Kasai (Loke) River — about 100 yards wide | part06 줄≈1014 |
| AD 1854 | Katende's village | Katende demanded a toll for passing his land: a person, ivory, beads, copper rings or shells. Livingstone sent a shirt and got a guide and food | part06 줄≈1087 |
| AD 1854 | Njambi's village (Chiboque) | On 4 March entered Chibokwe country and reached Nyamoana's village (Njambi). Planned Sunday rest on 5 March, slaughtered a tired ox and gave the chief the meat | part06 줄≈1298 |
| AD 1854 | Njambi's village (Chiboque) | Njambi gathered men and surrounded the camp, demanding people, oxen, guns and ivory. Livingstone stood his ground with a gun, then gave an ox, a shirt, beads and more, and passed without bloodshed | part06 줄≈1318 |
| AD 1854 | On 6 March, as the guides kept demanding payment, he turned the course north-northeast to look for an exit toward Portuguese Cassange | part06 줄≈1425 | |
| AD 1854 | Ionga Panza's village (Loajima second ford) | On 17 March at the second ford of the Loajima, a hostile band blocked the way. The old man Njonga Panza stepped in; Livingstone tried to settle it by talking before firing | part06 줄≈1670 |
| AD 1854 | Ionga Panza's village | On 20 March Njonga Panza demanded a toll. Only one of Sekeletu's tusks and an ox settled it; the party was so discouraged that some even proposed turning back | part06 줄≈1779 |
| AD 1854 | Chikapa River | On 24 March took Njonga Panza's sons as guides to Portuguese land and paid shell ornaments in advance. Crossed the Chikapa River by bark boat; the ferryman took payment three times | part06 줄≈1843 |
| AD 1854 | Quango valley (escarpment) | On 30 March descended the steep escarpment of the plateau and looked over the Quango valley — about 100 miles wide, looking like a range of mountains opposite | part06 줄≈1996 |
| AD 1854 | Sansawe's village (Bashinje) | On 2 April the Bashinje chief Sansawe demanded people, oxen and ivory. When refused he threatened to kill and rob them the next day; Livingstone retorted 'How will you recognize a white man?' | part06 줄≈2069 |
| AD 1854 | River Quango (ford) | On 4 April the chief on the banks of the Quango demanded people, oxen and a gun and told them to turn back. Livingstone held firm and refused to give up his last blanket | part06 줄≈2174 |
| AD 1854 | River Quango (ford) | A sergeant of the Portuguese half-caste militia, Cipriano de Abreu, helped negotiate the fare with the ferrymen. Crossing to the west bank of the Quango, they entered Bangala land, an area of Portuguese subjects | part06 줄≈2205 |
| AD 1854 | Cassange | After 10 April, three days of hard walking through long grass to Cassange — the innermost Portuguese post in West Africa. He dined at commandant Silva Rego's house and stayed at Captain Neves's | part06 줄≈2300 |
| AD 1854 | Cassange | Celebrated Easter with the Portuguese residents at Cassange. The source gives only the date without a year; grouped under 1854 from the surrounding entries | ch.19 말(조각 앞부분) |
| AD 1854 | Tala Mungongo | Left Cassange and marched to the foot of Tala Mungongo. Crossed the Luii on 22 April and the Luare on 24 April, and camped at the foot of the mountain | ch.19 말(카생지 계곡) |
| AD 1854 | Ngio | Sunday 30 April, stayed at Ngio near the Quize ferry. Fever slowed the march | ch.19 말(Ngio) |
| AD 1854 | Ambaca | The Ambaca commandant Arsenio gave bread and meat and assigned two militia guides. The Cassange corporal turned back here | ch.19 말(Ambaca) |
| AD 1854 | Zangu | Around noon rested at the house of the Zenga trader Melo, who cooked chickens and gave wine | ch.19 말(Zangu) |
| AD 1854 | Cabinda | Sunday 14 May, stayed at the Cabinda sub-command post. The mountain road toward Golungo Alto | ch.19 말(Cabinda) |
| AD 1854 | Golungo Alto | Stayed with Golungo Alto commandant Canto to recover his strength. Explanation of the local labor system (carregadores, forced porters since 1845) | ch.19 말(Golungo Alto) |
| AD 1854 | Loanda | On 31 May descended the slope above the city of Luanda and stayed at Gabriel's house. He was very weak from fever and dysentery | ch.20 앞부분(Loanda 도착) |
| AD 1854 | Loanda | The bishop (acting governor of Angola) received the Makololo men and freely permitted them to visit Luanda. The Makololo were very pleased | ch.20 중반(주교 면담) |
| AD 1854 | Icolo i Bengo | On 20 September left Luanda by ship, reached the mouth of the Bengo River and went upriver to Icolo e Bengo. The bishop provided 20 porters and gifts | ch.20 말(출발) |
| AD 1854 | Kalungwembo | On 28 September, camp at Kalungwembo. Women spun cotton on spindles at every market. One pound of cotton cost a penny | ch.21 앞(Kalungwembo) |
| AD 1854 | Massangano | Arrived at Massangano. Came down the Lucala River by canoe and saw the fort, the old Portuguese castle and the Quisama territory. Fires were frequent | ch.21 중반(Massangano) |
| AD 1854 | Golungo Alto | Returned to Golungo Alto from behind Massangano. Many of his men lay ill with fever | ch.21 중반(귀환) |
| AD 1854 | Ambaca | On 14 December left Canto's house for Ambaca. Set out after his men had recovered | ch.21 중반(12월 14일) |
| AD 1854 | Pungo Andongo | Crossed the Lucala and turned south to the rock fortress of Pungo Andongo. Staying at Colonel Pires's house, he rewrote his manuscripts | ch.21 후반(Pungo Andongo) |
| AD 1854 | Pungo Andongo | Heard that the mail steamer Forerunner had sunk, and the maps, journals and official papers were all under the sea. The rewriting began | ch.21 후반(원고 소실) |
| AD 1854 | Cassange | Sold Sekeletu's ivory at Cassange, the Portuguese border settlement | part_12.txt:624-624 |
| AD 1854 | Luanda | Arrived at the Portuguese port of Loanda on 31 May 1854; Livingstone collapsed with fever | part_12.txt:630-631 |
| AD 1854 | Luanda | Left Loanda in September 1854 for the return — carrying Portuguese gifts toward Sekeletu | part_12.txt:668-670 |
| AD 1854 | Ambaca | Passed Ambaca (seat of the district administration) on 6 December — as recorded in the table of the original text | part_12.txt:3-3 |
| AD 1855 | Candumba | On 1 January left Pungo Andongo and stayed at a dairy at Candumba | ch.22 앞(1855-01-01) |
| AD 1855 | Malange | Crossed a tributary of the Lucala and went northeast, rejoining the old road at the village of Malange | ch.22 앞(Malange) |
| AD 1855 | Sanza | Passing the village of Sanza, he tried to obtain seed wheat, but there was none in Angola | ch.22 앞(Sanza) |
| AD 1855 | Tala Mungongo | On 15 January descended the heights of Tala Mungongo in one hour. 1,600 paces, a drop of about 1,200–1,500 feet. Into the Cassange valley | ch.22 초반(1855-01-15) |
| AD 1855 | Cassange | Arrived at Cassange village. Welcomed at Captain Neves's house. Neves had a severe inflammation and abscess in his hand | ch.22 초반(Cassange) |
| AD 1855 | island in the Zambesi (불명) | Livingstone found the parcel Moffat had sent via Matebele, which the Makololo had left untouched in a hut on an island in mid-river from September 1854 to September 1855 | part_09 L50–70 |
| AD 1855 | Linyanti | At Sesheke he waited for the horses to arrive, then reached Linyanti. The wagon and goods left in November 1853 were still there | part_09 L92–94 |
| AD 1855 | Linyanti | Judging the west-coast road blocked and the east-coast Zanzibar route short of supplies (the inhabitants hostile), he decided to go down the north bank of the Zambezi. Departure in the heat before the rains was postponed | part_09 L294–349 |
| AD 1855 | Loanda | Sekeletu entrusted a new party to carry ivory to Luanda to the Arab trader Ben Habib. Ben Habib set out in early October | part_09 L113–121, L376–383 |
| AD 1855 | Linyanti | The first sustained rain of the season fell. To prepare for departure, Sekwebu and Kanyata were named heads of the party, and he spoke with Mamire and Motibe about the raiding issue | part_09 L549–596 |
| AD 1855 | Sesheke | Left Linyanti with Sekeletu and about 200 people. They passed the tsetse zone at night, and in lightning and rain Sekeletu covered him with a blanket | part_09 L623–653 |
| AD 1855 | Mparia (Chobe 합류점 섬, 불명) | On 13 November went down the Zambezi by canoe. Some went down the river and some drove the cattle along the bank, spending a night on Mparia island at the Chobe confluence | part_09 L669–672 |
| AD 1855 | Nampene island (불명) | After going about 10 miles down, rapids began at Namponi island, so they abandoned the canoes and walked along the bank | part_09 L695–697 |
| AD 1855 | Kalai (Sekote island, 불명) | Reached Kalai, an island of Sekete. Sekete was driven out by Sebituane and fled across the river, and the island later became Makololo land. At the old kotla were skull poles, hippo skulls, and over 70 ivory tusks at Sekete's tomb | part_09 L698–726 |
| AD 1855 | Victoria Falls (모시오아투냐, 불명) | From Kalai, twenty minutes by canoe, he first saw the columns of spray. He climbed onto an island and looked into the chasm, and gave the falls the English name Victoria. In 1855 he planted peach and apricot seeds on the island to mark the occasion | part_09 L728–830, L741–743, L860–868, L985–987 |
| AD 1855 | A Makololo man raided in Sekeletu's name. Sekeletu imposed a fine, which Livingstone welcomed as the first case of a raid being fined | part_09 L1019–1028 | |
| AD 1855 | Lekone (불명) | Parted from Sekeletu's party and went north toward Lekone. He had an escort of 114 men to carry ivory. On a moonlit night he took the night road to avoid the tsetse zone | part_09 L1052–1063 |
| AD 1855 | Moyara village (불명) | Stayed a day at Moyara's village. Fifty-four skulls of Matebele killed by his father hung on stakes. Moyara boasted of the skulls | part_09 L1169–1197 |
| AD 1855 | Namilanga (The Well of Joy, 불명) | Reached Namilanga (the well of joy), a well under a large fig tree. An old local man told how his father had gone as far as Mbamba, where white traders were (a report of first contact with whites) | part_09 L1217–1255 |
| AD 1855 | Unguesi river (불명) | Crossed the Ungesi River near the villages of old Marimba. The river flows backward toward the center, like the Lekone. They drove the oxen only at night and walked by day | part_09 L1311–1324 |
| AD 1855 | Kaonka village (불명) | Reached Kayonka's last Batoka village. By Sekeletu's order Kayonka offered maize and groundnuts. Livingstone decided to tell the distant rebel Batoka to stop plundering | part_09 L1576–1585 |
| AD 1855 | River Mozuma (River of Dila, 불명) | Crossed the Mozuma (Dila) River. This was the old home of Sebituane, where he saved a herd of buffalo from tsetse poison; lignite traces were seen | part_09 L1826–1870 |
| AD 1855 | Reached the first village on 4 December. At night people from a hostile village tried to spear a youth who went to fetch water. A man approached in a fit with an axe. Sekwebu blocked him with a spear | part_09 L1879–1903 | |
| AD 1855 | At night a bound captive ran up and begged to be freed. He had fled from Bashokulumbo and been given a wife and fields, but demanded more and threatened to kill his master. Livingstone freed him with a knife | part_09 L2016–2031 | |
| AD 1855 | Monze village (불명) | The supreme Batoka chief Monze came to visit. When Livingstone asked Monze and about 150 people whether they wished whites to come, live there and teach, all were delighted | part_09 L2060–2062, L2096–2100 |
| AD 1855 | Monze's sister village (불명) | Stayed at the village of Monze's sister. The captive freed earlier came out, offered maize and flour, and brought firewood and a pot | part_09 L2155–2170 |
| AD 1855 | Semalembue village (Kafue ford) | Arrived at Semalembue's village. Near the Kafue ferry he received several baskets of maize flour as gifts, and gave a shirt when leaving | part_10.txt:164-165 |
| AD 1855 | Chipongo (Chiponga) river | Left the Chipongo riverside and passed a mica and slate range on the left. Below the mountains he saw a forest of petrified trees | part_10.txt:477-478 |
| AD 1855 | Zambezi River (near Menye makaba island) | Saw the Zambezi again. The river was wide and muddy. Pinned down by rain for several days near Menye Makaba island | part_10.txt:515-516 |
| AD 1855 | Kalai | 18 November 1855, Kalai — near Mosi-oa-Tunya Falls | part_12.txt:5-5 |
| AD 1855 | Victoria Falls | Saw the Mosi-oa-Tunya Falls — the Zambezi plunges into a deep chasm, and Livingstone proposed naming them 'Victoria Falls' | part_12.txt:757-758 |
| AD 1855 | Kalomo River | 30 November 1855, Kalomo River — as recorded in the table | part_12.txt:10-10 |
| AD 1855 | Banks of Zambesi | 30 December 1855, on the Zambezi riverbank — near the confluence of the Kafue and the Zambezi | part_12.txt:34-34 |
| AD 1856 | Selole (Chilole) village | Chief Selole (Chilole) saw us as enemies and sent a messenger toward Mburuma. Mburuma's brother saw through the lie, came to our camp and told the whole story | part_10.txt:678-680 |
| AD 1856 | Mburuma's village | Arrived at Mburuma's village. His brother greeted us. After we showed that we were not slave traders, suspicion cleared | part_10.txt:773 |
| AD 1856 | Zumbo (Loangwa–Zambezi confluence) | Arrived at the confluence of the Loangwa and the Zambezi. He saw the stone house foundations and church site of the old Portuguese town Zumbo, and a broken bell | part_10.txt:906-907 |
| AD 1856 | Loangwa River crossing (near Zumbo) | On the 15th crossed the Loangwa by canoe. People on the far side watched armed. Baggage and cattle were moved in parts | part_10.txt:940-942 |
| AD 1856 | Shibanga island | On the 17th a man in a shirt came from Chibanga island. He said the Portuguese settlements (Tete and Nyungwe) were across the river and had been fighting the natives for a second year | part_10.txt:1077-1078 |
| AD 1856 | Mpende's village | On the 23rd, near Menfe's village, people gathered waving a red substance and lighting magic fires. Battle seemed near, so an ox was slaughtered to raise morale | part_10.txt:1186-1188 |
| AD 1856 | Mpende's village | At the chiefs' council, they listened to one of our men and permitted the crossing. Menfe later said we were 'friends' and gave help | part_10.txt:1227-1229 |
| AD 1856 | Zambezi crossing (below Mpende's country) | On the 24th the people of a large island downstream ferried us across by canoe. The river is about 1,200 yards wide. Because the water was wide and deep, we stayed on the main island and crossed in the morning | part_10.txt:1252-1253 |
| AD 1856 | Mozinkwa's island | Pinned down by rain for several days on Mozinkwa island. A sick porter died, and another fled toward Mozinkwa | part_10.txt:1303-1304 |
| AD 1856 | Zingesi (sand-river) | On 1 February tried to cross the swollen sand river Zingesi, but failed. The oxen sank deep under the sand and were swept toward the Zambezi | part_10.txt:1395-1397 |
| AD 1856 | Boroma village | Arrived at Boroma's village on 6 February. Boroma himself did not appear. His mother sent a basket of maize and a chicken | part_10.txt:1545-1546 |
| AD 1856 | Pinkwe hill (opposite the river) | Opposite Pinkwe hill he left the Zambezi and turned southeast toward the Mopane forest. Much time was spent crossing each of the river's tributaries | part_10.txt:1578-1580 |
| AD 1856 | Nyampungo village | 13 February, Nyampungo's village. He is the headman known to have rain-calling magic. He was told that the people of this region have never kept cattle | part_10.txt:1658 |
| AD 1856 | Nyampungo's country (elephant kill site) | On 14 February he shot an old bull elephant on Nyampungo's land. By hunting custom the landowner had to be informed, so Nyampungo's people brought a basket of maize, a chicken and some strings of beads | part_10.txt:1737-1740 |
| AD 1856 | Monina's village (near Tangwe sand-river) | Arrived at Monina's village on 20 February. Monina is known among the tribes for generosity. A war dance was held at night | part_10.txt:2054-2055 |
| AD 1856 | Monina's village | That night his man Monahin left and did not return. They searched for three days but found no trace | part_10.txt:2149-2150 |
| AD 1856 | Nyakoba's village | Arrived at Niakoba's village. He showed beads to people who did not believe we had none. Niakoba sent two baskets of maize and grain | part_10.txt:2198 |
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