World map in AD 1440 — territory by country

Frame AD 1440 — world borders from AD 1440 to AD 1449. 129 countries have territory in this frame, and the largest is Ming dynasty (≈ 5.50 million km²).

Countries with territory in this frame (129, largest first)

Rank	Country	Area
1	Ming dynasty	≈ 5.50 million km²
2	Khanate of Sibir	≈ 4.37 million km²
3	Timurid Empire	≈ 3.93 million km²
4	Oirat Confederation	≈ 3.42 million km²
5	Tibet	≈ 1.55 million km²
6	Chagatai Khanate	≈ 1.55 million km²
7	Novgorod Republic	≈ 1.49 million km²
8	Mamluk Sultanate	≈ 1.48 million km²
9	Golden Horde	≈ 1.41 million km²
10	Kalmar Union	≈ 1.27 million km²
11	Mali Empire	≈ 1.11 million km²
12	Majapahit	≈ 1.00 million km²
13	Grand Duchy of Lithuania	≈ 747 thousand km²
14	Ottoman Empire	≈ 562 thousand km²
15	Qara Qoyunlu	≈ 517 thousand km²
16	Bahmani Kingdom	≈ 439 thousand km²
17	Vijayanagara Empire	≈ 395 thousand km²
18	Ethiopian Empire	≈ 392 thousand km²
19	Marinid dynasty	≈ 388 thousand km²
20	Rasulid dynasty	≈ 378 thousand km²
21	Lan Xang	≈ 376 thousand km²
22	Crown of Castile	≈ 361 thousand km²
23	Holy Roman Empire	≈ 361 thousand km²
24	Kingdom of Hungary	≈ 339 thousand km²
25	Ayutthaya Kingdom	≈ 321 thousand km²
26	Ashikaga shogunate	≈ 321 thousand km²
27	Grand Principality of Moscow	≈ 318 thousand km²
28	Bengal Sultanate	≈ 306 thousand km²
29	Kingdom of Poland	≈ 285 thousand km²
30	Shan States	≈ 274 thousand km²
31	Khmer Empire	≈ 240 thousand km²
32	Aq Qoyunlu	≈ 233 thousand km²
33	Joseon	≈ 232 thousand km²
34	Hafsid dynasty	≈ 224 thousand km²
35	Makuria	≈ 213 thousand km²
36	Kingdom of France	≈ 205 thousand km²
37	Kingdom of England	≈ 202 thousand km²
38	Kingdom of Ava	≈ 192 thousand km²
39	Crown of Aragon	≈ 185 thousand km²
40	Khanate of Kazan	≈ 171 thousand km²
41	Jaunpur Sultanate	≈ 159 thousand km²
42	Kashmir Sultanate	≈ 152 thousand km²
43	Lê dynasty	≈ 152 thousand km²
44	Adal Sultanate	≈ 149 thousand km²
45	Maya civilization	≈ 135 thousand km²
46	Kingdom of Kongo	≈ 132 thousand km²
47	Kingdom of Bohemia	≈ 128 thousand km²
48	Kingdom of Georgia	≈ 128 thousand km²
49	Zayyanid dynasty	≈ 126 thousand km²
50	Alodia	≈ 124 thousand km²
51	Samma dynasty	≈ 123 thousand km²
52	Livonian language	≈ 116 thousand km²
53	House of Habsburg	≈ 102 thousand km²
54	Karamanids	≈ 100 thousand km²
55	Moldavia	≈ 98 thousand km²
56	Chimor	≈ 98 thousand km²
57	Kingdom of Portugal	≈ 94 thousand km²
58	Champa	≈ 93 thousand km²
59	Sayyid dynasty	≈ 89 thousand km²
60	Kingdom of Scotland	≈ 86 thousand km²
61	Kingdom of Mrauk U	≈ 85 thousand km²
62	Mahdids	≈ 84 thousand km²
63	Hanthawaddy kingdom	≈ 78 thousand km²
64	Duchy of Burgundy	≈ 75 thousand km²
65	Wallachia	≈ 74 thousand km²
66	Serbian Empire	≈ 73 thousand km²
67	Al-Ahsa Oasis	≈ 71 thousand km²
68	Teutonic Order	≈ 69 thousand km²
69	Kingdom of Naples	≈ 69 thousand km²
70	House of Valois-Anjou	≈ 63 thousand km²
71	Sukhothai Kingdom	≈ 63 thousand km²
72	Sri Lanka	≈ 62 thousand km²
73	Sunda Kingdom	≈ 62 thousand km²
74	Lanna Kingdom	≈ 53 thousand km²
75	Kingdom of Bosnia	≈ 49 thousand km²
76	Candar dynasty	≈ 49 thousand km²
77	Duchy of Bavaria	≈ 48 thousand km²
78	Shirvan	≈ 48 thousand km²
79	Republic of Venice	≈ 47 thousand km²
80	Michoacán	≈ 46 thousand km²
81	Margraviate of Brandenburg	≈ 41 thousand km²
82	Papal States	≈ 40 thousand km²
83	Vladimir-Suzdal	≈ 38 thousand km²
84	Duchy of Brittany	≈ 37 thousand km²
85	County of Savoy	≈ 36 thousand km²
86	House of Ascania	≈ 34 thousand km²
87	House of Bourbon	≈ 33 thousand km²
88	Beylik of Dulkadir	≈ 30 thousand km²
89	Duchy of Milan	≈ 30 thousand km²
90	Emirate of Granada	≈ 27 thousand km²
91	Empire of Trebizond	≈ 27 thousand km²
92	Ramadanid Emirate	≈ 24 thousand km²
93	Byzantine Empire	≈ 24 thousand km²
94	Pskov Republic	≈ 22 thousand km²
95	Blue Horde	≈ 19 thousand km²
96	Kedah Sultanate	≈ 18 thousand km²
97	County of Périgord	≈ 18 thousand km²
98	Electorate of Trier	≈ 17 thousand km²
99	Aztec Empire	≈ 15 thousand km²
100	Republic of Genoa	≈ 15 thousand km²
101	Republic of Florence	≈ 14 thousand km²
102	County of Armagnac	≈ 14 thousand km²
103	Despotate of Epirus	≈ 14 thousand km²
104	Kanem–Bornu Empire	≈ 14 thousand km²
105	Switzerland	≈ 13 thousand km²
106	County of Nevers	≈ 13 thousand km²
107	Kingdom of Cyprus	≈ 13 thousand km²
108	Jaffna kingdom	≈ 12 thousand km²
109	County of Foix	≈ 11 thousand km²
110	Duchy of Luxembourg	≈ 10 thousand km²
111	Touraine	≈ 10 thousand km²
112	Inca Empire	≈ 8,783 km²
113	Samudera Pasai Sultanate	≈ 8,416 km²
114	Tver	≈ 7,122 km²
115	Earl of Desmond	≈ 6,858 km²
116	Tondo (historical polity)	≈ 4,953 km²
117	Sultanate of Brunei (1368–1888)	≈ 4,799 km²
118	Béarn	≈ 3,759 km²
119	Comtat Venaissin	≈ 2,437 km²
120	Ryukyu Kingdom	≈ 2,186 km²
121	Patriarchate of Aquileia	≈ 1,681 km²
122	Republic of Ragusa	≈ 1,540 km²
123	Namayan	≈ 1,128 km²
124	Auvergne	≈ 706 km²
125	Kathmandu	≈ 661 km²
126	Principality of Theodoro	≈ 654 km²
127	County of Urgell	≈ 380 km²
128	Duchy of Styria	≈ 277 km²
129	Principality of Orange	≈ 141 km²

Map of this frame (only countries over 400,000 km², simplified)

New countries in this frame (6)

Inca Empire · Khanate of Kazan · Kingdom of Kongo · Duchy of Brittany · Auvergne · County of Périgord

Countries that disappeared in this frame (7)

Northern Yuan · Arab Iraq · Germiyanids · Duchy of Aquitaine · Principality of Achaea · Duchy of Lorraine · Cusco

Directions of expansion (3)

These are cases where one country’s land grew into another country’s former land (not actual routes of advance).

Oirat Confederation → former land of Northern Yuan, ≈ 2.19 million km²
Aq Qoyunlu → former land of Arab Iraq, ≈ 150 thousand km²
Oirat Confederation → former land of Ming dynasty, ≈ 113 thousand km²

The world in AD 1440

25 events from the sources that fall in this frame, grouped by region.

China (10)

AD 1441 — The Qianqing and Kunning palaces and the Fengtian, Huagai and Jinshen halls were completed; Beijing was fixed as the capital, and the agencies stopped using the title 'temporary court'. (History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals 明史卷10 正統六年)
AD 1441 — Wang Ji took Luchuan; Si Renfa fled to Mengyang. (History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals 明史卷10 正統六年)
AD 1449 — Censor Ding Xuan and Captain Liu Fu beheaded Deng Maoqi, the ringleader of the Fujian rebellion, at Yanping. (History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals 明史卷10 正統十四年)
AD 1449 — When Esen of the Oirat invaded Datong, the emperor decided on a personal campaign despite opposition from Minister of Personnel Wang Zhi and others; Prince of Cheng guarded Beijing. (History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals 明史卷10 正統十四年)
AD 1449 — The campaign army reached Datong, but the garrison eunuch Guo Jing proposed a withdrawal, and they soon turned back. (History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals 明史卷10 正統十四年)
AD 1449 — Duke of Cheng Zhu Yong and Earl Yongshun Xue Shou were ambushed at Yao'er Ridge, and the whole army was wiped out. (History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals 明史卷10 正統十四年)
AD 1449 — The emperor's main army was surrounded at Tumu; the next day it was destroyed, hundreds of thousands died, and the emperor was captured (the Tumu Incident). (History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals 明史卷10 正統十四年)
AD 1449 — Prince of Cheng Zhu Qiyu (Jingtai) ascended the throne, honored Yingzong as Grand Emperor, and the following year was named the first year of Jingtai. (History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals 明史卷11 正統十四年)
AD 1449 — Esen took Zijing Pass; with Sun Xiang killed, the capital was placed under martial law. (History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals 明史卷11 正統十四年)
AD 1449 — Esen approached the capital but was repulsed at the Zhangyi Gate; Yu Qian and Shi Heng repeatedly defeated him beneath the walls, and the enemy withdrew (the Defense of Beijing). (History of Ming (Mingshi), Annals 明史卷11 正統十四年)

Southeast Asia (9)

AD 1440 — The emperor personally campaigned against Hà Tông Lai, rebel of Shuwu county in Tuyên Quang, and had him executed. (Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư 本紀卷之十一「庚申大寳元年<sub>明正統五年」)
AD 1444 — Champa king Fenhai raided Hóa Châu citadel; Lü Bei and Lü Jia campaigned with 100,000 men. (Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư 本紀卷之十一「甲子二年<sub>明正統九年</」)
AD 1446 — Lê Thụ and others crushed the Chaban citadel and captured the Champa king Fenhai and his consorts. (Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư 本紀卷之十一「丙寅四年<sub>明正統十一年<」)
AD 1446 — Raja Kassim, with Sri Nara Diraja, struck the palace by night riding an elephant, killed King Rakan and his elder half-brother Abu Syahid, and was enthroned as Muzaffar Shah. (Malay Annals (Sejarah Melayu) Leyden 1821 p.115)
AD 1446 — Muzaffar Shah had the law code (Kitab Undang-Undang) compiled. (Malay Annals (Sejarah Melayu) Leyden 1821 p.118)
AD 1446 — The Siamese king demanded that Malacca submit a letter of submission and was refused; General Awi Chakri advanced overland as far as Pahang. (Malay Annals (Sejarah Melayu) Leyden 1821 p.121)
AD 1446 — Malacca gathered the people of Kelang with their wives and children and fought the Siamese army; the Siamese withdrew, and a rattan grew where they abandoned their baggage, so the place became known as Rotan Siam. (Malay Annals (Sejarah Melayu) Leyden 1821 p.124)
AD 1446 — When the Siamese general Abidichu's force reached Batu Pahat, Tun Omar went ahead alone to scout, and the prime minister made torchwood look like a great army, so the Siamese withdrew. (Malay Annals (Sejarah Melayu) Leyden 1821 p.131)
AD 1446 — Just before the Malacca campaign, Siamese prince Chao Phandan spat blood and died from a magical arrow shot by the Sayyid Arab of Malacca, and the campaign was called off. (Malay Annals (Sejarah Melayu) Leyden 1821 p.132)

Eastern Europe & Russia (6)

AD 1440 — Grand Prince Zigmont Kestutyevich of Lithuania is assassinated. (Novgorod First Chronicle litopys 기사 1440년)
AD 1441 — Grand Prince Vasily of Moscow turns hostile to Novgorod, sends a declaration of war and invades its territory. (Novgorod First Chronicle litopys 기사 1441년)
AD 1442 — In 1442 the people of Novgorod imprisoned all German merchants, while Pskov traded peacefully with the Hanseatic League. (Karamzin, History of the Russian State 제5권 III장)
AD 1442 — The metropolitan comes from Lithuania to Moscow; Grand Prince Vasily objects that he prayed for the Roman pope. (Novgorod First Chronicle litopys 기사 1442년)
AD 1446 — In 1446 seven hundred Tatars under Mamutek besieged Ustyug and took a ransom in furs, but on their way back they drowned in the Vetluga river. (Karamzin, History of the Russian State 제5권 III장)
AD 1446 — Khan Mahmet releases Grand Prince Vasily and receives 200,000 rubles. (Novgorod First Chronicle litopys 기사 1446년)

Changes of power ◆

◆ AD 1440 — Inca Empire appears
◆ AD 1440 — Khanate of Kazan appears
◆ AD 1440 — Kingdom of Kongo appears
◆ AD 1440 — Germiyanids ends
◆ AD 1440 — Arab Iraq ends
◆ AD 1440 — Northern Yuan ends
◆ AD 1440 — Oirat Confederation takes 2,185,000 km² of former Northern Yuan land
◆ AD 1440 — Aq Qoyunlu takes 150,400 km² of former Arab Iraq land